r:Feadr

farqnryrf rraatE

|PAAHTE/bCKO HACAETE Y CPBVJT4

36opnuK y qac-Tap Ao6poclaBa Bojra Cr. flasloBuha

Beorpag 2OI4
pp lby6rzHKo PaAenxosrah

BaaxagolorrrKa prHc"TraTyrCAHy, Beorpa4

CEMAHTHI(A KYNHOT NPOCTOPA

(na rrpnMepnMa cpncKe rp"tlnrrHorraaHe

xyhe)

Ancmparcm:

Yvrehe rpabema ryha je jeaan oA rrpenoMErx erarra y

Ky rypuoM pa3BurKy rbyAcKor poAa E rrpeAcraBma je4ry oA
najeax<uujux rr.rrBz,tnsauzjcrzx reKoBuEa. Ter ca ocnqjareM
ocEoBEEx 3EaEa 3a rpaAny rpajuajzx cr(,rorrrruTa, rbyAcKe
saje,quzqe cy ce cra6zlr3oBale Ea o,4pefenoM rrpocropy, xojz
cy uor{ene Aa ouax<ajy rao ,croj". KoA Cp6a, Kao u KoA ocr€tlux
Cnosesa, 3? rpa-beezry rAe rry4v x(EBe carryBan je
nrrnoeBporrcKa Ea3uB dotvt, 4or je Ea3rB rcyha rrpacloBerrcKa
znona-u,uja. Ocurvr oBor y cpucKEM rrapoAnrM roBopuMa nocroje
u uerr Apyru, ourrrrecloBeucKz raasurBur,Kao rrrro cy: (xluzca,
us6a, xpaJil.

Y rrapo4noj ryzrrypz, ryha ce orralr(a Kao cnoj, 3arBopen

v czrypau rrpocrop. Hei.Tapuje cAoBeEcKe ryhe cy 6r.tte
qerBopoyraoEre, je,qro.rlelEle, r4e je y uAearrnoM rrolox(ajy cBaKa
crpaua ryhe oAroBapala cTpanr cBera; yKorra-Ee y seMrby y
pydz;yy 4o je.qnor Merpa, 6es rpo3opa ur ca yrnpferruM MecToM
3a ornrrrrre. Hajnaxruuja ryrrrua Mecra ryhe 6utta cy npaz ur
o?tbuu)me. Y pa,ql ce a-Ealn3rpa pa3BrraK ryhe ne je,quoAelne
y BrrrreAenry, Kao E czrvr6onr.mo 3Earrene rrpocropa yrryrap
ryhe.

Kngut+e pequ: ryha, AoM, rrpocTop, rpaAurerbcrBo, EapoAEa

V^rypa, Cp6z., Cnosenu.
 HagsgH

Kyha je 3arBopeu, ctrrJpau npocTop sa )KrrBor

rl;y4vr. VIga Bpara (npara) uoqrrlbe ceoj cBer, c o4pefeHr.aM
cHcTeMoM rrpaBurAa ra BpeAHocTr4.

OurrnecloBeHcKn Hasr{B 3a rpa$earury rAe lby4rz

N<vrBe, arvr vt 3a coryrja rry opraura3arlLtjy ropoArar\y,
jeme do"u. Onaj Ha3raB je rrocBeAoqeH u y crapraM
c^oBeHcr<prM cuoMeHr.rqraMa (donrcl v oH vrwa
r4rrAoeBporrcKo rroperv\o (rp. domos, Aar. domus, cr.r4r{4.
dama, oA rire. *domo-sl (3CCq L97815:72-73). Ilpao6rarrro
oBa o3u€rKa (*dem-l je zuarra coqzjaAHo 3uaqerie, ga 6u
racrrzje Aorulo Ao Korrr€lMranaqzje ca osH€lKoM racror
rrvrKa,ca sHaqe[beM ,r'pagvtrvr" (yn. Berrgenuq 2OO2: 2O3-
2041. y HeKraM pycKHM g,rajaner<rravra osHar(oM do"u,
do"uoeuurme, KoA Benopyca do.,voeut+a, rrasuBa ce u
MpTBaqKH carrArr<.

Kao osHar(a 3a ,r<yhy" r(oA cBr.D( Caogeua

pacfipocTparLeHr.r cy n ]g:asvrBurIa3BeAeHH vrs hgzt: cT.
cAoB. )cbasrb (CynpacalbcKn pJrr(ouuc XI nexa) , y
rlarocKoM pyr<ouucy )i/ BeKa - hi,s, y Benoj Kpajwtu u
}Irrrpra - hi5, uorb. Azj. chgh, cAoBeH. hiAa, cloBaq. chgZa,
yKp. nt2ua, 6yr. u cpu. Arzj. uzKa. Y uraporcKoM rlpajy,
u2Ka je cpe4rarrrsa, rroHeKaA u jep;auaa npocropuja rcyhe,
KBa^parHor o6nrarca, ca orrbvlrTeM y cpe4vrlrvr ca
cnorsulrM BparraMa. Mo:re Aa osHaqaBa ur nopoALrrry:
tt2Ka je 6orara, TaM l,z;vrje Bor6a 4eeojvero Aa
"Taja
o:reuurr"; uape cy tt2Ktbe, Heje bu oHa AoHeAa y
"Teja
rrupas" (3rrarxosrah 2000: 1 15, LL7l. y ceaepnoj

2l
Meroxraju uzKuHa je cnaeaha co6a (Byrg,nnzpuh 2Ol2:
193- L94). Cvrarpa ce Aa y ocHoBr4 oBof Ha3lIBa crojz
rrpacloBeHcKa nosajvruua r.r3 cr. repMar{cKof *hus ,po:l.r",
HBHeM.Haus (yn. Qacvrep L972IIY: 235; Skok I97LII:
668-66e).

JeAarr oA orrurrecnoBeHcKzx Ha3raBa sa rcyhy jecre

14 us6a: cprr. us6a ,ceocKa xyha", ,MaAa npocropuja y
npn3eM/by 3a cTaHoBarse vwvr 3a crorqF" (,,Aerz y nojare , a
surMlay uz6y", Meroxrzja - ByKyurlaprah 2OI2: 194; PCAHy
I9TLIYII:274); cAoBeH. izba, MaK. (llpzaen) - eusda, pyc.
yKp. usda, qerr. jitbo ,co6a", rro.rb. izba. flonasrz vr3
cr.cloBeH. ucmtda (oa rrpacl. *justwbal. llpevra HeKHM
erzMolosvr:t'r.a pe.{ je nosajvrneHurla ur3 repMaHcK?rx, a
rrpeMa Apyfr{Ma vrs poMaHcKr4x jeszxa (yn. Oacvrep
1 9 8 6 I I I : | 2 O - I 2 L ; 3 C C f l 1 9 8 1I : 2 a 3 - 2 4 5 ) .

