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English
Quarter 3 - Module 6
Using Appropriate Cohesive
Devices in Various Types of Speech
 Have you seen some police officers risking their lives
to save people? Have you seen them patrolling around
the community and doing their duties and responsibilities
even at night? Law enforcers such as police officers are tasked
to protect the community by fighting and preventing crimes.
They are also tasked to maintain law and order by protecting
life and property through the enforcement of laws and
regulations. They perform emergency duties during adverse
weather conditions. They also investigate accidents by
rescuing and reviving victims and radioing for medical
assistance.
Working as a police officer can be challenging and
a rewarding career with the chance to make a difference within
the community.

Directions: Read this speech carefully and analyze the intention of the writer in delivering her speech.

The Legacy
Helen Polo

Before I begin, I would like to thank all the lines of men and women in uniform for putting
me up as a guest speaker in this event. I would also like to thank my family and friends who
supported me in my journey through the years; without them I would not come this far. Today, my
heart is grateful for the opportunity you had given me to share a short glimpse of my life as a woman
in uniform.
Most
is like nothing else in the world. It knows no law, no pity. It dares all things and crushes down
that I always remember, especially
when I encounter challenges in life. Since I am a woman, some people doubted my ability to deliver
my duties and responsibilities as a police officer. They believed that women are born weak, and
they should only be confined in the house to do household chores. Some people have this
perception; however, let me emphasize that men and women are equal in different aspects of life
in today's generation.
There are also people and even family members who asked me, why I had chosen this
career. Hence, I smiled and answered them with sincerity that I want to serve our country. I want
to help the Filipino people in spreading peace and order in our land.
However, the truth why I decided to be a woman in uniform was the inspiration I learned
and taught by my grandfather who was a World War II Veteran. He fought for our freedom long
decades ago. He was an ordinary farmer who volunteered himself to help in getting our victory. I
saw people in our town who greeted him with respect and humility; furthermore, I wondered how
my grandfather got this respect. I realized that being a World War II Veteran was incredible and
brought pride to our family.

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 In the old times, being a farmer was hard and difficult; therefore, my father became the
bow and arrow of my grandfather while working hard in the field. They both managed to do their
work with love and contentment.
Hence, I always remember
them in my endeavors that I engaged within my journey. The memories of their good hearts and

having nothing left, made me realized again that their love was genuinely vast and powerful.
Now, I am proud to tell this story to let you know that we are blessed despite difficult
situations in line of our work. Some people admire us. From this reason, they try to become police
officer as well. Maybe they feel the moral obligation to protect and serve others.
We must continue our duties and responsibilities. In addition, we must not forget our ethics,
integrity, accountability, and honesty which are important values for a police officer to possess.
To sum up legacy who dedicated their lives to make our country
a better place to live in. Let us be an inspiration to the youth, a moving clock of our country, gears
that will not stop moving, and arrows that will never stop hitting the target.

What can you say about the speech?

What do you call the highlighted words in the speech? Why
should we add these highlighted words in the speech?

Activity A
Directions: After reading the speech, list down five highlighted words used by the speaker.

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 Activity B
Directions: Look for the cohesive devices used by the speaker in her speech. It can be horizontally,
vertically, across, reverse, or diagonally. The first one is done for you. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
T H E R E F O R E S
A W C A O D I H Q A
B X D E A B K E L Q
I N A D D I T I O N
C Y V A K D B A C R
E F U B T O S U T S
R B T C J H N B G H
O H S H I D E A E E
M I R A H E S N O N
R T O S U M U P D C
E J Q T G E U F G E
H A S W E L L A S Y
T K P A F N H M W W
R A L S O I T E O F
U L O I D F P N Q R
F M N O C S I N C E

1. Therefore 3. ______________________
2. ______________________ 4. ______________________
3. ______________________ 6. ______________________

What is It

Using Appropriate Cohesive Devices

in Various Types of Speech

Writing sentences and paragraphs make us a knowledgeable thinker. But we must

express our thoughts and ideas clearly with coherence. Basically, when a persons's writing has cohesion, he
will keep his writing on track, and he will make meaningful connections between ideas within a text. One way
of doing this is through the effective use of cohesive devices.

First, take a look at the following paragraphs:

Paragraph 1

I want to play guitar. I want to play drums. Playing guitar makes me happy. Playing drums makes me
happy. My brother does not want to play guitar. My brother want to play the piano. Our parents noticed that
we are inclined to learn different musical instruments. They asked someone to teach us play the
instrument that we choose.

