BSRKV, Sainikpuri.

BIOLOGY NOTES
CLASS 9
LS 6 TISSUES

PLANT TISSUES
1.What is a tissue?
A.A group of cells that are similar in structure and/or work together to perform a particular
function forms a tissue.

2.What is the utility of tissues in multicellular organisms?

A. In multicellular organisms,there are millions of cells.Most of the cells are specialised to carry
out specific functions. eg. In human beings, muscle cells contract and relax to cause
movement, nerve cells carry messages, blood carries oxygen food hormones and waste
material and so on. In plants vascular tissues conduct food and water from one part of the plant
to other parts. So multicellular organisms show division of labour.

3. Name the types of simple tissues.

A.Parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma.

4. Where is apical meristem found?

A. Apical meristem is found at the growing tips of of roots and stems.

5. Which tissue makes up the husk of coconut?

A. Sclerenchyma

6. What are the constituents of phloem? A.Sieve cells, sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem
parenchyma and phloem fibres.

7. What are the elements of xylem tissue?

A. Tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres.

8. How are simple tissues different from complex tissues in plants?

A. Simple tissues are made up of one type of cells eg.parenchyma and complex tissues are
made up of more than one type of cells.eg.xylem.

9. Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma on the basis of their cell
wall.
A. *Parenchyma consists of thin cell walls. *Collenchyma consists of cell walls that are
irregularly thickened at the corners *Sclerenchyma consists of walls that are heavily thickened
due to lignin.Often the walls are so thick that there is no internal space inside.

10. What are the functions of the stomata? A.The functions of the stomata are
* gaseous exchange.
*transpiration or loss of water in the form of water vapour.

11.Name the regions in which parenchyma tissue is present.

A.Parenchyma tissue is present in roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits.

12. What is the role of epidermis in plants?

A.*The entire surface of the plant has an outer covering called epidermis which protects all parts
of the plant.
* Epidermal cells on the aerial parts of the plant often secrete a waxy water resistant layer on
the outer surface which protects against loss of water, mechanical injury and invasion by
parasitic fungi.
* Epidermal cells of the roots whose function is water absorption commonly bear long hair like
parts that greatly increase the total absorptive surface area.
* In some plants like desert plants, epidermis has a thick waxy coating of cutin to prevent loss of
water.

13.How does the cork act as a protective tissue?

*As plants grow older, the outer protective tissue undergoes changes.
* A strip of secondary meristem located in the cortex forms layers of cells which constitute the
cork.
* Cells of the cork are dead and compactly arranged without intercellular spaces.
* They also have a substance called suberin in their walls that makes them impervious to gases
and water.

ANIMAL TISSUES

14.What does a neuron look like?

A.*A neuron consists of a cell body having cytoplasm and a nucleus from which elongated hair-
like structures arise.
*Each neuron has a single long process called an axon and many branched processes called
dendrites.
*It resembles a small tree with fine hair-like structures arising from its terminals.

15.Name the tissue responsible for movement?

A.Muscular tissue.

16. Give three features of the cardiac muscles.

A.*Cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles present in the heart.
*They show rhythmic contraction and relaxation throughout life.
* The muscle cells are cylindrical, branched and uninucleate.

17. What are the functions of the areolar tissue and adipose tissue?
A.*Areolar tissue is found between skin and muscles, around blood vessels, nerves and in the
bone marrow. It fills the space between organs, supports internal organs and helps in repair of
tissues.
*Adipose tissue which is found below the skin and between internal organs, helps to store fats.
Storage of the fats also lets it act as an insulator.

18. Diagrammatically show the difference between the three types of muscle fibres. A.Daw
figure 6.11 a b and c page 76.

19.What is the specific function of the cardiac muscles?

A.Cardiac muscles serve to bring about rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart, to allow
pumping of blood throughout life.

20..Differentiate between striated, unstriated and cardiac muscles on the basis of their structure
and location in the body.
A.
CRITERIA STRIATED UNSTRIATED CARDIAC

STRUCTURE Long,cylindrical, Long with pointed Cylindrical, branched

unbranched and ends(spindle and uninucleated.
multinucleated.Has shaped), Faint cross striations.
striations. uninucleated.
No striations.

LOCATION IN BODY These muscles are
found in the limbs,
tongue, neck, face,
head etc(attached to
bones)
Found in the iris of Found in walls of the
the eye, ureters,in heart.
bronchi of
lungs,blood
vessels,walls of
alimentary canal and
other internal organs.

21.Draw a labelled diagram of the neuron and write its function.

A.Neurons receive and transmit nerve impulses to different parts of the body.
Draw fig 6.12 pg 76.

22.What is glandular epithelium?

A.Sometimes a portion of the cuboidal epithelium folds inwards and a multicellular gland is
formed.This is the glandular epithelium.
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ANSWERS TO OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
pg.78 Q10 (write the answers in the text book itself)
a. Simple squamous epithelium
b. Tendon
c. Phloem
d. Adipose tissue
 e. Blood
f. Nervous tissue

Q11. a. Stratified squamous epithelium

b.cork
c.connective tissue
d.cuboidal epithelium
e.complex permanent tissue(xylem
and phloem)

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