OnrurecnoBeHcKIa je u Ha3raB xpeJvt (cr.coe. xpatvtal,

rojra AaHac Hajveuhe o3Harr€rBa rrprcy; cAoBeH. hram
eunHa, AoM, co6a", pyc. yKp. xopoJvL, xopoJvtuHa,
"rpaf
xoporvtbl,ApBeua rqyha, srpa.r(e" (Qacvrep I97 3 I IV: 265).

Hagrzs ,xyha" la;Ma rrpacnoBeHcKo rropeKlo, arvr

Hr,rje onrrrrecloBeHcKn Ha3r4B. ,f[,anrac, y 3Har{eny
,rpafenvrna 3a )KHBor rby4r" cpehe ce caMo KoA Jyxrrrru<
CAoeeHa (6yr. tcbwa, cAoBeH. koeal. llo ceoj rpralnrlra
parruje je oea per{ o3Har{a-Banarpafeerary vTt:vrupocTopzjy
y xojoj je onsprrrrre, Fr. pyc.Araj. rcAmHutla ,,Aeo ceocKe
ryhe ucnpeA nehu". Erzuonorzja Ha3LrBa AoBoAra ce y
Be3y ca r^€rro^oM Kamamu ,,yMoTa_ButuI, cKp?rBaTH,
o4rajatz", rrrro ce 3a.r(p)Kalo y noKa,rHrrM roBopraMa

22
utcTotrue Cp6uje y rlarolraMa rcAmamu, crcgmamu
,cKpuBarra" ()ttt. Skok L972/II: 22L-2221, ulrrur ca rcAm
,JrHJrlparrTrsr.r 5[ao', rAe je 6utj,o cMeruTeHo onsutrrrTe
(3ccq L98s/L2:70-741.

Csaxaxo Aa je apxauqau Ha3raB sa r<yhy - cAxoma,

xoju ce Mo)Ke cpecrra y HeKHM cprrcKo-xpBarcKnM
HapoAHraM roBopraMa. y cpewl.la.vr rar(Be r<yhe je 6utro
oiliurure (PCKJ 1976/6: 111).

tlernopoyraoHn o6anm xyhe

Apearra r<yha, Kao craluo crztHrarrrre, no qpaBllly

je qerBopoyraoHa Sopura, roja Ha l;:aj6on;ra Haqrau
rrpeAcraBrra oprajeuraqujy y ilpocropy cBaKa crpaHa
ryhe npeAcraBrba c"Tparry cBsTa. flpeua apxeonorrrKnM
H€rnasr-rMd,Ao nojaee npo3opa Anre rryhe r(oA Crrogerrd, y
ueplroAy oa VI Ao X eexa, je 6zo oKperryr jAzA, rAe cy
BpaTa IIpeAcTaBIba/\a U LI3BOp CBeTAocTLt n TOIIAOTe
(Bafi6ypuu L983: L291. 14 r<7rF,ena KocoBy, y XIX BeKy,
yBeK cy 6rane o4perr5ire jyry (Hyuruh 1986: 105-106). AAr{,
3aRr,rcgo oA xogSur5paquje repega, ruro je cn5nraj y
6p,qcxo-nlauuucKoM uoapy.liy, frolo:raj tryhe, Kao r4 rseu
yla3, Mory 6vru u apSruc.uajeuocr€r.B/6eHr.a.

rleruopoJrrarrra o6aux rcyhe, opujenrucau y upaBr\y

ceaep-jyr uocBeAoqeH je y Heolrarcr(oM Hace/by lovrorrasa
y Bojeo4vfraur, xoje upurraAa una$oj Brart.rancxoj Ky qrpr4.
OeAe cy 3r4AoBu rpabeuu oA rrler&p&, o6nerurenur 6rrarou
c o6e crpaHe. Ty seh uMaMo rroAely yryrpafiEber

23
nposropa ryhe Ha ^rpur AeAa, rAe je cpeArst4, cd
orrsurrrreM, 6uo rAaBHlr Aeo (llenpoarah, I992l3a: 2Ol.
rleraopoyraulvl o6arax rryhe naben je y MHoTLTMKyATypaMa
HeoAr{Ta y .ullaeoj cpe4rroj Eapoura fia v y Tpuuoncroj
Iry/{Typkr Vxpajzne. 3a<ean5{yhz Ky ry rrpaRrrerba MoAeAa
ryha, Mo)Ke ce uparrrrra r.r Ebr,D(oBcrrorrHra ra3rneA. Haaute,
y oBraM rry/\Typalra na Ia y parroM MeTaAHoM Ao6y, 6u/|a je
pacupoocqparbeHa rrp€rKca Aa ce y oKBuTpy norpe6nor
r(y/\Ta y rpo6oBe ocraBlbajy ur MoAeara r<yha oA TepaKoTe.
JeAarr raKaR MoAeA r.rs Ao6a 6porrse, ca opHaMeHTraMa,
orKpIaBeH je vr y jeauoj HeKponolr.r Ha Kapa6ypuu y
Beorpa,qr (Toaoposrah L97O: 139- 145). Ilpeura
apxeolorrrKr,rM noAarr.r{Ma, Tp€rFoBra rrajmaprajvr;i^
cAoBeHcKr.D( craHurrrra Ha Eaaxarry, raxofe yKa3yjy Ha
qerBopoJnaorry ocHoBy ryha (yn. Mrarouresrah 1997: 24-
108). Ko,q llarurpograha y Ilpsoj fopra, Ka/Ia ce roque ca
fpa,4rrovr rqyhe, uajcropu saxouajy rnaBy nerla uoA
[pBr,rM KaMeHorvr rojra craRe na je4arr o4 rcyhnv*<. Aznoea.
9upr ce sra4oBrz AoBp[re, ,qovra-hr4H Kor6e 6para Ha Bpxy
rryhuor Azna xoju je Ha .rlecnoj srpaHv oA yna3a u uolurBa
ra Br{Hovt (Byr<rvrarrosrah1960: 3621.