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 Paragraph 2

I want to play guitar and drums because it makes me happy. On the other hand, my brother does
not want to play them. However, he wants to play the piano. Our parents noticed that we are
inclined to learn different musical instruments; hence, they asked someone who can teach us to
play the instrument that we choose.

Which paragraph is easier to read?

What words are in present in a paragraph that are not in the other paragraph?
How do these words make a paragraph easy to read?

To answer these questions, take a look at this illustration:

Like what the picture is illustrated, cohesive devices are words or phrases that are used to link or
clarify the relationships among ideas in sentences or paragraphs.

What Cohesive Devices do?

They join ideas meaningfully.
They link sentences and paragraphs together smoothly.
They lead to make certain connections or assumptions about the areas you are
connecting.
They lead readers to forward and imply the "building" of an idea or thought.

There are many examples of cohesive devices. They can be grouped according to their function.

Function Cohesive Devices

1. Sequence First, Second, Next, Finally, After, Before, Firstly,
-To show progression of ideas Secondly, Meanwhile, Now, Then
Sample Sentences:
Before I begin
for putting me up as a guest speaker in this event.
Now, I am proud to tell this story to let you know that we are blessed in spite of difficult
situations in the line of our work, there are still many people who admire us and trying to
pursue a career to be a police officer.
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 Function Cohesive Devices
2. Addition As well as, In addition, Furthermore, And,
-To add ideas or give further Besides that, Another, Apart from that,
explanation Moreover, On top of that, Another point is
Sample Sentences:
I saw people in our town who greeted him with respect and humility;
furthermore, I wondered how my grandfather got this respect.
We must continue our duties and responsibilities. In addition, we must not
forget our ethics, integrity, accountability, and honesty which are
important values for a police officer to possess.

Function Cohesive Devices

3. Contrast In spite of, Despite, Although, Though,
-To show different or contrasting Even though, Nevertheless, But,
ideas On the other hand, However, Whereas
Sample Sentences:
I am proud to tell this story to let you know that we are blessed in spite of
difficult situations in the line of our work, there are people who admire us
and trying to pursue a career to be a police office.
Some people have this perception in life; however, let me emphasize that in
life.

Function Cohesive Devices

3. Comparison Similarly, Likewise, As with, Just as, Like,
-To show comparison of ideas the same
way
Sample Sentences:
My grandfather is not only a bow and arrow in hitting his target but also a
man of good heart.
Most catholic people pray in the church, in the same way Muslim people
pray in Mosques.

Function Cohesive Devices

4. Result
Yet, Since, As, Hence, For that reason, As a
-To show what happened after an
result, Consequently, Thus, Because
action
Sample Sentences:
There are also people and even members of my family who asked me, why
I had chosen this career. Hence, I smiled and answered them with sincerity
that I want to serve our country.
I have a dream of giving my parent a good life, because I want them to be
happy.

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 Function Cohesive Devices
5. Conclusion
Finally, Therefore, To conclude, In
-To show the overall ending
conclusion, As a result, In the final analysis,
To sum up
Sample Sentences:
In the old times, being a farmer was hard and difficult; therefore, my father
became
the bow and arrow of my grandfather while working hard in the field.
To achieve your dreams is possible. To sum up, you need to focus on your
studies

Function Cohesive Devices

6. Time Relationship
Before, Meanwhile, Later, Soon, At Last,
-To show relation in time
Earlier, Thereafter, Afterward, By The Time,
From Then On, First, Next, Presently,
Shortly, Immediately, Finally
Sample Sentences:
He was an ordinary farmer who worked patiently in the field; then, he
became famous in our town, because of his dedication to help the poor.
Love your enemy. Later, he will learn to love you.

Function Cohesive Devices

7. Illustration
For example, For instance, Specifically,
-To show an example
Such as, To illustrate, In the case of
Sample Sentences:
My father was responsible and hardworking. For example, he could
provide our basic necessities, like food and medicine.
One of my Grade 8 students is talented in playing musical instrument. For
instance, he can play drums and piano.

Since the major function of cohesive device is to achieve cohesion and coherence, it is both applicable
in written and oral form of communication. It helps carry out our thought from one sentence to another or
from one paragraph to another.
It is important to note that the cohesive devices presented in this module are categorized based on
their functions and not on their forms. Hence, other types of cohesive devices are not included in this
module. Moreover, one of the aims of this module is to focus on the transitional words commonly used in
speeches to achieve cohesion. On this note, you probably heard many people who speak eloquently. What
did you notice on the way they delivered their message?
One of the characteristics of a good speech is coherence. It refers to the logical links between
words, sentences, and paragraphs. It helps in making your speech clear, organize, and logical.
At this point, let us identify some examples of different types of speech as well as appropriate
cohesive devices to be used.

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Types of Speech According to Purpose

1. Informative Speech This speech serves to provide interesting and useful information to
your audience. It also aims to educate the audience on a certain topic.

Example:

Health is the biggest wealth for a human being in his/her entire lifetime.
One can survive without excess money bu
but we can take care of it and
we can cure it when needed with the help of the money. If a person is not having

make a person rich and happy but good health does. Moreover,
feel complete and happy without good health...
Source: Short Speech on Health is Wealth
https://www.toppr.com/guides/speech-for-students/health-is-wealth-speech/

This is a speech about the importance of health. The speaker used cohesive devices to
One can survive without excess money but
On the other hand, the word Moreover in the sentences,
rich and happy but good health does. Moreover
health,

2. Demonstrative Speech This

demonstrate or provide necessary steps to guide audience in accomplishing a specific task.

Example:

Good morning! Today, I will teach you how to bake a cake. I hope that this
demonstration will become helpful to everyone.
First, you need to prepare all of your necessary tools and ingredients. You
need 3/4 cup flour, 3/4 teaspoon of baking powder, 4 large apples any variety, 2
eggs, 3/4 cup granulated sugar, pinch of salt, 1/2 teaspoon vanilla extract and 1/2
cup of unsalted/ melted butter. You will also need a medium mixing bowl, measuring
scoop and a tablespoon. You can start once you have the ingredients.
To start baking, you have to grease and flour the cake pan, and then preheat
the oven to 350 °F (177 °C). Grease the pan using margarine or butter before flouring
it to prevent the cake from sticking. After that, melt the butter and allow it to cool. If
you have microwave you can use it to melt the butter. Then, mix it with the other

Source: Making Apple Cake

https//www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/marie-helenes-apple-cake-361150

This speech provides steps on making an apple cake. The function of cohesive devices
used here is for sequencing to show the baking procedure. Hence, it used cohesive devices such
as First, and then, and After that.
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3. Persuasive Speech- A persuasive speech works to convince people to change in some way;
the way they think or do something, or to convince them to start doing something.

Example:
Universal suffrage on a common voters' roll in a united, democratic and
non-racial South Africa is the only way to peace and racial harmony.
In conclusion, I wish to quote my own words during my trial in 1964. They
are as true today as they were then. I quote:
"I have fought against white domination and I have fought against black
domination. I have carried the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all
persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunity. It is an ideal which I
hope to live for and to achieve. But, if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am
prepared to die."

https://www.firstpost.com/world/nelson-mandelas-five-most- memorable-speeches-1270759.html

This speech is taken from one of the most memorable speeches of Nelson Mandela. His
speeches commonly aim to inform and convince the audience to believe a certain viewpoint. In
the example speech above, he accompanied his claims with cohesive devices such as and,
In conclusion, and But.

4. Entertaining Speech- This is a -

. It commonly has anecdotal information.

Example:

Hi everyone, I am indeed grateful that you are all here to celebrate

Do you know that Nilo is my friend for a long time? I am lucky to have
a friend like him because he indeed has a good heart. He is very kind,
supportive and a truly amazing friend. I doubt that this life would be half as
interesting as it is without him.
Before I take my seat, I would like all of us to join one another in

birthday today.

The speech given aims to amuse the audience and capture their attention. Entertaining
speeches are commonly delivered in special occasions (e.g. birthday party, acceptance speech,
wedding ceremony). In this speech, the speaker used cohesive devices such as because and
before.

Now that you have learned about cohesive devises and their function, as well as the
different types of speeches, it is the time for you to gauge your understanding of the lesson.

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 Independent Activity 1: Sequence the Event!
Arvin has a sense of responsibility, he was praised by
his teacher for being an organized student in his class. He
was assigned to write a simple inspirational speech to be
dedicated for mothers in the upcoming celebration of
Day. In the evening he, is thinking of how his speech will be
delivered.
So let us help him arrange the details of his plan in
writing his speech.

Directions: Complete the paragraph by writing appropriate cohesive devices that indicate
sequence. Choose from the list inside the box.