Y sr. pycKoM jesar<y je4na oA o3u€lKa 3a qyhy jecte

o!"b,n'b (gzon'al (Cpesner,ct*tia 1903/III: 1141), rAe ce
uorep[fe rpeAcrana o rqyhra Kao yrlacroj rpabeeunra. Y
je4nou pycKoM Lr3pa3y, roju ce ra3roBapa npLUtvKoM
nujema BoTKe ce Ka>Ke: ,Bes rrerbrpex yrloB us6a He
cTpor.rrcs" (Heua r<yhe 6eg .rerupra hourxa) (Tonc'rofi 2003:
269-2821. y Aolry KoA Hsro.rnru< Closena nocroju
uoce6arr Jirao, r4e cr4jvr urKolaa, t<ojra ce rra3r4Ba rcpacruuft

24
A?oJr,ur\u rryhrur cBerra 5nao (rcgmnuil. ceamoil. gzonl. To je
MecTo rAe 3a BpeMe pJ II(a ulr\ul y IIopoALIqHIaM
cBe.r€lHocrraMa ce4la .qouahrarr ullrvr ce ry uocraBna
yrleAHrr rocr. Ilope4 ocr€rlor, KaAa orgrnajy u o6yrqy
uorojrrraKa y Cuoaencroj o6aacrz craunqiy ra Aa Ae)Ku Ha
rv\ymr y roM yr y ryhe ,nroA Borao (Tj. ucrroA zxone)
(floxoponnrrfi o6ps4 2OO3/2: 25). Koa Cp6a yrao rryhe je
c>(Bararr Kao nepraSepHut [pocrop ryhe. Y aecxoBaqr(oM
Epajy, rrocAe nopo[aja, x(eny-uopoAriuby cy cMerura/\Lt y
jeaarr yrao je4,rro4enne r<yhe, xojra je 6rao uperpa$eu
qepraMa (Dopbesrah 1958: 821. Ha Ba,q,rre Beqe, 6utra je
ruupoKo pacrpocrparseHa rrpaKca y Cp6a, Aa ce y
yrnoBr4Ma ryhe ocrannajy opacu (nepoearrro Kao BuA
yrorrIhaearba ceoj rc< rrpe4axa) .

Cynpomto oA Tora, Mr,rroAoruKa 6uf;.a ueuajy AoM

ca qerrapra hourra. Taxo, npeMa je4noM pycKoM rrpeAar$y,
HeKH MoM€rK je xreo Aa Br4AH rAe ce ro srawur caKpr4Ba
AecHraK (pyc. neutuill,q'. nryucKn ,ADL flonrao j" y uyl,ry 4.
orcro6pa, Ke,r(a ce oH crrpeMa y caoj sr4MoBrrraK.AecrrraK ra
je o,4aeo Ao cBor 6opaaurrrra, rra KaAa je uouax ro Br4Aeo,
peKao uy je: oKaxna ru je ro ryha? Hanra rcyha, 6pare
Moj, vnlr.a qerr.rpu houtxa, KpoB r.I rroA. VIl.r.a y Kyhra neh,
rAe AeIIa Aex<e, uD/ra.upeqpa.Q/ rAe ce cnaBa ca )KeHoM,
urma rvgme, rAe r\ocrr4 ceArry. A y tuojoj rryhu - Hu AHa, Hr{
norq)rrBxe" (HoButqKoBa 1995: 4321 .

25
 Tsnosn ryha

CrarroeHrarlrr bep4,ancKof noApy.rj y, drtrazy,Ilyna-aa

(Aeuenct*tBrap), y,.qrroM rrepr4o,ry oA IX go V uranerrerjyua
npe HoBe epe, cy4ehu rro apxeolorrrKnM Hanasvtlr.a, Hracy
Ilo3HaBa^rlr BepTraKa/lHe 3r4AoBe, seh cy ceoja cT€r}IraruTa
ryaAH H c JrKorueHLTM 3r4AoBr{Ma, Tj. c KpoBoM xoju
HeuocpeAHo HaAe)Ke Ha ocHoBy. Taj yr{rqparurira,
orpaSenu rpocrop vrv.ao je Burrre o6arx Kpyra urrrvr
Tpoyr a, jep ce rcyha c)cBar€rna r(ao crvroHrarrrre, rrorryr
nehune. V ry seh zrMaMo cra6zarry 4raSepeuqujaqujy
yr{rtprurbocrt4 r<yhe: Ha r+raroeoj cpeAr4Hra rrala3vlo ce
KaMerSeM orpabeHo onir4rrrre, a vrca riera cy rtocraRrbaHe
cKy rt5pe Be3arre 3a peruril{jcKn r(y r rvD(.,
p€rHoxoAorIeHcKr.DCcTaHoBHrar(a. ApxrarerfTypa Aenerrcror
Bupa je opuuaualHa r{ rbeu pasuoj je ayroHoMaH (PJZ
1979lll: 38). To naso4ur Ha rrperilocr€r.BrV aa je uon<4a
peq o cuequSrirrrHoM sraHurrrry BesarroM 3a pelr.rrrdcrcr
xrIrBsT paHruD( cTaIIoBHurKa Ha 4arraurmoj repraropzjra
ceBporacrotrue Cp6uje, a rHMe je n lbraxoBa lpaArra drztta
pa3^Ltqr.rTaoA yo6rvajeHe, nposarre, Tor BpeMeHa.

flpeua npuqu us oKoAr4He Aecxosqa HeKaAa cy

IbyALr xcnBenv y fipvrlr:vrrvrBrrrzrM rrrrrzbacrr{M r<yharvra, cd
oKpyrloM ocHoBoM, roje cy 6ute roKplrBeHe crrojeu
narrparu z 6ycerseM TpaBe, xoje cy Ha3uB€rrre dgcapuuqe.
Bpme cy H€l HK ca4arrrrbr4M croqapcr*rM xolz6a-ura y
ul€rrrt4Hra K5rxanwry - 6gcapa^tura.(lopfeeuh 1958: 79l., y
Mero:orju ruurba. (Byrgruraprah 2Ol2: 6921, y fllrsra
dgdupoz (faroeuh 2OO4: 56), y Bojeo4ranu - rcAnaqa.
Bepoaarrro, A? je pe.r o rrpr4BpeMeHraM crvroHr4rrrrrrMa 3a

26
Ily!.e,6es rrpo3opa, roja cy Morlra 6pso, n ca Ma.Ao
cpeAcTaBd, Ad calvrla HaqraHe.

lllegAeceTrD( roAraHa rrporrrlor BeKa y racro.rrroj

Cpdrajra ce MorAa rrJrfl,r npuqa craparra, Ad ce rro
Ka3HBaILy r5I,I>(OBr.I)(X(?IBIa>( IIpeAaKa rreKa,II? )KIABeAO y
eadojuuqalua. flo caoj upra rrqra r€rKBe qFhe cy ilpaBrrene
oA "ea6oj{, TJ. sr4AoBa oA ulereuor upyha (na ce y
Tuuo.n<oj xpajnuur uasueqjy npghnpe, y Meto><ujn
rTnomape urupr rrJlomtbaue), rrer4e nJremtbalte. Ose ryhe cy
fiorq)uBeHe cnaJvoJv. cehaEe Ha raKBe rryhe ga6eaex<eHo
je u y oKolurrrz AecKoBrIa, oA r:y4vr pofenm xpqieu XIX
BeKa: y IIIuruaHrIe a Mu Aerla 6ecrvro M€rAerIKH.
"Aobouo
Hervra srpa4a a rarKo y3e ceKr4py, orceqe KoArIra laadra ru y
3eMrby rra r4c[AeTe rrlor... sa .r'c Aoborvro Ao ryhy"
(bopbeeuh 1958: 80). Pag;ra crar5pHocTra vr qJrBar$a
TOIIAOTe, HO M€[AOM pa3M€lKy IIAeTeHa Cy ABa IIAOTa a OHAa
je uonprrruua raglrebu lbrax uorrJrrsaBaHa6narou. Y Ba.n<oj
r<yha, wtjra cy sri4or;vr oA 6nara, Ha3raBa ce na6ojut4a
(PcrB2oosl5:t221.
Kyhe nlorape, ilAeTape 3€tlleHr-ure cy r<yhe
qaffrrrdpe (uw uanc"uapel (us ryp. iatma,ApBeHu 3r4A oA
rpeAa, oHo uro je cnojeno, cacranrbeHoo (Skaljic L9792
166). One najveurhe uuajy reMerb oA KaMeHa, Ha KoMe ce
noctaelrajy xoprasoHTalHe (rervre.tra.re) u BepraKalue
lpeAe (aupeqz). Ilpocrop ueuefy Ar{peKa onlereu je
npyheu a sarfiM rrpeMesraBaH 6na:rort, [paB/beHraM oA
rN4He ca AoAarKoM claMe. Ose rcyhe, rqpajeu XIX vr
uoqsrKoM XX BeKa 3aMeHvAe cy rqyhe ,coeaHultaprce. y
oBraM rcyhaua 3r4AoBr.IHr.Icy o4 upyha, eeh cy Ha rpeA€rMa,

27
ca cnolbHe Ia yl{)rTpaflllse cTpal{e I4cKoBaHe KoBaHIaIIe -
TaHKe fpeAurle oA pacrronyhenru< o6nraqa. Ilpoc-rop
usvrefy KoB€rrrlrua rryrleH je B€ubrrr.rMa oA cBex(e
flpunpeM/leHe rlr{He H3Me[rar{e nAeBoM. Harorr rora
svrp.oBvrce npeMa3yjy TArzHoM c je4ne r{ 3Apyre crpaHe ra
Kpeqe (saro cy cBe raKBe 4yhe 6ene). ?T Aauac MHorra
rby4r y celr,rMa )KHBe y rar(BraM rcyharvra. IIo npaBur y
oBaKBercyhe noKpr4Baue cy heparvua4oM, Kacrruje qperroM.

Aoxaam a rp a4vfirrrj a rzz6op a vrare pzj ala 3a fp aArsy,

Kao r{ Trzrr rcyha, saBvrcvrr\vrcy oA npr4poAHor oKpJDKerLa r4
KN{MarcKax ycloBa. Y ur5rvroBkrrvrM rrpeAeruavra rpa$erre
cy ryhe oA ApBera (6peruape, y Tavrovxoj xpajuna
6penuqel, HeKaA rroKpr,TBaHe KopoM ApBera rzr:uzrng6ott",
ra ce naeueajy ngdape, ngdrcaqe. Tpajnzja rroKpuexa je
6utxa oA AacaKa, T3B. utut+dpa urlvr utunna. Y oKoruaHra
I,Inanraqe, rcyhe oA ApBera cy rroKpr4Barre TaHKHM
rrloqaMa, xoje cy eabeHe vs rvraj4arra y roM Kpajy. Ao
Harrrux AaHa 3aApx(ale cy ce ApBeHe rcyhe rroKpr4BeHe
cAaMoM (unp. y ce^y UpHa lna-ea na KonaoHHKy). llpeua
cBeAoqerry Jarrzhuja llouoeraha, 1891. foALrHe rra Kocoey
u Meroxrajrr cBe cpncKe rryhe cy 6une rroKpuBeHe cAaMoM
AraMEsaK(llonoeuF. 1987:86).
uuujegHa nraje vr:r.r.arua

Bpara

Hagvs epama AoAa3H oA KoHsrpyKrvje oBof

3acnoHa. Yvrec:ro MeralHr{x urapKa, parruje cy Bpara
vrMa a rra jeanoj crpaHra, y fopr$eM vr AorbeM AeAy,
KOAeHr4rracTo [r3A)DKerbe, Ha KoMe cy ce epmeJla
npralt4KoM orBaparba H 3arBaparsa. y pycKoM jesur<y

28
Ha3rlrBoDl eopoma osHaqaBa ce KaIIlIja, MaAa ce Ha ceBepy
Bcerje oAp)K€rAo r.r 3Ha.rerse ,Bpara Ha r<yhra". Y pycrou je
rrpeoBna4ao Ha3HB 3a o6ra.rrra Bpara - deepa, cT. cAoB.
Aya/\ deupru (auoxpznna npata), qerr. dueii, 4ox je KoA
Cp6a raj nasnB rrocTao apxaus€lM (deepul, vtrrer ce rbr4Me
o3HaqaBajy cpeAria Bpara Ha raKoHocracy y r1pr<alt, TsB.
,qapcKe p;nepra". Hasus je y Be3r{ ca deop ,oHo urro je
ucrrpeA xyhe", rj. oruopeun npocTop. Y pycrow Ha deope,
3Haqra ,Harorby". Y rrergrur 6anrra.rrgru jeszqvrwa, Kao vl
cprrcKoM Lt HeKHM Apyfl{M cAoBeHcKHM jeeraqraua,
Korqerrr do"u/ eat+ do"va, o3HaqeH je orro3r.Iqerjou
do*t/ norbe - cpn. HanorbA, norb. na pole (wJl'Sc) (yr.
Heuorgrru+rfi I976: 77l'. y ?nrAoeBporrcKoM o3HaKa
* dhwer- jarrra ce y 3Haqersy usue[y
lpaHr.Irle
ylrJrrpar.IrsocTur n cnorb€r.[rHoc"Tyl, car^eAarre r{3tryTpa
ouosrzqutja domi: foris ,y r<yhut: Harrolby" (Beneeuracr
2OO2: 196). Hagras rcanuja y cprrcKou jeerarry npeAcr€rBrla
uosajunqr r.r3r5rpcxor (kapl.

y craprrM cprrcKkrM rcyhaua najveurhe cy 6utta

4eoja c[o]bHa Bpara - rA€lBHa ra cuopeAHa. Cuopeg,rra cy
cl5rrKrrla ea HohHo nsta)Kelbe yrqyharra, Kao v sa 6e>xarse
y cny.rady onacHocTr4.

Ilposopn

Hasr,rB nposop y Be3r.rje ca rleAarseM - rracrao je

oA rlaroua spemu "rAe4,arr.r', pyc. orcHo, o4 "oxo" (*oko-
tno). Oryaa u BepoBalLe Ha Kocouy, ar(o ce 3asr4Aa

29
rrpo3op Ha r<yhra, HeKo he vrs qyhe JrMperH (Tj. 3ayBeK
3arBopr{Trzo.ua) (Kocoecra Karvrerruqa) (ByxaHoeuh 200 1 :
231.
flposop je xacno yrrrao y Ky/\Typy rpaberba r<yhe u
3aro je cna6o 3acTyrubeH y o6pe4noj rpaKcu. y
rocloBrrrraMa xoje je o6januo Byr Kapagzh Bpara ce
cnoMlalsy 28 rryra, a rrpo3op - rruje4,norvr.

Ilperua erlrolorrrr<:zrM upeAartrz'Ma r6yAe cy Bor unrkr

cBerr4 Casa HaJrqrznr4Aa orBapajy npo3ope (xaaa cy Kao
[yrHLrrII4 xo4a]\u rro 3eMlbr4 vr 3aBprrraBalra ypefzearse
caera). llpe rofa cy, KaKo ce HaRoAra y npeAarsy, rby4vt
cBerlosr perrreroM yHocranu y qyhy.

y rrorrerKy je orBop npo3opa 3arBapzrH TaHKoM

roeefou Kox{oM, a pa4lz' crzrypHocTu vr rroMHr{HoM
AacKoM. Ha nzrarrvrmurfonrajz (c. ftrano), craprajz. rrynu ce
14 AaHac cehajy KaKo cy HeKa,q ycr<:or npo3opra r<yha
3arBapaHu T€THKHMrrpoBvr4nvrMjynehavr Ko)KaMa, xoje je
rpe6aao rrrrrrrrarrr Aa Lrx He noje4y MaqKe. y XIX u
rloqerKovr XX Berqy, MHore ryhe y Cp6ujvr Ha rrpo3opr.rMa
cy I,IMaAeJrMecTo cTaKna fran}Ip.

Y r,rsro.+roj XepueroBr4Hz, y rypcKo BpeMe, rpafene

cy ryhe oA KaMeHa, alr4 6es upo3opa, eeh cy caMo rrMale
,rreHuepuTrle",ycKe orBope y svpy, Kpo3 xoje je ynaavno
MaAo cBernosrrr. ,,Cejernocr je [yrrrraHa rrorna-BuTo Kpo3
Bpara" (Mnhoezh 1952:731. Kot Kyva y Ilpsoj fopn, cae
Ao rror{erKa XX BeKa nocrojaae cy r<yhe cncLlvtHutle
(cnasrutaue), rpabeHe oA noMrreHof KaMer^a u rroKpr,rBeHe

30
 cAaMoM, Koje HeMajy co6a Hero je uela rcyha je4no
oAerberbe. Hzje 6utto r*;urrrpaBrax [po3opa, aeh c€rMo no
jeaarr vr\ur ABa MaAa orBopa (Ep4enarroeuh L9O7: 2481. VI
y rrrporcKoM Kpajy, ttnKa nuje rz:nr.ar\arrposope seh Marre
Wr:lz: ,I4x<aje nonyrvrpa.rna jep
oTBope, r4e je Morao rzlerz..h:la
rawa calro je4no rposopqe y Br.rl5/ orBopa (rconrco da ttoace
Jvaqrca da gnesruel npI'I Bp>ry ceBepHot uwu HcTorrHof 3r4Aa,
xojz roM€uKe yrv\aruarsy grama" (3aamosrah 2000: 116). I,I
y oKorurrrrir Aecxosqa crapa r<yha LrarMapa, noKpraBeHa
cAaMoM, rrraje r,rM€rla npo3ope: ,Ilposopa srrje 6vttto, Hefo
cy ocr€rBrb€rHe y 3raAy uo je4,na rarvr ABe pyrre, roje cy,
roToBo yBeK, 6ute 3ar5rrrreue KprraMa. Kacnrzje cy re pJme
AenrbeHe 6enou xaptujour (,neruJep^ujou"), xoja je drztra y
ynotpe6u cBe Ao I92O. roAraHe y MHon{M rqyharvra Ha
cerryn(lopfeauh 1958: 81).

Yrrag y Kyhy Kpo3 Bpara je pernaueHTupaH, a Kpo3

rrposop vr AvrMEb€rKHeperlaMeHTktpaH (uory yhn u rzeafiut
Berrrrr,rrre, Balrrupv, ToAopqu rarA.).3a6par5eHo je
6aqar+e BoAe uIIruIorrraAaKa Kpo3 rrpo3op.

Orrnmre/ueh

Apyru ll3Bop rorrlore r-r cBerlo clrLt y r<yhlr 6rzna je

eampa Ha o?tburuma, vrrrvr y 3r4AaHraM nehrarvra, o6z.rrro
cMerrrreuraM Ha ceeept+oj cmpaHu, cJrurporHo oA ylasurlD(
Bpara. ,Hzjepllra KyqKa r<yha rre c€[Mo cA€rMHr{rIa Hero ur
cBr.D(Apynrx Bpcra HeMa AraMrsaK" (Epaenanograh I9O7:
2481. floruro onirarrrre rrzje Morlo 6ralt nocr€rB/beHo y3
caM sra1 rcyhe, xoju je y panujoj nocroj6urru 6rz.o oA

31
ApBeTa, orlslzluTe Je AeAIaAo yI{/TparIrIsI4 llpoc-Top Ha
npeArsra n sarubr Aeo (3arrehax).

flpevra yAa3HrzM BparlrMa u orubr4rrrry, y roM

rrpocropy ce Morna pa3ru4KoBarr4 AecHa (nryruxa) ra neea
(xcencxa) crparra r<yhe. Ha neeoj crpaurz crpeMaHa je
xpaHa, o6aelrarru x(eHcKLr rrocnoBra (npe4erre 14TKar6e) u
qyBaHa MaAa AerI?, a Ha 4ecrroj ce o6e4,oBalo, caBeroBalo
ra rrpuMarrvt rosrrd. Cse uro je 6utto Hex(erreHo vwz ca
HracKHMcrarycoM cMerrrraHo je usa ofrburrrra ulv nehra.
Ory,q" u rrocnoBr,rqa: 3eao za Ha qe.cm, e" nocaduo za sa
neh (Kapauuh L987: IL2l. Y cpncKHM ryhaHa rra Kocoey
(XIX rroqeraK XX eexa), ro 3eM/6ar{oM rroAy oA yna3Hr,rx
Bpara rra Ao cpeAr,rHe co6e je 6l,z'ta nocraBrreHa
fiperpa,qvqa - ,,rtepAe", Merap BracoKa. Oa re nperpe/r.e Ha
r4cToK rrpyx(€r a ce rpeAa nopeA onsLrruTa cBe Ao
racror{Hor rqyhuof 3r4Aa. Ha roj fpeArz ceAe MyrrrKaprrr4, rra
ce oHa Ha3prBa ,,MyLuKa" Lu\ur,,BeAraKactpanta". CynpoTHa
rboj jecre x(eHcKa c'TpaHa, vr raMo croje rpoHox(He
cronr.rqe(Hyuzh 1986: 105-IO7).

Bearrra rr Ma^a co6a

Oa AecHe crpaHe je4,noco6nor rcyhrror rrpocropa

o4eajameu rosrr4HcKe co6e, rAe cy upupefr,rB€rHe cBe
rAaRHe r<yhHe cBeqaHocrr{ v rrpraMaHlr foc'Tt4 (xprurerre
Aerera, cea,46a, rrocMprHu o6pe4,ra, cna.ea), pa3Brala ce
ABoAeArra ryha. Oaeojesy npocropujy, xoja ce qesro
Ha3r{Ba ee.nurca co6a Barrre Huje Morlo 3arpeBarr.r

32
orrbrarure, rra ce oHa gvnfiuq uo rrorpe6ra earpeBa/\a nouohy
nehra.

Cau Ha3raB ,co6ao, KaKo ce cMarpa, Aorrrao je ras

ua$apcxor (szobal, rrrro je raHaqe 3ua.rr-u\o ,rreho,
,rrpocTopraja y xojoj je neh". Hasus coda y 3Haqersy orreh",
3aAp)Kao ce y 65napcxou noBopy cela Illzpoxa A'xa
@eauucxo). Oas4ia:seu yla3Hor AeAa r<yhe y noce6rry
rrpocropuJy - xoAHraK, crBopeua je TpoAeAFra r<yha, xoja je
Ao 19. BeKa 6rzna u Hqjnraue pacupocTparbeua Ha
Eaaxarry (yn. Mepranrep 1899: 188- 189). I4^rr ce rr€rK
,aeBan crpaua ABoAeAFre r<yhe Aetvltra fi T€lKo je ao6njeHa
noce6na upocropuja, roja je uocle csaA6e AaRaHa
MAaAo)Kerbu vr t+errcaoj HeBecrv r4 qecro ce Hasur,a fitaJla
co6a. y HeKraM rryhaua ry cy Ap)KaHe pesepBe xpaue
(uacr, 6el.ra MPC, 6parrrgel u71111
cag,{111u ca oAehou.

XoprooxTaarra H Beprrrrre.ana rroAeae npocropa

xyhe

Ceuarrruxa rqyhnor npocropa Mox<e ce

aHaAI{3Iitp aT|n IIo XOpHsoTITaALI I4 BepTLIKa/IV.

llo xoprrsoHTa/\H zeaaajqjy ce npn (apara),

np@opu, o?rbltrume u A?rloeu. Moxce ce paslrrKoBaru
npedrca n sadba Kao v decna u Jteea crparra. KoR
Hc"ro.uuor Caoserra oA srravaja je u ys.qDr<rrarpeAa xoja
Ap)Krr uaa$on rcyhe, roja ce y pycKoM Ha3raBa*ramutla.

33
 IIo BeprrzKarrvr, pasnrarg4'e ce rpocrop rAe ce
6opaeu v cfraBa, 3ar[rM foprblz maeaHcrcu v Aorbu
nodpgttc,cu rrpocrop.

II p ae vrare p zj azrueyj e lp aHrrr{y u srvref y yrryrp aru rb eI

(sareopeHor, ceor) rrpocropa r<yhe Lr cnorrarrrlLer
(oreopeuor, ryfer) v c:,zvr6ortvrcyjeroqeraK r{ Kpaj: rpeKo
upara ce yHocr4 HoBopoben.re y ryhy (axo ce x(eHa
rropoAr4la Barr qfhe) , vwpr Aere rrocne Kprrrrerba y qpKBrz,
u I43HocH norojHzx. Ha npary rroqurbe ryrr cBaKor
nojeAznqa us rcyhe, a rrprr rroBparrry Ty ce 3aRprxaRa.
3aro [par vr:l..naBer:uzrr<r4pr4TyalHkr srravaj u rroAnex(e
o4pefenrau sa6paHaMa.

Ha KocoBy cy HoBopofenve, rpe yHorrrerla y rqyhy

1uv.laBarvrBoAoM ur3 pyrre HclpeA rrpara. Ka,qa Mna,qa
KpeHe vrc ryhe ceojzx poArrrerba rrzje noBnaqvle Hofe
npeKo rrpara, Aa He 6ra npeHena 6orarcrBo y Apyry ryhy.
Ka,qa HeBecra Aobe npeA rcyhy Mna^ox(eEbe JrBer<ce rpeA
rrparoM o4eraja HeKH pHTyaA: Hnp. MAaAa Ma)Ke resroM
ropEr.r flpar 14AoBpaTax, 6y6a ilpal, yAapa HoroM Y nPil,
ytarz c xne6ovr y pyKaMa, rpecKar{e rrpar, yHoce j. y qyhy
L rc A . ( y n . B o c u h 1 9 8 9 - 1 9 9 0 1 3 2 : 2 7 2 1 .

3a6parueno je ceAerr4 Ha npa-ry 4yhe, cehz Apea,

pyKoBaru ce upeKo npara. flperua rreKaM noAarlurMa y
frporrr^osTr{ cY, [opeA ocTa^or, caxparsurBa Lr yMp^y
HeKprureHy Aer\y vr lz'crro4 npala qyhe.

Ozttuutme je rreHTpalHo Mecro nopoArarrHof r(y/\Ta.

flopo4tzrla y AecxoeaqKoM Kpajy Ha3r4Bazra ce v ,AOMU,

34

L
 ,rcyhau, ,ortbLfirffeo, ,frerrelrit[rreo. Aeo6a poAoBa oA
je.qnor rrperKa Ha3r4BaHa je ,oA je4nor nerrelwrrrag
(Dopbeszh 1958: 150). Y o6aaern lftase (y Ilpuoj lopu),
ot:rbrarrrre, Kao vr Aov', Hasraeqiy ce rLnoqa. (aepoaarrro rro
ToMe ruro je nonlorrarro): oHe Mope MeHe HraKo
sarronraje4aru Ha rraojoj rlo.flru (faroerah 2OO4: 191). y
oKoAraHH Bpana sa rropoAra/by ce KatKe "na,quala y
neilel", 3aTo ruro je 6lao crapr{ o6uvaj Aa ce x(eHa uopaba
rropeA onbr,rlrra. Taxobe, HoBopoberr.re je rrpBu rryr
rqmaHo rropeA omburrrra Aa ce "apxce 3a AoM, Aa He cr(HTa
K'A nopacHe" (Crojarr.resrah I97 4 I LX.X.){'II: 416, 4 18).

Orrgvune Mox<e cvnt6ottu3oBarrr )KeHcKH upr.Iuurirr.

Y Bocma (fepsouo) na Maaz Bo:r<uh uehy Kolaq "ra.rzrryra
BoAy Ha por, u fiplll roM rarajy. Axo ila,(He raKo Aa My je
,Iturge" (uapa) Npe, sreoue KpaBe he orerurrr4 tdyrrrKo,
aKo rope 6y4e ,orubr4rrrreo - )KeHcxo (lleho 1925: 3711.

KaA HeBecra ybe y ryhy y Alarcrrzr\u c rop6oM y

xojoj je xrre6, :rene joj y3My top6y 14 Aajy y pyr(e HoBra
seMzbaHu u6pw< rryH BoAe, r.r oHa c roM BoAoM aa.ra rryra
o6l.ztagrz orlbrltrure u c€r.rrarbe ce re crfira rro M€lAo BoAe y
Aorqe fiopeA Barpe. KaA roA cr4ua BoAe y AoHar\, oHa
rrorleAa rope y Avrv'rsax (Hrzrconrah1910: 2251.

Ka"q yMpe qoBeK, racltla ce Barpa Ha ou.rurrrry r.I

xpaHa ce cnpeMana KoA cyceAa. To je oracnu rreprroA
Ke,r(a ce ,errrra noxojnvxa jour ruaje y rrorrrJrHocru
o4,eojrarra oA cBora reua u cBor 6ragruer AoMa. laurer+e
Barpe je BepoBarHo jeaarr o6nra< [beHe 3arrrrrtre oA
rroBpeAe, rpe Heno ruro oHa vgabe us ryhe. Mo:rcAa u

35
3arBaparse pu3rarrHor ,,rfyra" roju BoAra Kpo3 ofrsurrrre y
oHosTpaHr4cBeT.

JeAna oA 3aKlerBra KoA Cp6a, 6utvaje: ,,Taxo MH ce

ofrsurrrre uojovr KpB/6y He yracvrlou (KaparJlah 1987: 276).

lusrutarcoJvt ce ycrrocraBrra Be3a ursvrefy

yr{yrpatulber }r crrorlHof, rasvrefy rre6ecxor H 3eMarbcKor.
Ibuue ce Ha oqurneAarr HaqrzH pealz3yje "oca cBera" (axis
mundl, je4arr oA yHrzBep3alr{rzx xnacuSaKaropa y
Kylrypu MHofrax HapoAa cBera. Y Meroxvtju, Ka,rr.ce 3HAa
AIzMIrar(, o6anesuo Baiba 3aKlarr.{ rrerna (PagJmosrah
1 9 8 8 :3 1 9 ) .

Ha eraAAr4MrLaKa KaqrrAH cy Hore vl\Lr rnaBy rrr-rlera

,MapTLIH.{eTa" Aa Ty BUICl,z KaO 3aIIITHTa rcyhe OA
Hex(erbeHr,rxAeMoHcKHx roc"rujy. llpevra BepoBarby vrs
| ,,
Bojeo4une, AeMoHH modopqu Mory yht Kpo3 AraMrsaK l ' l

ToKoM To4,opoee HeAe/Ee vr Ka3Hrarra x(eHe xoje uohy

rpeAy zara rxajy.

Ilpexo AI,rMlbaKa Mox(e ce oc'TBaprzTrz u

cuvt6ot*tqKa Kor\dJrHvxarlvja c rrperlr{vra. Y HeKHM cenrzMa
Cpenaa Kar.a HeBecry yBery y MnaAo)r{erbraHy rryhy,
cBeKpBa je npBo oABoArrAa rroA orBopeu Ar{MrbaK Aa
rrofleAa Kpo3 r$era. llouno je sa6opaRr6eH rrpaBrl cMurcao
Te o6pe4rre paArre, Ka)iKe ce Aa ce To qurr:ur, KaKo 6u
HeBesra raMala rlpHoMarlacTy Aer\y (Boczh 1989-
1990I 32: 2721.

Arzur+ax, a Tr,rMe vr ,ocy cBera" Mory

uareprajalr{3oBarr{ gepuze, yfl. 3aroHeTKy vI3

36
Xep{eroBuue: I-[pt+o qpujeeo tts rue6a eucu (Muhoeuh
L952: 354). Y Tetosy, KaAa Aouahrarr upoAa r<yhy, oH
crLTAa vrs ofraKa BepuTne, ruTo 3uaqra Aa je ,caMo ryhy
rrpoAao a He ra cpehy' (flporvh L937:45).

Taear+ je roprsra uepu$epHrr rpocrop. 3a6erre)r(eH

je cna"q6euu o6ra.raj y Ma.rsrr, rAe ce cBeKpBa, cJrlpa {aH
rro BeHqar$y, uerse Ha raBau ur rarpa (Pa4ocaslresrah
1899: 246-2471. Baunrap, KaAa ce Bparu y ceojy 6unury
rcyhy, naj.reruhe nohy AJ[ra Ha TaRar+y.

flpeua BepoBarsy rae Meroxr4je, KaA ce poAr{ rrpBo

M5/ruKo Aere, Barlla oc Jr[IrrJ/Tri, j"p ra,(a r1eo 4poB
rrrKpufirur oA pa4ocTr4 (Pa,qruosuh 1988: 320).

ITodpgnje ,qoruu uepz$epu?r npocrop H Kao rarffrB

rronoAau sa xou5nurcaqujy c oHocrpauraM cBeroM, upe
cBera c ilper1raMa. Hajveuhe cy MAa,r(eFrrILtcsober+u y
uoApyM. flpeua pycKrrM AeMoHoAoruKraM rrpeAarsvrma
rq)o3 uoApyM, Kao rrpeABopje ouocrpauor cBera, Mox(e ce
rlr44erfi cgaA6a 4,eaojre Kojy je uajxa uporvrela, ua jy je
3aro oAHeAa Heqr4cra cu a. Y aap4i€rr{TaMa rrpzrroBeAar(a
r4 upeAarsa ca MorrirBoM ,,K€rKo ce npecT€rAo ca y6zjarseur
crapaqao, Hecro curr carfpraBa oqa y [oApyM, vB Kora oH
rbelry Aaje MyApe caBere.

/\nreparypa:

Bafi6ypurr A. K. 1983. 8fttnuute e odpedax u

npedcmaeJleHtt tx eocmoqHux ctlaeflH, Aeuurrrpaa 1983.
Beuaeuucr, Euuzr 2OO2 Peqruurc urudoeeponcrcu)c
AcmaHoea:npuepeda,cpodcmeo, dpgutmeo, eJlacm, npaeo,
petunuja; npeBeo c SparrrrycKof A. Aovra, Cpevrcrcz
Kapnoeqz-HosrzCaa 2OO2.

Boczh, Mrzzra1989-1990. o)Kerna46erlr-o6:zuaj:zKoA Cp6a

y Cpeuy", Pad BojeofiaHcrcuxnyseja 32, Hoew Cat.

Bytcyr,rr,rpprh,Mzasra 2OL2. Peqruurc ?oeopa ceeepHe

Memonle, Beorpa,q: CAHY.

Byrarroezh, Tarorvrup 2OOI. Eruqurcnoneduja ruapodr+oz

zKueoma, oduuaja u eepoeatba A Cp6a Ha Kocoeg u
Memonlu, Beorpa^.

Byt<uarroevh,Josarr 19 6 0. II aumpo euhu, I{erzrre .

faroeuh, Ceero3ap 2OO4. ,IAg AeKcHKe lftaee (cezro

Bes11'e)",Cpncru dujanercmoJlolurcus6opruurcLI, Beorpa,a
2004: CAHy.

lopfeaah, fl,par5ruun 1958. ,)Kueor u o6:zruaj:r,Hapo1Hpry

Aecxonavroj Mopa-eu", Cpnctan emHozpaQcrut sdopruurc
LXX , Beorpa^.

EpAerraHoerah,Joearr l9O7 . ,Kyr'*r, nneMe y Ilpsoj fopr.r",

Cpnaat emHozpaQaan sdopuurcVIII, Beorp aa : CAHy.

3natxoezh, flparoruy6. 2000. ,,I.I]Ka", TnacHurc

EmuozpaQcrcozuHcmumAma CAHy XLIX, Beorpa4: 1 15-
118.

KaparJerh, B5rx. 1987 . Cpncrce ruapodrue nocnoeutle I

Ca6paHaAeAa Byra Kapagrzha, xrs. IX, Eeorpa^.

38
Meprarrrep P. 1899. ,fl5r.nca rryha y Eocnrn vr
XepqeroBufrauro,fnau+urc 3auatacrcoa Capajeeg
"vgseja A
XI:187-235.

Mrarrorrrenvh, lop4,aHa 1997. Cmauoealbe A

cpedrcoeercoenoj Cp6uju, Apxeonorrr(H HHcTrffyT, floce6rra
ra3Aarba,Klib. 33, Beorpa4.

Mzhosnh, .lby6omkrpL952. o)Kunor u o6uvajra flonoBarlao,

Cpncr<raenrorpa$cKt4 e6opnrax L)il/: CAHy.

Heuorgrru*rfi A. n.1976. Banmo-ceeepHocJtaeflHcrcue

frr'l,,rcoau,eceflsat, Kraee.

Hraxonrah, Baa,qraurap 1910. ,Vg A5nrnuqe H HuuraBe",

Cpnoat emHo?paQoansdopr+urcXVI, Beorpa,q.

Hosra.ucosa T. A. 1995. Pgcaanit dauor+onozurecrcu:il

cllo eapb, Canrxr-Ierep6ypr.

Hyuruh, Eparuacl€r.B 1986. Kocoeo: (onuc se&Lrbe u

a), Beorpart:,IlpocBsra".
ruapod

flerposurh J. 1992. ,Ap><rmeKrypa r<yhe 4 sa foMoAaBr4",

Pad BojeofiaHcrcux"ugeeja34, HoaraCaA: L9-32.

Ieho, 6y6ourap 1925. ,Odrauajrav BepoBarbaursBocHeo,

CpncranemHozpa@oane6opruurcXXXII.

llonosuh, Jarrahuje 1987. )I(ueom Cp6a ua Kocoeg (1812-

1 9 12), Beorpa4: oKrrra*reBHenoBr.rHe".

Ioxoponnrrfi o6pa1 2OO3/2. ,floxoporrr+srfi o6pa4. flaa.ul

ur rIoMI4H€lAbHbIe cTvDiJito, c.,uoneuqanil JuagblrcaJlbHo-
smHozpaQuuectanil. c6opnttrc, T. 2, Mocr<sa.

39
flpmzh Ib. VI. 1937. ,,HeKrz o6rzuajla oKo KJmoBr{He,
upo4aje fi TpaMre", Tnacruurc Emruozpa@crcoz*tgseja A
BeoepadyXII.

PaAocagneeuTh )K. M.1899. ,,CBeKpBa Ha raBar{/",

Kapayuh I, Anexcr4Harl.

Pa4lnroeuh, MuaopaA 1988. Ocmana je peq. Cpncrce

uapodue AJilomeopuHe us Memoxuje, BeorpaA: CK3.

PCAHy I97I. Peqruurc cpncrcoxpaamcrco? rctbu)KeaHoz u

uapoduozjesurca, T. 7, BeorpaA: CAHY.

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PJZ L979. Prai,storija jugoslouenskih zemalja rl. Neolitsko

doba, Sarajevo.

Skok, Petar L972. Etimologijski rjeinik hruatskoga iti

srpskoga jezika, knj . lI, Zagreb.

Stcat3ie,Abdulah r97 g. Turcizmf u srps kolvuatskom jezilan,

Sarajevo.

Ljubinko Radenkovic

Semantic of domestic space

(examples of the traditional Serbian house)

Abstract:

The art of house building marks a turning point in the

cultural development of mankind and one of the most
important achievements of civilization. It was not until man
mastered the basics of the art of building more permanent
shelters that human communities began to settle down in one
place, which they came to perceive as "their own'. The Serbs,
as all other slavs, have preserved the Indo-European word
dom, 'home', to denote the structure in which people live,
while the word lotda, 'house', is a Proto-slavic innovation.
Apart from these, there are in local dialects of the serbian
language some other, Common-Slavic terms, such as
(hliZa, izba, hram.

In folk culture the house is perceived as one's own

closed and safe space. The earliest slav houses were
rectangular, one-room dwellings with, ideally, each of their

4L
sides facing one of the four cardinal directions; they were sunk
into the ground to a depth of one metre, with no windows and
with a fixed place for the hearth. The most important parts of
the house in terms of cultic significance were the threshold and,
the hearth. The article analyzes the evolution of the one-room
house into a multi-room structure, as well as the symbolic
meaning of the indoor space.

Keg words.'house, home, space, house building, folk culture,

Serbs, Slavs

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