Next First Then Lastly After that

(1) ___________, I will introduce myself to the audience. (2) ___________, I will humbly greet my
teacher and classmates who are there.( 3) ___________, I will see to it that my audience will
be entertained with my short and noteworthy speech. (4) ___________, I will emphasize to my
audience the importance of our mothers (5) ____________, I articulate that mothers should be praised
on that important occasion.

Independent Assessment 1: Complete Me!

Directions: Complete the paragraph by supplying the appropriate cohesive devices.
Choose from the list of words below.

As a result Before In addition Now

not only but also hence So

(1) , my hometown only focused on local farming. (2) ,it engages in

tourism and business sector. In terms of tourism, my hometown is famous (3)__________ in our
province
(4)____________ in several near provinces as well. We offer scenic view that is best for relaxation. As
the times go by, my hometown becomes the center of festivity and tourism. _____________, local
businesses tend to grow and our hometown continues to progress.

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 Independent Activity 2: What is the Function?
Directions: Identify the function of the underlined cohesive device in each sentence by
choosing the correct answer found inside the box below. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

Contrast
Addition Conclusion
Time
Result Sequence
Relationship

________1. I asked my student to read a poem, and then I asked him to answer the questions that
follow.
________2. My friend is always honest with me. As a result, I trusted him.
________3. Technology brought great impact to mankind. In addition, it changed the life of the
people.
________4. There was a lot of food, but she does not have the appetite.
________5. To conclude, I would like to express my gratitude to all your support.

Independent Assessment 2: Write it!

Directions: Complete the sentence by writing additional ideas after the cohesive devices.

Example: I wanted to go out with my brother; however, ______________________________

Ans: I wanted to go out with my brother; however, my mother asked me to finish
my project in English.

1. My brother is good in writing novels and short stories, while .

2. He asks me to borrow books in the library; consequently, .
3. Although, I still want to go the bookstore tomorrow morning
to buy books.
4. My sister really loves reading; in fact, .
5. I like to read short stories. For instance, __________________________________.

Independent Activity 3: Speech it Right!

Directions: Identify what type of speech is given. Write Informative, Demonstrative,
Persuasive or Entertaining. Then on your paper, write all the transitional
devices used.

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time. Today I would like to deliver a speech on Air Pollution which has become a major challenge in recent times.
In spite of a monologue, I would like it to be a fruitful interaction, hence your views are welcome. Air pollution
means mixing of external hazardous gases and particulate matter in the air, which ultimately route inside our
body through inhalation. These gradually lead to respiratory disorders and hence affect the health of human
beings.

Source: Speech on Air Pollution

https://www.toppr.com/guides/speech-for-students/speech-on-air-pollution/

Types of Speech: ______________________________

Transitional words used: _________________________________________________
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 2

"The internet has nowadays become such an important part of the life of the people that
it is hardly possible to spend even a day without using the internet. Thus after seeing the negatives of
the internet, it is not practically possible to completely avoid the internet. However, we can put a
timeline or restriction on its usage especially to children.

The parents and teachers can monitor the online activities of their children and guide them

on the proper use of the internet. We should also educate and aware people of online cybercrime and
fraud. Thus through proper precautions and adopting safety measures the internet can prove to be a
boon or development of human society."

Source: Speech on Internet

https://www.toppr.com/guides/speech-for-students/speech-on-internet/

Types of Speech: ______________________________

Transitional words used: _________________________________________________

Independent Assessment 3: Lead Me to Connect!

Directions: Write a sentence using the given cohesive devices. Then, identify its function
The first one is done for you. Write your answer on a separate of paper.

1. Then
Sentence: I will study my module and finish every activity. Then, I will rest and play with
my sister.
Function: Sequence

2. In addition
Sentence: ___________________________________________________
Function: _____________

3. But
Sentence: ________________________________________________________
Function: _____________

4. Next
Sentence: ________________________________________________________
Function: _____________

5. As a result
Sentence: ________________________________________________________
Function: _____________

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 What I Have Learned

After learning many things in this lesson, think back on the concepts, activities,
and tasks you have learned. Write a short reflection about your significant learning on
this lesson using appropriate cohesive devices.

I realized that _______________________________

__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________

What I Can Do

On a whole sheet of paper, write a speech with the theme, The Need for Family Solidarity during
Difficult Use appropriate cohesive devices and use the rubric as your guide in writing.

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 Rubric in Writing a Speech

5 establishes importance of topic with cohesive devices; thesis

insightfully previews position speaker will address.
INTRODUCTION

4 cohesive devices though it could be further developed; thesis is

clear and provides direction for speech.
Introduction audience in an elementary manner with cohesive
3 devices but fails to establish importance of topic; thesis is
perfunctory, unclear.

2 Introduction is incomplete, ineffective.

1 No introduction.

Main points are interesting, well developed, and relevant to the

5
effectively connect main points and enhance audience
understanding.
ORGANIZATION

4 smooth transitions of cohesive devices; subject is appropriate for

the audience; transitions are used satisfactorily.
Main points are unclear, poorly developed, or lacking in relevance;
3 transitions of cohesive devices are awkward flow of information
interrupted.

2 Main points are ineffective; transitions are absent and/or little since
of progression.

1 No clear points established; no organizational structure.

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 Statements are well supported with accurate facts and examples
5 with cohesive devices; outstanding use of credible sources; speaker
cites sources verbally before evidence.
Statements are supported with accurate facts and examples with
4 cohesive devices; sufficient use of credible sources that are cited
SUPPORT

verbally before evidence.

3 Refers to source material some of the time; credibility of sources is

questionable, but verbal citations are attempted.

2 Little use of credible source material; verbal citations are missing.

1 No supporting evidence.

Summary insightfully reviews topic and provides closure with

5 cohesive devices; ends with a memorable statement that ties back to
the introduction.
CONCLUSION

4 Summary reviews topic and provides closure with cohesive devices;

ends with a memorable statement.

3 Summary reviews topic; concluding statement not very memorable.

2 Conclusion is incomplete.

1 No conclusion.

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 Additional Activities

Activity A
Directions: Supply each sentence with an appropriate cohesive device to complete the
paragraph. Choose from the list of words in the bucket. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

(1)_________,Arvin studied English because he

wanted to be proficient in this subject. (2)________, he
loved writing novels and short stories because he was
a member of the school paper in his school.
(3)_________, he wanted to go along with
different people in the world who were using English as
their first language. (4)_________, he believed that the
language would help him to fulfill his dreams. Using this
language, he can teach many Filipino students to be
fluent in expressing themselves (5)_________, he
believed that through hard work and dedication, his
dreams would become a reality.

Activity B
Directions: Use cohesive devices in parentheses to combine statements in letter A and B.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Example:
a. The boy had outgrown his old jacket.
b. His mother wanted to buy him a new one. (so)
Answer: The boy had outgrown his jacket so his mother wanted to buy him a new one.

1. a. He wanted to buy an old leather jacket.

b. His mother bought a green one instead. (but)
2. feelings.
b. She simply could not afford to buy a leather jacket. (hence)
3. a. The next day, he wore the jacket to school.
b. Many of his classmates asked their parents to buy the same jacket.
(as a result)
4. a. During cold season, the boy wore his jacket.
b. He wanted to feel warm. (because)
5. a. One day, the boy forgot to bring his jacket.
b. His mother brought it in his school. (so)

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 3
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What I Know Independent Activity 2
1. Sequence
1. d 2. Result
2. b 3. Addition
3. d 4. Contrast
4. c 5. Conclusion
5. c
6. d Independent Assessment 2
7. a Answers may vary
8. a
9. b Independent Activity 3 (1 pt each)
10. a 1. Informative (In spite of, Hence)
11. c 2. Persuasive (Thus, however)
12. b
13. d Independent Assessment
14. d Answers may vary
15. c
What I Have Learned
1. T Answers may vary
2. F
3. T What I Can Do
4. T Answers may vary
5. T
Assessment
1. However
A. Answers may be Before I begin/ 2. As a result
Before, since, however, hence, 3. Hence
now, therefore, in addition, to sum 4. In addition
up 5. Furthermore
B. Hence, To sum up, as well as, 6. Sequence
also, since (in any order) 7. Addition
8. Sequence
9. Illustration
Independent Activity 1 10. Comparison
1. First 11. Addition
2. Next/ Then 12. Addition
3. Then/ Next 13. Result
4. After that 14. Conclusion
5. Lastly 15. Contrast
Independent Assessment 1 Additional Activities
1. Before Activity A
2. But 1. First
3. Not only 2. Second
4. But also 3. In addition
5. As a result 4. And
5. Lastly
Activity B
Answers may vary
Answer Key
 For inquiries or feedback, please write:

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email Address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph