NPDWLIO NWTOKNTGD HNP RNPALIM X\XTGK

  Xknrt Xystgk Dgslmi Rrojght Pgport

  Xu`klttgd @y

  K.XRPWILFN PGDD\

  (>6UE>K8842)

XNTF\N TFGGRLPGDD\

  (>6UE>K885>)

Widgr tfg muldnihg oe 

Krs. @.WJ]NCN

Nsslstnit Rroegssor

Dgpnrtkgit oe Hokputgr Xhlgihg Gimliggrlim

  XP LITGPINTLOINC LIXTLTWTG OE TGHFIOCOM\

  (Neelclntgd to Jnwnfnrcnc Igfru Tghfiocomlhnc Wilvgrslty Fydgrn`nd, Tgcnimnin)

  02><-0202
 

XP LITGPINTLOINC LIXTLTWTG OE TGHFIOCOM\

Pnkpnccy(v), Aggsnrn(K), P.P Dlst, Fydgrn`nd-72>82>

(Neelclntgd to JITWF, Npprovgd `y NLHTG Igw Dgcfl)

Dgpnrtkgit oe Hokputgr Xhlgihg Gimliggrlim

  HGPTLELHNTG

Tfls ls to hgrtley tfnt tfg projght wora gitltcgd – NWTOKNTGD HNP RNPALIMX\XTGK‛ ls
 `glim su`klttgd `y K.XR
K.XRPWI
PWILFN PGDD\  `gnrlim Pocc Io:>6U
LFN PGDD\ >6UE>K8842 nid XNTF\N
E>K8842
LPGDD\  `gnrlim Pocc Io:>6UE>K8
TFGGRLPGDD\
TFGGR 85> eor Xknrt
>6UE>K885> Xknrt Xystgk
Xystgk Dgslmi
Dgslmi Cn` li Hokputgr 
Hokputgr 
Xhlgihg Gimliggrlim ls n rghord oe `oineldg wora hnrrlgd out `y tfgk uidgr ky muldnihg. Tfg
rgsucts oe livgstlmntloi gihcosgd li tfls rgport fnvg `ggi vgrlelgd
v grlelgd nid eouid sntlsenhtory.

Xlminturg oe tfg Muldg Gxtgrinc gxnkligr Xlminturg oe tfg FOD

 

  NPDWLIO HNP RNPALIM X\XTGK

  N@XTPNHT

 Iowndnys li kniy kuctlpcgx systgks tfgrg ls n sgvgrg pro`cgk eor hnr pnralim systgks. Tfgrg
nrg kniy cnigs eor hnr pnralim, so to pnra n hnr oig
oi g fns to cooa eor tfg ncc cnigs. Korgovgr tfgrg ls
n cot oe kgi cn`or livocvgd eor tfls prohgss eor wflhf tfgrg ls cot oe livgstkgit. Xo tfg iggd ls to
dgvgcop n systgk wflhf lidlhntgs dlrghtcy wflhf pnralim scot ls vnhnit li niy cnig. Tfg projght
livocvgs n systgk lihcudlim liernrgd trnisklttgr nid rghglvgr li gvgry cnig nid n CGD dlspcny
outsldg tfg hnr pnralim mntg. Xo tfg pgrsoi gitgrlim pnralim nrgn hni vlgw tfg CGD dlspcny nid
hni dghldg wflhf cnig to gitgr so ns to pnra tfg hnr. Hnr pnralim systgks dogs iot fnvg niy
litgcclmgit koiltorlim systgk. Rnralim cots nrg koiltorgd `y fukni `glims. Ncc vgflhcgs gitgr 
lito tfg pnralim nid wnstg tlkg eor sgnrhflim eor pnralim scot. Xokgtlkgs lt hrgntgs `cohanmg.
Hoidltloi `ghokg worsg wfgi tfgrg nrg kuctlpcg pnralim cnigs nid gnhf cnig fnvg kuctlpcg
 pnralim scots. Wsg oe nutokntgd systgk eor hnr pnralim koiltorlim wlcc rgduhg tfg fukni geeorts.
Dlspcny uilt ls listnccgd oi gitrnihg oe pnralim cot wflhf wlcc sfow CGDs eor ncc Rnralim scot nid
eor ncc
ncc pnra
pnrallim cn
cnig
igs.
s. Gkpt
kpty scot
scot ls lidl
idlhn
hntg
tgd
d `y tfg rgs
gspg
pght
htllvg mc
mcow
owllim CGD.
CGD. Ni
nrdulionutokntgdhnr pnralim systgk ls too gnsy to knag. ]fgi n hnr nrrlvgs lt opgis tfg mntg
oicy wfgi tfgrg nrg gkpty spnhgs cget. Le tfgrg ls iot niy gkpty scot tfgi tfg mntg dogs iot
opgi. Nid wfnt le tfgrg ls n socutl
socutloi
oi li wflhf tfg stntus
stntus oe gnhf
gnhf nid gvgry
gvgry pnrali
pnralim
m spnhg
spnhg ls
vlsl`c
vlsl`cgg to you ns sooi ns you gitgr tfg pnralim
pnralim cot. @nslhnccy,
@nslhnccy, you lihrgkgit houit  gvgry
lihrgkgit tfg houit

tlkg n hnr hokgs li nid dghrgkgit

dghrgkgit wfgi lt mogs out. Tfg CGD li tfg systg systgkk slkpcy lidlhntgs
lidlhntgs
tfnt tfg vgflhcg ls propgrcy houitgd ns lt clmfts oi gvgry tlkg n hn
hnrr pnssgs tfroumf tfg sgisor.

AG\ ]OPDX:

(n)Liernrgd sgisor 

(`)Clmft gklttlim dlodg (CGD)

l
 

TN@CG OE HOITGITX

  Rnmg. Io

N`strnht (l)

Hoitgits (ll-lll)

Clst oe elmurgs (lv)

>.LITPODWHTLOI

>.> litroduhtloi to NRX >

>.0 pro`cgks 0

>.8 ndvnitnmgs oe NRX 8

>.4kotlvntloi nid o`jghtlvgs 8

>.7`nhamrouid 4

>.5dleegrgit typgs 7

>.=. Xukknry >0

0.OUGPULG] OE TFG RPOJGHT

0.>nppclhn`lclty >8

0.0hokpnrlsoi >4

8.FNPD]NPG NID XOET]NPG HOKROIGITX

8.>nrdulio uio r8 >5

8.0 LP sgisor >6

8.8CGD 0>
 ll

8.4 sgrvo kotor 04

8.7hoiightlim wlrgs 07

8.5nrdulio soetwnrg 05

4. PGXWCT NID DLXHWXXLOI

4.>prototypg kghfnilsk 06

4.0`coha dlnmrnk 06

4.8hnchucntloi 06

4.4ecowhfnrt 0<

4.7hlrhult dlnmrnk 82

7.GHOIOKLH @GIGELTX

7.>ghoioklh `gigelts oe NRX 8>

7.0gquntloi nid dntn nincysls 88

5.HOIHCWXLOI 85

=.EWTWPG XHORG 

=.>sknrt rghomiltloi oe hnrs 8=

=.0updntlim usgrs 8=

6.PGEGPGIHGX 86

NRRGIDLV 8<

HODG
 lll

CLXT OE ELMWPGX

Elmurg >.>: Gxlstlim hnr pnralim >

Elmurg >.5.>:NUM systgks 5

Elmurg >.5.0:Hrnig systgks =

Elmurg >.5.8:Ruzzcg systgks 6

Elmurg >.5.4:PMH systgks 6

Elmurg>.5.7:Xfuttcg systgks >2

Elmurg >.5.5:Xlco systgks >>

Elmurg >.5.=:Towgr systgks >>

Elmurg 8.>:Nrdulio WIO P8 `onrd >=

Elmurg 8.0:LP sgisor >6

Elmurg 8.8:CGD 00

Elmurg 8.4:Xgrvo kotors 07

Elmurg 8.7:Hoiightlim wlrgs 05

Elmurg 4.0:@coha dlnmrnk 06

Elmurg 4.4:Ecowhfnrt 0<

 Elmurg 4.7:Hlrhult dlnmrnk82

lv

 
 v

  >. LITPODWHTLOI

>.>LITPODWHTLOI TO NWTOKNTGD HNP RNPALIM

X\XTGK

Ovgr tfg dghndgs our houitry fns `ggi dgvgcopgd drnstlhnccy, iow wg nrg li tfls stntg tfnt
wg fnvg n cot oe wgcc hoitnhtgd ronds, hokkgrhlnc `ulcdlim nid lihrgnslim iuk`gr oe 
nutoko
nutoko`lc
`lcgs.
gs. ]flcg
]flcg pnrali
pnralim
m tfgsg
tfgsg nutoko
nutoko`lc
`lcgs
gs li pnrali
pnralim
m spnhg
spnhg wg usg tfg kniunc
kniunc
 prohgdurg oe pnralim. ]flhf kost oe tfg hnsgs ls uipcniigd nid
ni d cnha oe
o e dlshlpclig dug to

tfls, pgopcg hni pnra tfglr hnrs niywfgrg tfgy wnit to, wflhf hrgntgs n kgss ns pgopcg do
iot eoccow tfg pnrtlhucnr hug kost oe tfg tlkg. Ns n rgsuct oe tfls, n fumg trneelh jnk tnags
 pcnhg li tfnt pcnhg. ]flcg pnralim li nid rgtrlgvlim hnr dug klskninmgkgit hnrs hni mgt
dgit `y `ukplim wltf gnhf otfgr ns tfgrg ls cnha oe sueelhlgit spnhg. Tfls hrgntgs to
nrmukgits nkoim pgopcg. Tfls ls ncso ni ghoioklhnc coss ns wg iggd to rgpnlr our 
dnknmgd hnr nid ncso hnr hoisukgs gxtrn eugc wflcg pnralim li or out. Trneelh jnk ls ni
lssug fgrg ns lt alccs our prghlous tlkg. Dug to tfls hfnos li pnralim our vncun`cg tlkg mgts
wnstgd. Lt fnrks tfg studgits, oeelhg molim stnees nid gkgrmgihy pntlgits to n mrgnt gxtgit.
   Elmurg >.>: Gxlstlim hnr pnralim

>

Lt ncso hnusgs ghoioklhnc coss to hokkgrhlnc pcnhgs clag sfopplim knccs, nkusgkgit
 pnras ns pgopcg nrg korg clagcy iot to vlslt tfgsg pcnhgs du
dugg to tfls pnralim fnznrd. Ns wg
nrg ndvnihlim wltf tlkg, tfg kniunc hnr pnralim systgk li hokkgrhlnc spnhgs ls hrgntlim
furdcg wflhf ls hnuslim wnstnmg oe tlkg nid sokg ghoioklh cossgs ns wgcc. Tfgrgeorg wg
iggd n socutloi wflhf hni ovgrhokg tfgsg lssugs. Fgrg wg nrg litroduhlim Nutokntgd
Rnrali
Rnralim
m Xystgk
Xystgkss ns n socutl
socutloi
oi oe tfgsg
tfgsg pro`cg
pro`cgks
ks ns wgcc ns hnr pnralim
pnralim systgk
systgk li
hokkgr
hokkgrhln
hlncc spnhgs
spnhgs ls hrgntl
hrgntlim
im furdcg
furdcg wflhf
wflhf ls hnusli
hnuslim
m wnstnm
wnstnmgg oe tlkg
tlkg nid sokg
sokg
ghoioklhnc cossgs ns wgcc. Tfgrgeorg wg iggd n socutloi wflhf hni ovgrhokg tfgsg
 pro`cgks. Fgrg wg nrg litroduhlim Nutokntgd Hnr Rnralim Xystgks ns n socutloi oe tfgsg
 pro`cgks ns wgcc ns n rgpcnhgkgit to tfg kniunc hnr pnralim systgks nt

hokkgrhlncspnhgs. Tfls systgk iot oicy snvgs tlkg nid koigy, lt hni ncso gnri koigy
 `y hfnrmlim eor pnralim spnhgs.

>.0 RPO@CGKX ]LTF TPNDLTLOINC HNP RNPALIM X\XTGK

Trndltloinc or kniunc hnr pnralim systgk ls gvgrywfgrg li our houitry `ut tfls systgk ls
eucc oe pro`cgks.
pro`cgks. Tfgy nrg:

(n) ]g hni sgg li kniy sfopplim knccs, fospltncs fumg trneelh jnk li eroit oe tfg pnralim.
Tfg pnralim munrd stops tfg gitlrg vgflhcg nid mlvgs n pnykgit sclp, tfls hrgntgs trneelh
 jnk.
 (`) Lt ls dleelhuct nid tlkg hoisuklim to elid out tfg pnralim scot wflhf hosts gxtrn eugc
nid wnstgs tlkg.

(h) Xghurlty pro`cgk ls oig niotfgr pro`cgk li kniunc hnr pnralim, pgopcg hni gitgr li
 pnralim scot nid tfgrg sinthflim, ro``gry hni fnppgi.

(d) Li kniunc pnralim systgk sokg munrd iggds to `g nppolitgd eor tfg wfocg jo`, lt ls

hostcy gioumf.

>.8TFG NDUNITNMGX OE NWTOKNTGD HNP RNPALIM

X\XTGK:

(n) Pgduhlim trneelh jnk: Nutokntgd vgflhcg systgk rgduhg tfg ttrneelh
rneelh jnk `ghnusg fgrg
wg nrg uslim n hnrd systgk eor pnylim tfg koigy, puihflim tfg hnrd li tfg pnykgit `ootf
nid oig trny wlcc pcnhg tfg vgflhcg li rgqulrgd pcnhg .

(`) Tlkg snvlim: Lt ls n tlkg snvlim systgk. Li kniunc pnralim systgk lt ls too fnrd to
elid out tfg gkpty spnhg eor pnralim, lt ls vgry kuhf tlkg hoisuklim.

(h) Xnegty li tfg pnralim: Fgrg io pgopcg hni gitgr li tfg pnralim so tfnt tfgrg ls io
hfnihg oe sinthflim, ro``gry, stgnclimli slcgit pnralim spnhgs. Tfls systgk prgvgits tfgsg
 pro`cgks.

(d) Eugc snvlim: Li tfls systgk wg nrg uslim ni nutokntlh trny wflhf wlcc tnag tfg vgflhcg
lito tfg pnralim spnhg nid pcnhg lt li rgqulrgd scot. Tfls wlcc rgduhg tfg eugc host. Fgrg wg
do iot iggd to clmftlim ncc ovgr tfg pnralim spnhg. Lt wlcc oi tfg clmft wfgi lt kovgs nid
wfgrg ls tfg pntf nid lt ls vgry kuhf gcghtrlhlty snvlim ncso.

(g) Opgrntlim host snvlim: Ovgr n pgrlod oe tlkg, tfg pnralim hfnrmg hoccghtlim host ls

rgduhgd. Tfgrg ls rgduhtloi li tfg kni-four rgqulrgd ns tfg systgk dogs iot rgqulrg niy
fukni litgrnhtloi eor tfg koigy trnisnhtloi.
 >.4 KOTLUNTLOI NID O@JGHTLUGX:

>.4.>. Kotlvntloi: Tfg kotlvntloi oe tfg projght ls, wg wnit to dlmltnclzg our dnlcy cleg
ns wgcc ns our houitry. Li kniy houitrlgs tfls nutokntgd vgflhcg systgk ls nvnlcn`cg nid
 popucnr.

>.4.0O`jghtlvgs:

Tfg o`jghtlvgs nrg:

>. Litroduhlim nutokntlh vgflhcg pnralim systgk li @nimcndgsf nid mgt `gigeltgd `y lt.

0. To hokpnrg vnrlous nspghts oe tfls kniunc pnralim systgk wltf tfg nutokntgd pnralim
systgk.

8. To elid out tfg ghoioklh `gigelts oe litroduhlim nutokntgd vgflhcg systgk.

>.7 @NHAMPOWID OE RPOJGHT:

Ovgr tfg dghndgs our houitry fns `ggi dgvgcopgd drnstlhnccy, iow wg nrg li tfls stntg tfnt
wg fnvg n cot oe wgcc hoitnhtgd ronds, hokkgrhlnc `ulcdlim nid lihrgnslim iuk`gr oe 
nutoko
nutoko`lc
`lcgs.
gs. ]ltf
]ltf tfg lihrgn
lihrgnsli
slim
m nkouit
nkouit oe ronds
ronds nid flmfwny
flmfwnyss trnisp
trnisport
ortntl
ntloi
oi fns
 `ghokg tfg `nha`oig oe our dny to dny cleg.

Trnisportntloi fns ncso `ghokg tfg `nha`oig oe our ghoioky eor lts wldg usnmg li trndg
nid `usligss. Xo pnralim oe tfgsg trnisportntloi or vgflhcgs fns `ghokg n knttgr oe 
hoisldgrntloi. ]flcg pnralim tfgsg vgflhcgs li pnralim spnhg wg stlcc usg tfg vgry ocd
ensfloigd kniunc prohgdurg oe pnralim. Dug to tfls pgopcg hni pnra tfglr hnrs niywfgrg
tfgy wnit to, wflhf hrgntgs n kgss ns pgopcg doi“t eoccow niydlshlpclig kost oe tfg tlkg.
]flcg pnralim li nid rgtrlgvlim hnr dug klskninmgkgit hnrs hni mgt dgit `y `ukplim
wltf gnhf otfgr ns tfgrg ls cnha oe sueelhlgit spnhg. Tfls cgnds to nrmukgits, elmfts nkoim
 pgopcg wflhf sokgtlkgs hrgntg trneelh jnk. Tfls ls ncso ni ghoioklhnc cosg ns wg iggd to

rgpnlr our dnknmgd hnr. Hnrs hoisukg gxtrn eugc wflcg pnralim li or out. Dug to tfls
hfnos li pnralim our vncun`cg tlkg mgts wnstgd. Lt fnrks tfg studgits, oeelhg molim stnees
 nid gkgrmgihy pntlgits to n mrgnt gxtgit. Lt ncso hnusgs ghoioklhnc coss to hokkgrhlnc
 pcnhgs clag sfopplim knccs, nkusgkgit pnras ns pgo
pgopcg
pcg nrg korg clagcy iot to vlslt tfgsg
 pcnhgs dug to tfls pnralim fnznrd. Nutokntgd hnr pnralim systgks wlcc provldg sgvgrnc
 `gigelts. Lt wlcc snvg tlkg nid eugc host. Li kniunc pnralim systgk lt ls too fnrd to elid
out tfg gkpty spnhg eor pnralim, lt ls vgry kuhf tlkg hoisuklim. Xokgtlkgs lt hnusgs
cntg li kggtlim or otfgr lkportnit woras. Lt wlcc snvg eugc ns li tfls systgk ni nutokntlh
trny wlcc tnag tfg vgflhcg lito tfg rgqulrgd scot. Tfls wlcc rgduhg tfg eugc host oe sgnrhflim
eor pnralim spnhg, pnralim li nid out. Fgrg wg do iot iggd to clmftlim ncc ovgr tfg pnralim
spnhg ncc tfg tlkg. Lt wlcc oicy fnvg tfg clmfts oi wfgi lt kovgs nid wfgrg ls tfg pntf nid
lt ls vgry kuhf gcghtrlhlty snvlim ncso. Lt provldgs sghurlty erok tfget oe vgflhcg nid lt hni

gnri rgvgiug. Lt hni litroduhg us to ndvnihgd dlmltnclzgd systgks wflhf sfow us tfg
Gimliggrlim gxhgccgihg li our houitry.

>.5
>.5 DLE
LEEG
EGPG
PGI
IT T\
T\R
RGX OE NW
NWTO
TOK
KNT
NTGD
GD HN
HNP
P RNPAL
ALI
IM
X\XTGK:

Tfgrg nrg knlicy sgvgi dleegrgit typgs oe nutokntgd hnr pnralim systgk:

(n) NMU systgks

(`)Hrnig systgks

(h)Ruzzcg systgks

(d)PMH systgks

(g)Xfuttcg systgks

(e)Xlco systgks

(m)Towgr systgks

>.5.>NUM Xystgk:
 Nutokntgd Muldgd Ugflhcg aiowi ns NMU tghfiocomy fns `ggi litroduhgd li nutokntgd
 pnralim systgk kost rghgitcy tfoumf NMUs fns `ggi usgd li nutokntgd wnrgfouslim eor 
dghndgs. Tfg vgflhcgs nrg pnragd oi pnccgts li tfg pnralim spnhg wflhf nrg hoccghtgd erok
tfg pnralim gitrnihg `y tfg NMUs drlvlim `gigntf tfg vgflhcg pnccgt, cletlim lt nid tfgi
 pnralim lt li tfg pnralim spnhg. Tfg iuk`gr oe NUMs li tfg systgk ls ecgxl`cg nid hni `g
 `nsgd nrouid tfg hclgit“s rgqulrgkgits. Mgigrnccy NUM systgks opgrntg oi socld elilsfgd
tfg hoihrgtg ecoors tfnt hni kovg li `otf cgimtfwnys nid sldgwnys dlrghtlois ncoim elxgd

 pntfs nid nrg n`cg to rotntg oi tfg spot. Tfls nccows tfg vgflhcg pnccgts to `g hoccghtgd `y
NMU erok niy dlrghtloi nid wltf sgvgrnc NMUs opgrntlim oi n ecoor. Lt ncso nccows eor 

tfg kuctlpcg slkuctnigous pnralim nid rgtrlgvnc kovgkgits ncoim kuctlpcg pntfs systgk.

  Elmurg >.5.>: NUM Xystgks

>.5.0 Hrnig systgks:

 Tfls systgk ls usgd utlclzlim n slimcg kghfnilsk tfnt ls to slkuctnigouscy pgreork tfg
forlzoitnc nid vgrtlhnc kovgkgits oe tfg vgflhcg to `g pnragd or rgtrlgvgd li tfg pnralim
systgk. Tfls kghfnilsk nccows tfg vgflhcg pcnteork to kovg to nid erok oig pnralim
spot to niotfgr vgry qulhacy. Tfg hrnig kghfnilsk fns n vgrtlhnc gcgvntor pcnteork elttgd
nid lt kovgs forlzoitnccy oi rnlcs, typlhnccy cohntgd oi tfg ecoor nid hglclim oe
o e tfg pnralim
systgk, wfgrg vgflhcgs to `g pnragd nid rgtrlgvgd nrg pcnhgd, wflhf kgnis tfnt n ecoor-
to-hglcli2m opgilim li tfg hgitgr oe tfg systgk ls rgqulrgd eor tfg hrnig eor tfg hrnig(s) to

opgrntg.

Elmurg >.5.0: Hrnig Xystgks

Tfls kghfnilsk hni kovg li clig wltf tfg iorknc dlrghtloi oe n vgflhcg or ortfomoinc to
lt dgpgidlim oi tfg sltg hoistrnlits. Tfg hrnig systgk ncso fns two hrnigs ruiilim
 pnrnccgc to oig niotfgr sfoucd tfg sltg hoistrnlits nccow lt, le flmfgr tfroumfput or 
rgduidnihy ls rgqulrgd. Tfg systgk rgduidnihy ls potgitlnccy cow `ut `nha-up kotors1
swlthfgs, gth. hni `g listnccgd to lihrgnsg tfg systgk“s rgduidnihy ns tfgrg ls typlhnccy
oicy oig kghfnilsk eor tfg pnralim nid rgtrlgvnc oe vgflhcgs nid turilim dgvlhgs hni `g
elttgd uidgr tfg vgrtlhnc gcgvntor pcnteork.

>.5.8 Ruzzcg systgks:

Ruzzcg systgks oeegr tfg dgisgst eork oe nutokntgd pnralim ns lt utlclzgs nrouid <7% oe 
tfg ecoor nrgn nid oetgi usgd li sknccgr systgks. N mrld oe pnccgts hovgrs n socld ecoor or 
 stggc ernkg, nid gnhf pnccgt ls supportgd `y n sgt oe roccgrs nid `gcts tfnt nrg drlvgi `y
kotors elttgd to tfg support ernkgs uidgrigntf gnhf pnccgt cohntloi li n forlzoitnc puzzcg
systgk
systgk.. Witlc
Witlc tfg pnccgt
pnccgt wltf
wltf tfg rgqulrgd
rgqulrgd vgflhcg
vgflhcg oi ls kniguv
kniguvgrg
grgd
d to tfg dgslrgd
dgslrgd
cohntloi, tfg roccgrs nid `gcts kniguvgr tfg pnccgts. Tfg ernkgs, supportgd `y tfg pnccgts
nrg listnccgd li ncc possl`cg pnralim posltlois. Typlhnccy tfgrg nrg two egwgr pnccgts tfni
support ernkgs pgr ecoor tfnt provldgs tfg ighgssnry ergg spnhgs to kniguvgr tfg pnccgts.

Elmurg >.5.8: Ruzzcg systgk

Ruzzcg systgks provldg ecgxl`cg cnyout optlois ns tfg systgk hoielmurntloi ls flmfcy
ndnptn`cg `ghnusg n pnccgt hni `g kovgd li niy dlrghtlois. Tfg systgk sfnpg hni vnry
mrgntcy, suhf ns: rghtnimucnr or squnrg, –T‛ sfnpgd, –W‛ sfnpgd, –F‛ sfnpgd, gth. li
 puzzcg systgks shlssor clets nrg typlhnccy usgd ns tfgy nccow tfg pnccgts to kovg oi nid oee 
tfg clet pcnteorks li ncc dlrghtlois. ]g hni ncso usg gcghtrlhnc hnitlcgvgrgd clets `ut tfg
 pnccgt kovgkgits oi nid oee tfg clet pcnteork nrg korg rgstrlhtgd, turilim tfg vgflhcgs hni
 `g doig li tfg pnralim koducg, oi ni gcgvntor or wltfli tfg pnralim systgk.

>.5.4 PMH systgks:

 Elmurg >.5.4: PMH Xystgk

Pnlc Muldgd Hnrt aiowi ns PMH tghfiocomy opgrntg li n slklcnr wnys to NMUs gxhgpt
tfg PMHs nrg cgss hokpcgx nid korg ro`ust tfni NMUs nid tfgrgeorg korg host geeghtlvg

nid korg rgcln`cg. Tfg PMHs pnra tfg vgflhcgs oi pnccgts

pnccgts li tfg pnralim koducgs wflhf
nrg hoccghtgd erok tfg pnralim koducgs `y drlvlim `gigntf tfg vgflhcg pnccgt, cletlim lt
tfgi kovlim lt out oe tfg pnralim koducg lito tfg systgk. Tfg iuk`gr oe PMHs li tfg
systgk ls ecgxl`cg nid hni `g `nsgd nrouid tfg hclgit“s rgqulrgkgits.

Mgigr
Mgigrnc
nccy
cy PMH
PMH sy
syst
stgk
gkss opgrn
opgrntg
tg oi so
socl
cld
d ho
hoihr
ihrgt
gtgg ec
ecoo
oors
rs ni
nid
d hni kovg
kovg li `o
`otf
tf
cgimtfwnys nid sldgwnys dlrghtlois ncoim skncc muldgd rnlcs elttgd to tfg ecoor. Gcgvntors
nrg usgd wltfli tfg systgk to kovg tfg vgflhcg pnccgts wltf or wltfout ni PMH.

>.5.7Xfuttcg systgks:

Tfg sfuttc
sfuttcgg systgk
systgkss utlcl
utlclzg
zg nutoiok
nutoiokous
ous sfuttc
sfuttcgs
gs nid gcgvnt
gcgvntors
ors to pnra
pnra nid rgtrlg
rgtrlgvg
vg
vgflhcgs. Tfg iuk`gr oe sfuttcgs li tfg systgk ls ecgxl`cg nid ls `nsgd nrouid tfg hclgit“s
rgqulrgkgits. Tfg sfuttcg kovgs forlzoitnccy to n dgslmintgd cohntloi li n sfuttcg cnig,
wflhf ls gltfgr n sgt oe rnlcs li n stggc or hoihrgtg struhturg or rghgss li n socld ecoor. N
vgflhcg ls pnragd or rgtrlgvgd nt tfg dgslmintgd cohntloi `y n ro`ot, or pnrnccgc gxhfnimgr 
or hoivgyor `gcts, cohntgd oi tfg sfuttcg `y kovlim tfg vgflhcg erok or to tfg sfuttcg nid
tfg pnralim spnhg. Mgigrnccy tfgrg ls n slimcg row vgflhcg gltfgr sldg oe tfg sfuttcg cnig
 `ut le iggdgd korg rows oe vgflhcgs
v gflhcgs hni `g nddgd. Tfg rgtrlgvnc prohgss oe vgflhcg eor tfg
sghoid row nid oiwnrds ls scowgr tfni eor tfg elrst row oe tfg ro`ot fns coimgr dlstnihg
to trnvgc to rgtrlgvg tfg vgflhcg nid tfgrg kny `g n vgflhcg pnragd li tfg eroit oe tfg
 vgflhcg to `g rgtrlgvgd, wflhf fns to `g rgkovgd `georg tfg vgflhcg li tfg sghoid row hni
 `g rgtrlgvgd. ]fgi n vgflhcg ls rgqulrgd to `g kovgd erok oig cgvgc oe tfg systgk to
niotfgr tfgrg nrg two optlois eor nhflgvlim tfls, oig optloi ls wltf vgflhcg gcgvntors nid
tfg otfgr oig ls wltf sfuttcg gcgvntors.

<

Elmurg >.5.7: Xfuttcg Xystgks

N sfuttcg kovgs ndjnhgit to n vgflhcg gcgvntor nid dgposlts tfg vgflhcg oi tfg vgflhcg
gcgvntor pcnteork wfgi vgflhcg gcgvntors nrg usgd. N sfuttcg hoccghts tfg vgflhcg erok tfg
vgflhcg gcgvntor wfgi tfg vgflhcg gcgvntor tfgi kovgs tfg vgflhcg to tfg dgslmintgd
 pnralim spnhg. Li tfls optloi sfuttcgs rgknli oi tfglr nsslmigd cgvgcs, tfgrgeorg nt cgnst
oig sfuttcg ls rgqulrgd pgr pnralim cgvgc wflhf hni knag rgduidnihy ni lssug le oicy oig
sfuttcg ls usgd pgr cgvgc, so tfls hni `g hostcy. ]fgi sfuttcg gcgvntors nrg usgd tfg sfuttcg
kovgs wltf tfg vgflhcg oi to n sfuttcg gcgvntor cohntgd nt gltfgr gid oe tfg sfuttcg cnig.

Tfg sfuttcgs nrg ergg to mo to nid erok niy cgvgc li tfg systgk nccowlim eor egwgr sfuttcgs
tfni pnralim cgvgcs nid mrgntgr rgduidnihy, li tfls optloi. ]g hni sny tfnt tfg sfuttcg
 tfni pnralim cgvgcs nid mrgntgr rgduidnihy, li tfls optloi. ]g hni sny tfnt tfg sfuttcg
gcgvntors nrg oetgi tfg systgk `ottcgighas nid tfroumfput ls kuhf cowgr tfni wltf
vgflhcg gcgvntors.

>.5.5 Xlco systgks:

Tfg slco systgks nrg hyclidrlhnc systgks wltf n slimcg, hgitrnccy posltloigd kghfnilsk
usgd to pnra nid rgtrlgvg vgflhcgs. Tfg hgitrnc kghfnilsk nccows tfg vgflhcg pcnteork to

kovg to nid erok oig pnralim spot to niotfgr vgry qulhacy `y kovlim vgrtlhnccy nid
rotntlim slkuctnigouscy. Typlhnccytfgy nrg listnccgd uidgrmrouid nid nrg kost sultn`cg
wfgrg solc hoidltlois nrg pnrtlhucnrcy uienvorn`cg.

>2

Elmurg >.5.5: Xlco Xystgks

Lt hni ncso `g listnccgd n`ovg mrouid. Li slco systgks typlhnccy oicy oig vgflhcg hni `g
 pnragd or rgtrlgvgd nt oig tlkg. Xystgk rgduidnihy hni `g lssug ns lssug ns tfgrg ls oicy
oig kghfnilsk eor pnralim nid rgtrlgvlim vgflhcgs.

>.5.= Towgr systgks:

  

Elmurg >.5.=: Towgr Xystgks

Tfls systgk ls typlhnccy hoislsts oe n vgflhcg gcgvntor wltf n pnralim spnhg gltfgr sldg oe 
tfg gcgvntor sfnet. To hokpcgtg n pnralim towgr, tfls hoielmurntloi ls rgpgntgd ovgr n
iuk`gr oe cgvgcs. Tfg vgflhcg gcgvntor slkpcy rlsgs to oig oe tfg pnralim cgvgcs oe tfg
towgr nid dgposlts tfg vgflhcgs sldgwnys lito n pnralim spnhg. N vgflhcg ls rgtrlgvgd li n

>>

snkg wny. Xystgk rgduidnihy ls ni lssug wltf towgr systgk ns tfgrg ls slimcg kghfnilsk
to pnra nid rgtrlgvg vgflhcgs.

>.= Xukknrlzntloi oe our projght:

Fgrg wg nrg trylim to `ulcd n sultn`cg hokputgrlzgd Nutokntgd Hnr Rnralim Xystgk wltf
kniunc pnykgit systgk. Ni nssgsskgit oe tfg gxlstlim systgk woucd `g kndg lihcudlim
tfg opgrntlim systgk `glim kndg ns n prototypg, tfg geelhlgihy oe hnr pnralim systgk,
 pro`cgk enhgd durlim opgrntlim tfg prototypg gth. Ni li dgptf nincysls oe tfg Nutokntgd
Hnr Rnralim Xystgk woucd tfgi `g kndg. Unrlous nspghts oe tfgsg two systgks woucd
tfgi `g hokpnrgd nid tfg `gigelt oe litroduhlim tfg NWTOKNTGD HNP RNPALIM
Xystgk woucd `g eouid out li tgrks oe snvlim li tlkg, eugc nid gklssloi rgduhtloi.
 >0

  0.OUGPULG] OE RPOJGHT:

0.> NRRCLHN@LCLT\ OE OWP RPOJGHT:

Ovgr tfg dghndgs wltf tfg dgvgcopkgit oe our houitry wg“vg rgnhfgd li n sltuntloi wfgrg
tfg kniunc hnr pnralim systgk li hokkgrhlnc spnhgs iggds to `g rgpcnhgd. Tfg kniunc
hnr pnralim systgk ls hnuslim furdcg nid hfnos li pnralim spnhg, tfgrgeorg rgsuctlim li
wnstnmg oe tlkg nid sokg ghoioklh cossgs ns wgcc. Tfgrgeorg litroduhlim Nutokntgd Hnr 
Rnralim Xystgks li hokkgrhlnc spnhgs hni `g rgpcnhgkgit to tfg kniunc hnr pnralim
systgks nt hokkgrhlnc spnhgs. ]g hni listncc tfls systgk li tfg pcnhgs clag:

(n)Oeelhg `ulcdlims:

Lt wlcc fgcp tfg stnee to pnra tfglr hnr wltfout niy furdcg nid wnstnmg oe tlkg. Lt wlcc ncso
rgclgvg tfglr klid erok tfg uiighgssnry pnralim furdcg. Ncso le sokgoig ls ncrgndy cntg
fg woucdi“t `g cntg niy eurtfgr `y fnvlim to sgnrhf eor tfg pnralim spnhg nid pnra fls hnr.
Lt wlcc ncso provldg sghurlty to tfglr hnrs erok stgnclim.

(`)Xfopplim knccs:

Lt wlcc fgcp tfg hustokgrs to pnra tfglr hnr wltfout niy furdcg, wflhf wlcc mlvg tfgk tlkg
 to `rowsg eor korg produhts. Lt cc `gigelt `otf tfg hustokgrs nid tfg sgccgrs ns tfg
hustokgr wlcc fnvg korg tlkg to gxpcorg tfglr optlois nid tfg sgccgrs fnvg korg produht
optlois to sgcc. Lt wlcc lihrgnsg tfg iuk`gr oe hustokgrs hoklim li tfg knccs. Lt wlcc
lihrgnsg rgvgiug ns tfg hustokgr fns to pny eor tfg pnralim spnhg. Lt wlcc ncso fgcp
rgkovlim tfg hnrs wflhf nrg agpt ncc dny coim wltfout sfopplim purposgs ns tfgy iggd to
 pny eor pnralim tfglr hnrs. Ns tfgrg ls n tlkg clklt
clklt eor tfg pnralim spnhg tfg hustokgrs wlcc
aggp tfnt li klid nid tfgy wlcc rgkovg tfglr hnrs oi tlkg. Tfls wlcc fgcp korg hustokgrs
to hokg to tfgsg knccs gnhf dny. Lt wlcc ncso provldg sghurlty to tfglr hnrs erok stgnclim.

(h)Fospltncs:

Li fospltnc wfgi tfgrg nrg n cot oe gkgrmgihy hnsgs tfgrg nrg n cot oe n hnrs nid
nk`ucnihgs hoklim li tfg pnralim spnhg. Tfls hrgntgs jnk wflhf hnusg dgcny eor tfg

>8

 pntlgits to rghglvg tfg kgdlhnc sgrvlhgs, wflhf oetgi

o etgi hni `g entnc to tfgk. Le wg listncc tfg
nutokntgd systgk, lt wlcc tnag cgss tlkg to pnra hnr nid tfg pntlgits to rgnhf tfg kgdlhnc
sgrvlhgs. Ncso tfgy hni gnri rgvgiug eor hnrs otfgr tfni tfg nk`ucnihgs. Lt wlcc ncso
 provldg sghurlty to tfglr hnrs erok stgnclim.
stgnclim.

(d)Nkusgkgit pnras:

Le wg listncc nutokntgd hnr pnralim systgks li nkusgkgit pnras lt wlcc nttrnht korg
 pgopcg to hokg to tfgsg pcnhgs. Tfg korg tfg pgopcg wlcc hokg tfg korg rgvgiug wlcc `g
gnrigd. Korgovgr tfgsg nkusgkgit pnras rgclgvg us erok our ducc nid koiotoious clvgs,
rgergsfgs our klid. Tfg korg pgopcg hni gijoy tfgsg pcnhgs dug to tfg ndvnihgd pnralim
enhlclty. Lt nmnli lihrgnsgs tfg rgvgiug ns pgopcg iggd to pny eor pnralim tfglr hnrs. Lt wlcc
ncso provldg sghurlty to tfglr hnrs erok stgnclim.

Ncoim wltf tfgsg pcnhgs wg hni usg tfls systgk li gduhntloinc listltutgs nid kosqugs
wfgrg hnr pnralim nrgn ls nvnlcn`cg. Lt wlcc fgcp pgopcg to pnra tfglr hnr gnslcy wltfout
knalim niy furdcg. Lt wlcc ncso provldg sghurlty to tfglr hnrs erok stgnclim.

0.0
0.0 HO
HOK
KRNP
NPLX
LXOI
OI @G
@GT]
T]G
GGI GVL
VLXT
XTLI
LIM
M NID RPO
POR
ROXGD
X\XTGK:
 Li prgsgit dnys wg nrg enhlim kniy pro`cgks wltf tfg gxlstlim hnr pnralim systgk. Ns wg
iggd to pnra our hnr kniunccy nid tfgrg ls io dlshlpclig li tfls prohgss lt hrgntgs n fumg
furdcg. Rgopcg hni pnra tfglr hnrs niywfgrg tfgy wnit to, wflhf hrgntgs n kgss ns pgopcg
doi“t eoccow n pnrtlhucnr hug kost oe tfg tlkg. Ns n rgsuct oe tfls n fumg trneelh jnk tnags
 pcnhg li tfnt pcnhg. ]flcg pnralim li nid rgtrlgvlim hnr dug klskninmgkgit hnrs hni mgt
dgit `y `ukplim wltf gnhf otfgr ns tfgrg ls cnha oe sueelhlgit spnhg. Tfls cgnds to
nrmukgits, elmfts nkoim pgopcg wflhf sokgtlkgs hrgntg trneelh jnk. Tfls ls ncso ni
ghoioklhnc cosg ns wg iggd to rgpnlr our dnknmgd hnr. Tfls hfnos ncso cgnds to hnrs
hoisuklim gxtrn eugc.

Trneelh jnk ls ni lssug fgrg ns lt alccs our prghlous tlkg. Dug to tfls hfnos li pnralim our 
vncun`cg
vncun`cg tlkg mgts wnstgd. Eor pcnhgs clag sfopplim knccs or nkusgkgit
nkusgkgit pnras lt hnusgs

>4

ghoioklhnc coss, ns dug to tfls hfnos n cot oe pgopcg nrg uiwlcclim to vlslt tfgsg pcnhgs
wflhf dghrgnsg tfg iuk`gr oe tfg hustokgrs li tfgsg pcnhgs. Nmnli tfg hustokgrs mgt cgss
tlkg to `rowsg eor optlois tfroumf tfgsg pcnhgs wflhf hni nmnli cgssgis tfg opportuilty
to sgcclim tfg produhts. Xokgtlkgs tfg hustokgrs hniiot gitgr li tfgsg pcnhgs dug to tfls
 pnralim hfnos. Tfls hnr pnralim fnznrd hnusgs pro`cgk eor tfg studgit nid oeelhg stnee ns
tfgy hniiot rgnhf tfglr dgstlintloi oi tlkg wflhf sokgtlkgs hnusgs fumg coss li tfglr 
rgspghtlvg hnrggr. Lt hni hnusg entnc dnknmg to tfg pntlgits ns lt hni hnusg dgcny eor tfgk
to rgnhf tfg kgdlhnc sgrvlhgs kny `g just n egw ecoor nwny li tfg fospltnc `ulcdlim.
Korgovgr tfgrg ls io pnykgit systgk eor hnr pnralim li kost oe tfg pnralim spnhgs li our 
ho
houit
uitry
ry.. Xo `y litr
litrod
oduhl
uhlim
im tfg
tfg nu
nuto
tokn
kntg
tgd
d hnr pn
pnra
rali
lim
m sy
syst
stgk
gkss wg hn
hni
i fn
fnidc
idcgg tf
tfgg
klskninmgkgit oe pnralim spnhg snvg tlkg nid rghovgr cossgs hnusgd `y tfg gxlstlim
systgk nid ncso gnri koigy `y hfnrmlim koigy eor hnr pnralim.
 >7

  8. FNPD]NPG NID XOET]NPG HOKROIGITX:

8.>NPDWLIO WIO P8 @ONPD:

Nrdulio ls n projght kndg`ytfg cnrmgsttghfilhnc hokkuilty oe gimliggrs, dgvgcopgrs nid

fo``ylsts wfosg monc ls to dgvgcop ldgns nid litgrnhtlvg hoitroc projghts nrouid tfg
worcd, `nsgdoidleegrgittypgsoe gcghtroilh pnigcs `ut promrnkkgd li n cnimunmg Xlimcg
 promrnkklim nid ergg.Xurg, Nrdulio ls iot tfg oicy gcghtroilh hoitroccgr li tfg knragt,
 `ut tfgrg nrg kniy klhro-hoitroccgrs nvnlcn`cgli tfg knragt suhf ns Rnrnccnx, @nslh
Xtnkp nid tfg kost powgreuc hokpgtltor, Pnsp`grry Rl, ncc wltf powgreuc hnpn`lcltlgs nid

tfg n`lclty to wora. Eucc projghts, oe hoursg dgpgidlim oi tfg iggds oe your projght, `ut
wfnt dlstlimulsfgs tfg eoccowlim Nrdulio Opgi sourhg pcnteork Opgi Xourhg Fnrdwnrg
nid Xoetwnrg.

Nrduli
Nrdulio
o lskndg
lskndg prlknr
prlknrlcy
lcyoe
oe NTKGMN
NTKGMN6
6 nid NTKGMN
NTKGMN>56
>56 hoitroc
hoitroccgr
cgrs,
s, nid ncc lts
dgslmis nrg clhgisgd uidgr tfg Hrgntlvg Hokkois clhgisg. Tfls lstfg kost lkportnit
egnturg eor gcghtroilh hlrhult dgslmigrs `ghnusg lt knags lt gnslgr eor tfgk to dgslmi
niytflim tfgy wnit. Tfg soetwnrg ls wrlttgi li H++, nid ls nvnlcn`cg to gvgryoigto
dowicond nid promrnkkgrs hni kodley lt nhhordlim to tfglr iggds.

Lt ls tfg kost wldgcy usgd nid wldgcy usgdoig oe tfg kniy Nrdulio's. Lt ls tfg elrst hfolhg
 eor `gmliigrs. Lt ls gnsy to cgnri. Lt opgrntgs wltf ni NTkgmn806 hoitroccgr. Tfls typg fns
>4 dlmltnc ports (L / O), 5 oe wflhf hni `g usgd ns ports to hoitroc tfg " R]K Outputs ",
tfg kost lkportnit egnturg oe tfls typg ls tfnt tfg hoitroc hflp" NTkgmn806 "ls iot elxgd
li tfg `onrd, `ut listnccgd oi tfg focdgr oe tfg litgmrntgd hlrhult" LH ".

Pgstorg your wora oi tfg `onrd ns sooi ns you hfnimg tfg scldg. Tfg NTkgmn806
hoitroccgr
hoitroccgr ls slklcnr
slklcnr to tfg snkg kodgc.
kodgc. Tfg elrst-gvgr
elrst-gvgr typg oe Nrdulio's kotfgr`onrd
kotfgr`onrd ls
tfg NTkgmn80u4hoitroccgr ,wflhf fns n uilqug egnturg tfnt hoitnlis n `ulct-li WX@
hoiightloi, gclklintlim tfg iggd to usg n sghoidnry prohgssor. Tfg egnturg nccows tfg
 pnigc ns sooi ns lt ls hoiightgd to your dgvlhg to nppgnr ns n agy`onrd nid kousg, wflhf
knags lt ldgnccy sultgd to `ulcd vnrlous nppclhntlois tfnt gin`cgs
gin` cgs you to hoitroc your RH.

>5

Nrdulio/Mgiulio Wio ls n klhrohoitroccgr `onrd, wflhf ls `nsgd oi tfg NTkgmn806R

klhrohoitroccgr. Tfls `onrd fns >4 dlmltnc liput/output plis oe wflhf 5 hni `g usgd ns
R]K outputs, 5 nincom liputs, n >5 KFz qunrtz hrystnc, n WX@ hoiightloi, n powgr jnha,
ni LHXR fgndgr nid n rgsgt `uttoi li sfort lt hoitnlis gvgrytflim iggdgd to support tfg
klhrohoitroccgr. ]g hni hoiight lt to n hokputgr wltf n WX@ hn`cg or powgr lt wltf ni
NH-to-DH ndnptgr or `nttgry to mgt stnrtgd. Lt ls inkgd ns Nrdulio Wio ns –Wio‛ kgnis
oig li Ltnclni nid wns hfosgi to knra tfg rgcgnsg oe Nrdulio Xoetwnrg (LDG) >.2, tfg Wio
 `onrd nid vgrsloi oe Nrdulio. Tfg Wio `onrd ls tfg elrst li n sgrlgs oe WX@ Nrdulio
 `onrds, rgegrgihg kodgc eor tfg Nrdulio pcnteork.
 Elmurg 8.>: Nrdulio P8 @onrd

Tfg Nrdulio Wio P8 ls n klhrohoitroccgr `onrd `nsgd oi n rgkovn`cg, dunc-liclig-

 pnhanmg (DLR) NTkgmn806
NTkgmn80 6 NUP klhrohoitroccgr. Lt fns 02 dlmltnc liput/output plis (oe 
wflhf 5 hni `g usgd ns R]K outputs nid 5 hni `g usgd ns nincom liputs). Rromrnks hni
 `g condgd oi to lt erok tfg gnsy-to-usg Nrdulio hokputgr promrnk.
p romrnk. Tfg Nrdulio fns ni
gxtgislvg support hokkuilty, wflhf knags lt n vgry gnsy wny to mgt stnrtgd woralim

wltf gk`gddgd gcghtroilhs. Tfg P8 ls tfg tflrd, nid cntgst, rgvlsloi oe tfg Nrdulio Wio.

8.0 LP (LIEPNPGD) XGIXOP:

>=

Ni liernrgd sgisor ls ni gcghtroilh dgvlhg tfnt gklts li ordgr to sgisg sokg nspghts oe tfg

surrouidlims. Ni LP sgisor hni kgnsurg tfg fgnt oe ni o`jght ns wgcc ns dgtghts tfg
kotloi.Tfgsg typgs oe sgisors kgnsurgs oicy liernrgd rndlntloi, rntfgr tfni gklttlim lt
tfnt ls hnccgd ns n pnsslvg LP sgisor. Wsunccy li tfg liernrgd spghtruk, ncc tfg o`jghts
rndlntg sokg eork oe tfgrknc rndlntlois. Tfgsg typgs oe rndlntlois nrg livlsl`cg to our 
gygs tfnt hni `g dgtghtgd `y ni liernrgd sgisor.Tfg gklttgr ls slkpcy ni LP CGD (Clmft
Gklttlim Dlodg) nid tfg dgtghtor ls slkpcy ni LP pfotodlodg wflhf ls sgisltlvg to LP clmft
oe tfg snkg wnvgcgimtf ns tfnt gklttgd `y tfg LP CGD. ]fgi LP clmft enccs oi tfg
 pfotodlodg, tfg rgslstnihgs nid tfgsg output voctnmgs, hfnimg li proportloi to tfg
knmiltudg oe tfg LP clmft rghglvgd.

 
 Elm 8.0:LP sgisor 

LP XGIXOP HLPHWLT DLNMPNK NID ]OPALIM RPLIHLRCG

Ni liernrgd sgisor hlrhult ls oig oe tfg `nslh nid popucnr sgisor koducgs li ni gcghtroilh
dgvlhg. Tfls sgisor ls nincomous to fukni“s vlsloinry sgisgs, wflhf hni `g usgd to dgtght
o`stnhcgs nid lt ls oig oe tfg hokkoi nppclhntlois li rgnc tlkg.Tfls hlrhult hokprlsgs oe 
tfg eoccowlim hokpoigits:

>. CK876 LH 0 LP trnisklttgr nid rghglvgr pnlr 

0. Pgslstors oe tfg rnimg oe alco ofks

>6

8. Unrln`cg rgslstors

4. CGD (Clmft Gklttlim Dlodg)

LP Xgisor hlrhult:

]fgi tfg LP rghglvgr dogs iot rghglvg n slminc, tfg potgitlnc nt tfg livgrtlim liput mogs
flmfgr tfni tfnt ioi-livgrtlim liput oe tfg hokpnrntor LH (CK88<). Tfus tfg output oe 
tfg hokpnrntor mogs cow, `ut tfg CGD dogs iot mcow. ]fgi tfg LP rghglvgr koducg
rghglvgs slminc to tfg potgitlnc nt tfg livgrtlim liput mogs cow. Tfus tfg output oe tfg
hokpnrntor (CK 88<) mogs flmf nid tfg CGD stnrts mcowlim. Pgslstor P> (>22 ), P0
(>2a) nid P8 (882) nrg usgd to gisurg tfnt klilkuk >2 kN hurrgit pnssgs tfroumf tfg LP 
CGD Dgvlhgs clag Rfotodlodg nid iorknc CGDs rgspghtlvgcy. Pgslstor UP0 (prgsgt;7a )
 ls usgd to ndjust tfg output tgrklincs. Pgslstor UP> (prgsgt;>2a ) ls usgd to sgt tfg
sgisltlvlty oe tfg hlrhult Dlnmrnk.
DLEEGPGIT T\RGX OE LP XGIXOPX NID LTX NRRCLHNTLOIX
LP sgisors nrg hcnsslelgd lito dleegrgit typgs dgpgidlim oi tfg nppclhntlois. Xokg oe tfg
typlhnc nppclhntlois oe dleegrgit typgs oe sgisors nrg:
(n)Tfg spggd sgisor ls usgd eor syihfroilzlim tfg spggd oe kuctlpcg kotors.
(`)Tfg tgkpgrnturg sgisor ls usgd eor lidustrlnc tgkpgrnturg hoitroc.

(h)RLP sgisor ls usgd eor nutokntlh door opgilim systgk nid

(d)Wctrnsoilh sgisor ls usgd eor dlstnihg kgnsurgkgit.
Lts nppclhntlois nrg usgd li vnrlous sgisor `nsgd projghts nid ncso li vnrlous gcghtroilh
dgvlhgs wflhf kgnsurgs tfg tgkpgrnturg tfnt nrg dlshussgd li tfg `gcow.

><

PNDLNTLOI TFGPKOKGTGPX

LP sgisors nrg usgd li rndlntloi tfgrkokgtgrs to kgnsurg tfg tgkpgrnturg dgpgid upoi
tfg tgkpgrnturg nid tfg kntgrlnc oe tfg o`jght nid tfgsg tfgrkokgtgrs fnvg sokg oe tfg
eoccowlim egnturgs:

(g)Kgnsurgkgit wltfout dlrght hoitnht wltf tfg o`jght

(e)Enstgr rgspoisg

(m)Gnsy pnttgri kgnsurgkgits

ECNKG KOILTOPX

Tfgsg typgs oe dgvlhgs nrg usgd eor dgtghtlim tfg clmft gklttgd erok tfg ecnkgs nid to
koiltor fow tfg ecnkgs nrg `urilim. Tfg Clmft gklttgd erok ecnkgs gxtgids erok WU to
LP rgmloi typgs. R`X, R`Xg, Two-hocor dgtghtor, pyro gcghtrlh dgtghtor ls sokg oe tfg
hokkoicy gkpcoygd dgtghtor usgd li ecnkg koiltors.

KOLXTWPG NINC\ZGPX

Kolsturg nincyzgrs usg wnvgcgimtfs wflhf nrg n`sor`gd `y tfg kolsturg li tfg LP rgmloi.
O`jghts nrg lrrndlntgd wltf clmft fnvlim tfgsg wnvgcgimtfs (>.> ·k, >.4 ·k, >.< ·k, nid

0.=·k) nid ncso wltf rgegrgihg wnvgcgimtfs. Tfg Clmfts rgecghtgd erok tfg o`jghts
 dgpgid upoi tfg kolsturg hoitgit nid ls dgtghtgd `y nincyzgr to kgnsurg kolsturg (rntlo
oe rgecghtgd
rgecghtgd clmft nt tfgsg wnvgcgimtfs
wnvgcgimtfs to tfg rgecghtgd
rgecghtgd clmft nt rgegrgihg wnvgcgimtf).
wnvgcgimtf). Li
MnNss RLI pfotod
MnN pfotodlod
lodgs,
gs, R`s pfotoh
pfotohoidu
oiduhtl
htlvg
vg dgtght
dgtghtors
ors nrg gkpcoy
gkpcoygd
gd li kolstu
kolsturg
rg
nincyzgr hlrhults.

MNX NINC\ZGPX

LP sgisors nrg usgd li mns nincyzgrs wflhf usg n`sorptloi hfnrnhtgrlstlhs oe mnsgs li tfg
LP rgml
rgmloi
oi.. Two
Two typg
typgss oe kgtf
kgtfods
ods nrg us
usgd
gd to kg
kgns
nsur
urgg tf
tfgg dg
dgis
islt
lty
y oe mn
mnss su
suhf
hf ns
dlspgrslvg nid ioi dlspgrslvg.

XOKG OE TFG GVNKRCGX OE LP XGIXOP-

02

(n)]ntgr, rohas, solc, vgmgtntloi, ni ntkospfgrg, nid fukni tlssug ncc egnturgs gklt LP 

rndlntloi. Tfg Tfgrknc liernrgd dgtghtors kgnsurg tfgsg rndlntlois li LP rnimg nid knp
tfg spntlnc tgkpgrnturg dlstrl`utlois oe tfg o`jght/nrgn oi ni lknmg. Tfgrknc lknmgrs
usunccy hokposgd oe n X` (lidluk nitlkoiltg), Md Fm (kgrhury-dopgd mgrkniluk), Fm
Hd Tg (kgrhury-hndkluk-tgccurldg) sgisors.

(`)Ni gcghtroilh dgtghtor ls hoocgd to cow tgkpgrnturgs uslim clquld fgcluk or clquld
iltromgi“s
iltromgi“s.. Tfgi tfg Hooclim tfg dgtghtors
dgtghtors gisurgs
gisurgs tfnt tfg rndlnit gigrmy
gigrmy (pfotois)
rghordgd `y tfg dgtghtors hokgs erok tfg tgrrnli nid iot erok tfg nk`lgit tgkpgrnturg oe 
o`jghts wltfli tfg shniigr ltsgce ni LP lknmlim gcghtroilh dgvlhgs.
dgv lhgs.

Tfus, tfls ls ncc n`out LP sgisor hlrhult wltf woralim nid nppclhntlois. Tfgsg sgisors nrg
usgd li kniy sgisor `nsgd gcghtroilhs projghts.

8.8CLMFT GKLTTLIM DLODG(CGD)

Tfg CGD wns 'dlshovgrgd' li tfg encc oe ><5> `y Jnkgs P. @lnrd nid Mnry Rlttkni. Mnry
fnd `ggi woralim li tfg rgcntgd elgcd oe socnr hgccs slihg ><76. Li tfglr geeorts to try to
knagg ni V-`nid
kna V-`nid MnNs
MnNs vnrnht
vnrnhtor
or dlodg
dlodg tfgy
tfgy hrgntg
hrgntgd
d tuiigc
tuiigc dlodgs
dlodgs (wflhf
(wflhf fnd `ggi
dg
dgvgc
vgcop
opgd
gd elrs
elrstt nt Gs
Gsnal
nal).
). Tfgy
Tfgy pcnh
pcnhgd
gd tfg
tfg tu
tuii
iigc
gc dl
dlod
odgg oi n MnNs
MnNs su
su`s
`str
trnt
ntgg ni
nid
d
dlshovgrgd tfnt tfgrg kust `g clmft produhtloi molim oi durlim eorwnrd `lns opgrntloi.
 Tfg XIV->22 wns tfg elrst CGD socd (sukkgr oe ><50). Tfg CGDs wgrg elrst usgd wltf
L@K hokputgrs to rgpcnhg tuimstgi `uc`s tfnt hoitroccgd puihf hnrd rgndgrs (liernrgd
clmft wns sgit tfroumf tfg focgs, or `cohagd `y tfg hnrd).

N clmft-gklttlim dlodg (CGD) ls n sgklhoiduhtor clmft sourhg tfnt gklts clmft wfgi
hurrgit
hurrgit ecows tfroumf lt. Gcghtrois
Gcghtrois li tfg sgklhoiduht
sgklhoiduhtor
or rghok`lig
rghok`lig wltf gcghtroi
gcghtroi focgs,
rgcgnslim gigrmy li tfg eork oe pfotois. Tfg hocor oe tfg clmft (horrgspoidlim to tfg
gigrmy oe tfg pfotois) ls dgtgrkligd `y tfg gigrmy rgqulrgd eor gcghtrois to hross tfg
 `nid mnp oe tfg sgklhoiduhtor. ]fltg clmft ls o`tnligd `y uslim kuctlpcg sgklhoiduhtors
or n cnygr oe clmft-gklttlim pfospfor oi tfg sgklhoiduhtor dgvlhg.Gnrcy CGDs wgrg oetgi
usgd
usgd ns lidlhn
lidlhntor
tor cnkps,
cnkps, rgpcnh
rgpcnhlim
lim skncc
skncc lihnid
lihnidgsh
gshgit
git `uc`s,
`uc`s, nid li sgvgi-
sgvgi-sgm
sgmkgi
kgitt
dlspcnys. Pghgit dgvgcopkgits fnvg produhgd flmf-output wfltg clmft CGDs sultn`cg eor 

0>

rook nid outdoor nrgn clmftlim.

clmftlim. CGDs fnvg cgd to igw dlspcnys nid sgisors,
sgisors, wflcg tfglr 

flmf swlthf
flmf swlthflim
lim rntgs
rntgs nrg usgeuc
usgeuc li ndvnihg
ndvnihgdd hokkui
hokkuilhnlhntl
tlois
ois tghfioc
tghfiocomy
omy.CG
.CGDs
Ds fnvg
fnvg
kniy ndvnitnmgs ovgr lihnidgshgit
lihnidgshgit clmft sourhgs,
sourhgs, lihcudlim
lihcudlim cowgr gigrmy hoisukptloi,
hoisukptloi,
coimgr clegtlkg, lkprovgd pfyslhnc ro`ustigss, sknccgr slzg, nid enstgr swlthflim. CGDs
nrg
nrg us
usgd
gd li np
nppc
pclh
lhnt
ntlo
lois
is ns dlvg
dlvgrs
rsgg ns nv
nvln
lntl
tloi
oi cl
clmf
mftl
tlim,
im, nu
nuto
toko
kotl
tlvg
vg fg
fgnd
ndcn
cnkp
kps,
s,
ndvgrtlslim
ndvgrtlslim,, mgigrnc clmftlim,
clmftlim, trneelh
trneelh slmincs,
slmincs, hnkgrn
hnkgrn ecnsfgs,
ecnsfgs, clmftgd
clmftgd wnccpnpgr,
wnccpnpgr, pcnit
mrowlim clmft nid kgdlhnc dgvlhgs.
  

Elm 8.8: Rli dlnmrnk oe CGD

FO] TFG\ ]OPA?

CGDs hrgntg clmft `y gcghtrocukl

ukligshgihg li n sgkl
gklhoi
oid
duhtor kntgrlnc.
Gcghtrocukligshgihg ls tfg pfgiokgioi oe n kntgrlnc gklttlim clmft wfgi gcghtrlh hurrgit
or ni gcghtrlh elgcd ls pnssgd tfroumf lt - tfls fnppgis wfgi gcghtrois nrg sgit tfroumf tfg
kntgrlnc nid elcc gcghtroi focgs. Ni gcghtroi focg gxlsts wfgrg ni ntok cnhas gcghtrois
(igmntlvgcy hfnrmgd) nid tfgrgeorg fns n posltlvg hfnrmg. Xgklhoiduhtor kntgrlncs clag
mgrkniluk or slclhoi hni `g "dopgd" to hrgntg nid hoitroc tfg iuk`gr oe gcghtroi focgs.
Doplim ls tfg nddlim oe otfgr gcgkgits to tfg sgklhoiduhtor kntgrlnc to hfnimg lts

00

 propgrtlgs. @y doplim n sgklhoiduhtor you hni knag two sgpnrntg typgs oe 

sgklhoiduht
sgklh oiduhtors
ors li tfg snkg hrystnc. Tfg `ouidnry `gtwggi tfg two typgs ls hnccgd n p-i
 juihtloi. Tfg juihtloi oicy nccows hurrgit to pnss tfroumf lt oig wny, tfls ls wfy tfgy nrg
usgd ns dlodgs. CGDs nrg kndg uslim p-i juihtlois. Ns gcghtrois pnss tfroumf oig hrystnc
to tfg otfgr tfgy elcc gcghtroi focgs. Tfgy gklt pfotois (clmft). Tfls ls ncso fow tfg
sgklhoiduhtor cnsgr woras.

DLEEGPGIT T\RGX OE HOCOPX LI CGD“X

Pgd nid Liernrgd CGDs nrg kndg wltf mnccluk nrsgildg.

@rlmft @cug ls kndg wltf MnI -mnccluk iltrldg.

]fltg CGDs nrg kndg wltf yttrluk ncukliuk mnrigt.

Tfgrg nrg ncso ornimg, mrggi, `cug, vlocgt, purpcg, uctrnvlocgt CGDs.

NDUNITNMGX:

-Gigrmy geelhlgit sourhg oe clmft eor sfort dlstnihgs nid skncc nrgns. Tfg typlhnc CGD
rgqulrgs oicy 82-52 klcclwntts to opgrntg.

-Durn`cg nid sfohaprooe uiclag mcnss `uc` cnkp typgs.

 DLXNDUNITNMGX:

-Kny
-Kny `g uirgcl
uirgcln`cg
n`cg li outsld
outsldgg nppclh
nppclhntl
ntlois
ois wltf
wltf mrgnt
mrgnt vnrlnt
vnrlntloi
loiss li sukkgr
sukkgr/wl
/wlitg
itgr 
r 
tgkpgrnturgs, korg wora ls `glim doig iow to socvg tfls pro`cgk.

-Xgklhoiduhtors nrg sgisltlvg to `glim dnknmgd `y fgnt, so cnrmg fgnt slias kust `g
gkpcoygd to aggp powgreuc nrrnys hooc, sokgtlkgs n eni ls rgqulrgd. Tfls ndds to host
nid n eni mrgntcy rgduhgs tfg gigrmy geelhlgit ndvnitnmg oe CGDs, lt ls ncso proig to
enlcurg wflhf cgnds to uilt enlcurg.

-Pnrg gnrtf kgtncs usgd li CGDs nrg su`jght to prlhg hoitroc koiopoclgs `y hgrtnli
intlois.

08

8.4 XGPUO KOTOP 

Tfg sgrvo kotor ls kost hokkoicy usgd eor flmf tghfiocomy dgvlhgs li tfg lidustrlnc
nppclhn
nppclhntlo
tlois
is clag
clag nutokn
nutokntl
tloi
oi tghfio
tghfiocom
comy.
y. Lt ls n sgce
sgce hoitnli
hoitnligd
gd gcghtr
gcghtrlhnc
lhnc dgvlhg
dgvlhg tfnt
tfnt
rotntgs pnrts oe knhflig wltf flmf geelhlgihy nid mrgnt prghlsloi. Korgovgr tfg output
sfnet oe tfls kotor hni `g kovgd to n pnrtlhucnr nimcg. Xgrvo kotors nrg knlicy usgd li
fokg gcghtroilhs, toys, hnrs, nlrpcnigs nid kniy korg dgvlhgs.

Tfus tfls `com dlshussgs tfg dgeliltloi, typgs, kghfnilsk, prlihlpcg, woralim, hoitrocclim,
ho itrocclim,
nid cnstcy tfg nppclhntlois oe n sgrvo knhflig.

N sgrvo kotor ls n rotnry nhtuntor or n kotor tfnt nccows eor n prghlsg hoitroc li tgrks oe 
tfg nimucnr posltloi, nhhgcgrntloi, nid vgcohlty. @nslhnccy lt fns hgrtnli hnpn`lcltlgs tfnt n
rgmucnr kotor dogs iot fnvg. Hoisgqugitcy lt knags usg oe n rgmucnr kotor nid pnlrs lt
wltf n sgisor eor posltloi eggd`nha.

T\RGX OE XGPUO KOTOPX:

Xgrvo kotors hni `g oe dleegrgit typgs oi tfg `nsls oe tfglr nppclhntlois. Tfg kost
lkport
lkportnit
nit nkoims
nkoimstt tfgk
tfgk nrg:
nrg: NH sgrvo
sgrvo kotor,
kotor, DH sgrvo
sgrvo kotor,
kotor, `rusfc
`rusfcgss
gss DH sgrvo
sgrvo

kotor, posltloinc rotntloi sgrvo kotor, hoitliuous rotntloi sgrvo kotor, nid clignr sgrvo
 kotor.

N typlhnc sgrvo kotor hokprlsgs oe tfrgg wlrgs inkgcy- powgr, hoitroc, nid mrouid. Tfg
sfnpg nid slzg oe tfgsg kotors dgpgids oi tfglr nppclhntlois.

04

Elm 8.4:sgrvo kotor 

8.7HOIIGHTLIM
8.7HOIIGHTLIM ]LPGX:

Hoiightlim wlrgs nccows ni gcghtrlhnc hurrgit to trnvgc erok oig polit oi n hlrhult to
niotfgr `ghnusg gcghtrlhlty iggds n kgdluk tfroumf wflhf lt hni kovg. Kost oe tfg
hoiig
hoiight
htli
lim
m wl
wlrg
rgss nr
nrgg kn
kndg
dg up oe ho
hopp
ppgr
gr or nc
ncuk
ukli
liuk
uk.. Ho
Hopp
ppgr
gr ls hf
hfgn
gnp
p ni
nid
d moo
mood
d
hoid
hoiduh
uhttlv
lvlt
lty.
y. Lis
istg
tgnd
nd oe tfg ho
hopp
ppgr
gr,, wg hn
hni
i nc
ncso
so us
usgg sl
slccvg
vgrr wf
wfllhf fn
fnss fl
flmf
mf
hoiduhtlvlty `ut lt ls too hostcy to usg.
  

07

  Elmurg8.7: hoiightlim wlrgs

8.5NPDWLIO XOET]NPG:

Nrdulio ls ni opgi-sourhg fnrdwnrg nid

fnrdwnrg nid soetwnrg hokpniy,
soetwnrg hokpniy, projght nid usgr hokkuilty
tfnt dgslmis nid kniuenhturg
kniuenhturgss slimcg-`onrd klhrohoitroccgrs nid
klhrohoitroccgrs nid klhrohoitroccgr  alts
 alts eor 
 `ulcdlim dlmltnc dgvlhgs. Lts produhts
produ hts nrg clhgisgd uidgr tfg MIW Cgssgr Mgigrnc Ru`clh
Clhgisg (CMRC)
Clhgisg Clhgisg (MRC),Q>[ pgrklttlim tfg kniuenhturg
 (CMRC) or tfg MIW Mgigrnc Ru`clh Clhgisg (MRC),
oe Nrdulio `onrds nid soetwnrg dlstrl`utloi `y niyoig. Nrdulio `onrds nrg nvnlcn`cg
hokkgrhlnccy li prgnssgk`cgd eork or ns do-lt-yoursgce  (DL\)
 (DL\) alts.

Nrdulio `onrd dgslmis usg n vnrlgty oe klhroprohgssors nid

klhroprohgssors nid hoitroccgrs. Tfg `onrds nrg
gqulppgd wltf sgts oe dlmltnc nid nincom liput/output (L/O)
liput/output (L/O) plis tfnt kny `g litgrenhgd to
vnrlous gxpnisloi `onrds or `rgnd`onrds  ( sflgcds) nid otfgr hlrhults. Tfg `onrds egnturg
or `rgnd`onrds (
sgrlnc hokkuilhntlois litgrenhgs, lihcudlim Wilvgrsnc Xgrlnc @us
@us (WX@)
 (WX@) oi sokg kodgcs,
wflhf nrg ncso usgd eor condlim promrnks erok pgrsoinc hokputgrs. Tfg klhrohoitroccgrs
hni `g promrn
promrnkkg
kkgd
d uslim
uslim H nid H++ 
H++ promrnkklim
 promrnkklim cnimunmgs.
cnimunmgs. Li nd
nddl
dltl
tloi
oi to us
usli
lim
m
trndltloinc hokplcgr  toochfnlis,
toochfnlis, tfg Nrdulio projght provldgs ni litgmrntgd dgvgcopkgit
givlroikgit (LDG)
givlroikgit  (LDG) `nsgd oi tfg Rrohgsslim cnimunmg
Rrohgsslim cnimunmg projght.

Tfg Nrdulio projght stnrtgd li 0227 ns n promrnk eor studgits nt tfg Litgrnhtloi Dgslmi
Listltutg Lvrgn li
Lvrgn li Lvrgn,
Lvrgn, Ltncy, nlklim to provldg n cow-host nid gnsy wny eor iovlhgs nid
  proegssloincs to hrgntg dgvlhgs tfnt litgrnht wltf tfglr givlroikgit
uslim sgisors nid
sgisors nid nhtuntors.
nhtuntors. Hokkoi gxnkpcgs oe suhf dgvlhgs litgidgd eor `gmliigr 
fo``ylsts lihcudg slkpcg ro`ots
ro`ots,, tfgrkostnts nid
tfgrkostnts nid kotloi dgtghtors.
dgtghtors.

Tfg inkg  Nrdulio hokgs erok n `nr li Lvrgn,

Lvrgn, Ltncy, wfgrg sokg oe tfg eouidgrs oe tfg
 projght usgd to kggt. Tfg `nr wns inkgd netgr Nr
Nrdu
duli
lio
o oe Lv
Lvrg
rgnn, wfo wns
tfg knrmrnvg oe
knrmrnvg oe tfg Knrhf oe Lvrgn nid
Lvrgn nid Alim oe Ltncy erok
Ltncy erok >220 to >2>4.

05

 
 4.PGXWCT:

4.> RPOTOT\RG KGHFNILXK

]fgi n hnr nrrlvgs lt opgis tfg mntg oicy wfgi tfgrg nrg gkpty spnhgs cget. Le tfgrg ls
iot niy gkpty scot tfgi tfg mntg dogs
do gs iot opgi. Nid wfnt le
le tfgrg ls
ls n socutloi
socutloi li wflhf
wflhf
tfg stntus oe gnhf nid gvgry pnralim spnhg ls vlsl`cg to you ns sooi ns you gitgr tfg
 pnralim cot. @nslhnccy, lihrgkg it tfg houit   gv
@nslhnc cy, you lihrgkgit gvgr
gry
y tl
tlkg
kg n hn
hnrr ho
hok
kgs li ni
nid
d
dghrgkgit wfgi lt mogs out. Tfg CGD li tfg systgk slkpcy lidlhntgs tfnt tfg vgflhcg ls
 propgrcy
 propg rcy houitgd
hou itgd ns
n s lt clmfts
clmf ts oi gvgry
g vgry tlkg
tl kg n hnr pnssgs
p nssgs tfroumf
tf roumf tfg sgisor.
sgi sor.

0=

4.0 @COHA DLNMPNK OE RPOJGHT:

  elm 4.0:`coha dlnmrnk

4.8HNCHWCNTLOI:

Liltlnccy: Houit ; i1 nccohntgd scot ; 21 Iuk`gr oe scot ; n1 Xtopwnthf io ; nccohntgd scot1

 Xtopwnthf vncug (i) ; gcnpsgd tlkg1 prlhg
p rlhg oe scot (i) ; Xtopwnthf vncug*prlhg pgr ui
uilt1
lt1

Tlkg to rgnhf tfg >st scot erok gitrnihg ; k1 dlstnihgN ; i*k1 dlstnihg@ ; o*i1

Tlkg to rgnhf tfg cnst scot erok gxlt ; o1 dlstnihg>; i+ dlstnihgN1 dlstnihg0 ; i+
dlstnihg.

Netgr gvgry liput: nccohntgd scot ; nccohntgd scot + >1

> 1 i ; i+>1

4.4ECO]HFNPT:

06

  Elm 4.4:ecowhfnrt
 4.7 HLPHWLT DLNMPNK:

0<

elm 4.7:hlrhult dlnmrnk

DNTN NINC\XLX NID PGXWCT:

Fnvlim tfg gquntlois lt ls gnsy to hnchucntg snvlims nid eugc hoisukptloi. Fgrg oicy tfg
 prototypg fns `ggi hoisldgrgd, lt ls ni npproxlkntg hnchucntloi:
 Ltgk Kniunc Hnr
Hnr Rnralim
Rnralim Xystgk
Xystgk Nutokntgd
Nutokntgd Hnr Rnralim
Rnralim Xystgk
Xystgk Host pgr
pgr sq.et (ta)
>622 0222 Xpnhg iggdgd pgr scot (et) >7/6 >7/6 Knlitginihg host pgr koitf (ta) 62222
87222 Xtnee iggdgd nt tfg pnralim 6 7 Eugc hoisukgd pgr four pgr >22 ak (cltgr) 0 >.<
Nvgr
Nvgrnm
nmgg dlst
dlstnih
nihgg trnvg
trnvgcg
cgd
d `y n hn
hnrr to pn
pnra
ra li or pn
pnra
ra ou
outt (a
(ak)
k) 46
46.25
.25 47.><
47.>< Eu
Eugc
gc
hoisukgd
hoisukgd pgr hnr to pnra li or pnra out n hnr (cltgr)
(cltgr) 2.05= 2.24= Totnc eugc hoisukptloi
hoisukptloi
 pgr dny Nvgrnmg tlkg iggdgd to pnra li or pnra out n hnr (kliutgs) 6 >.7 Nvgrnmg tlkg
to wnlt li n qugug (kliutgs)
(kliutgs) >.7 7->2 Tlkg snvgd
snvgd (kliutgs)
(kliutgs) 5.7 2 Totnc MFM gklssloi
gklssloi
 pgr ak (ppk) 52 >72 Totnc MFM gklssloi pgr four (ppk)

  7.GHOIOKLH OUGPULG]:

82

7.> GHOIOKLHNC @GIGELTX OE NWTOKNTGD HNP RNPALIM

X\XTGK:

(n)Korg proeltn`cg cnid usg:

Nutokntgd pnralim systgks (or NRX) rgqulrg slmilelhnitcy cgss nrgn nid vocukg eor n
mlvgi iuk`gr oe pnralim spnhgs tfni otfgr pnralim optlois. NRX gin`cgs tfg korg
 proeltn`cg usg oe vncun`cg cnid eor tginits, mrggi spnhg gth. nid provldg propgrty
dg
dgvgc
vgcop
opgr
grss vn
vnrl
rlou
ouss optlo
optlois
is su
suhf
hf ns
ns:: kl
klil
ilkl
klzl
zlim
im tf
tfgg nr
nrgn
gn ig
iggdg
gdgd
d eo
eorr pn
pnra
rali
lim
m to
knxlklzlim tfg iuk`gr oe pnralim spnhgs or sokg optlkuk polit li `gtwggi tfg two.

(`)Rnralim optlklzgd eor proeltn`lclty:

Hoivgitloinc pnralim socutlois nrg too cnrmg or uiegnsl`cg wfgrgns tfg dgslmi ecgxl`lclty
oe NRX nccows tfgk to elt li cohntlois or nrgns. NRX hni `g listnccgd lisldg, uidgr or 
 `gtwggi gxlstlim struhturgs, vgry inrrow nid dggp nrgns nid gvgi lrrgmucnrcy sfnpgd
spnhgs: forlzoitnccy, vgrtlhnccy or `otf. NRX fgcp lihrgnsg proeltn`lclty `y uslim uiusn`cg
or cowgr vncug spnhg eor hnr pnralim.

(h)Hnpltnc host:
 Tfg hokkoi ldgn tfnt tfg NRX ncwnys host korg tfni kuctl-story pnralim mnrnmgs ls
ovgrcy slkpclstlh
slkpclstlh nid ergqugitcy lihorrght. NRX hni `g rgpcnhgkgits eor hoivgitloinc hnr 
 pnras NRX“s su`stnitlnccy sknccgr slzg nid dgslmi ecgxl`lclty hni slmilelhnitcy sflet hnpltnc
host nid projght proeltn`lclty eor le tfg dgvgcopgrs lihorporntg tfgk lito prgclklinry
dgslmis.

(d)Pgduhgd eugc nid knlitnlilim

knlitnlilim hosts:

Opgrntloi nid knlitginihg hosts nrg flmfcy spghlelh to gnhf nppclhntloi. NRX fnvg tfg
ndvnitnmg oe rgqulrlim io or klilknc clmftlim, vgitlcntloi, elrg supprgssloi, koiltorlim,
hcgn
hcgni
i up
up,, st
stne
neee ni
nid
d sg
sghu
hurl
rlty
ty kgns
kgnsur
urgs
gs li tf
tfgg ui
uioh
ohhup
huplg
lgd
d pnral
pnralim
im nr
nrgn
gn ui
uicl
clag
ag tf
tfgg
hoivgitloinc hnr pnra.

8>

(g) Xustnlin`cg `ulcdlim:

NRX oeegr iukgrous ndvnitnmgs ovgr hoivgitloinc pnralim wfgi lt hokgs to mrggi spnhg,
gklsslois nid hnr`oi eootprlit rgduhtloi, socnr nhhgss, stork wntgr ruioee nid korg:
Mrggifousg mnsgs (UOHs, HO, IO, gth.) hni `g rgduhgd 52 to 67% slihg io drlvlim ls
rgqu
rgqulr
lrgd
gd to elid
elid sp
spnh
nhgs
gs ni
nid
d pnra
pnra hn
hnrs
rs,, pg
pgrk
rklt
lt korg
korg mr
mrgg
ggi
i sp
spnh
nhgg `y rg
rgduh
duhli
lim
m cn
cnid
id
rgqulrgkgits, NRX hni `g su`stnitlnccy korg gigrmy geelhlgit tfni hoivgitloinc pnralim
socutlois, gspghlnccy li uidgrmrouid or gihcosgd pnralim nppclhntlois, cgss gxhnvntloi
dgptf oe NRX klilklzgs tfg potgitlnc mrouidwntgr lkpnht, uiclag tfg hoivgitloinc hnr 
 pnralim NRX rgqulrg kuhf cgss `ulcdlim kntgrlnc, NRX hni klilklzg tfg o`struhtloi oe 

vlgws nid suiclmft ,rghyhclim oe flmf vncug `ulcdlim kntgrlncs suhf ns stggc.

(e)Lifgrgit sghurltlgs:

Tfg NRX hoihgpt lifgrgitcy provldgs kuhf flmfgr cgvgcs oe protghtloi nid sghurlty eor 
hnrs, tfglr hoitgits nid tfglr drlvgrs. Unidnclsk nid tfget nrg vlrtunccy lkpossl`cg li ni
NRX. Rgrsoinc sghurlty ls kuhf flmfgr tfni li hnr pnras slihg drlvgrs nid pnssgimgrs nrg
ncwnys li wgcc-clmftgd, flmfcy vlsl`cg/pu`clh gitry nid gxlt nrgns nt strggt cgvgc. NRX nrg
ncso
ncso ni ldgn
ldgncc so
socu
cutl
tloi
oi eor
eor tfg
tfg fn
fnidl
idlhn
hnppg
ppgd
d sl
slih
ihgg gi
gitr
try
y ni
nid
d gxlt
gxlt `n
`nys
ys hn
hni
i rg
rgnd
ndlc
lcy
y

nhhokkodntg spghlelh rgqulrgkgits nid `ulcdlim hodgs.

 (m)Cowgr rlsa nid cln`lclty:

Lisurnihg prgkluks nrg oetgi fgnvlcy liecugihgd `y tfg pro`n`lclty oe nhhldgits or otfgr 
gvgits ohhurrlim, fgrg NRX kny fgcp ns NRX klilklzg tfg potgitlnc eor propgrty dnknmg,
tfget, pgrsoinc lijury or dgntf. Tfg possl`lclty oe dgits, shrnthfgs, otfgr dnknmg nid
vnidnclsk to hnrs, tfget oe propgrty erok hnrs, hnr tfget, ro``gry, nrsoi, elrg, nssnuct, rnpg,
enccs nid sulhldg hni `g rgduhgd
rgduhg d mrgntcy `y uslim tfg lifgrgit snegty nid sghurlty oe NRX.

(f)Tnx ndvnitnmgs:

Tfg propgrty dgvgcopgrs kny fnvg slmilelhnit tnx ndvnitnmgs li tfg eork oe nhhgcgrntgd
dgprghlntloi hokpnrgd to hnr pnras or pnralim mnrnmgs `y uslim NRX. Xgvgrnc houitrlgs

80

 pgrklt enstgr, or nhhgcgrntgd, dgprghlntloi rntgs eor gqulpkgit `nsgd oi lts usgeuc cleg ns

gqulpkgit vncug dghcligs nt n enstgr rntg li tfg gnrclgr ygnrs. NRX kny `g gclml`cg eor 
kuhf flmfgr dgprghlntloi rntgs lihrgnslim proeltn`lclty hokpnrgd to tfg 07 to 72 ygnr 
dgprghlntloi oe `ulcdlims suhf ns hnr pnras.

(l)Enstgr hoistruhtlois
hoistruhtlois::

NRX nrg typlhnccy enstgr nid gnslgr to listncc `ghnusg oe kuhf sknccgr nid flmfcy prg-
en`rlh
en`rlhntg
ntgd
d str
struht
uhturg
urgs,
s, tfni
tfni cnrmgr
cnrmgr koiocl
koiocltfl
tflhh hoihrg
hoihrgtg
tg hnr pnras.
pnras. Tfgrg
Tfgrg ls kuhf
kuhf cgss
cgss
vocukg to gxhnvntg
gxhnvntg nid trnisport
trnisport , tfls cgnds to rgduhgd hoistruhtlo
hoistruhtloi
i hosts,
hosts, cgss litgrgst
litgrgst
durlim hoistruhtloi nid n enstgr stnrt oe rgvgiug mgigrntloi.

(j)Lkprovgd proeltn`lclty
proeltn`lclty nid otfgr enhtors:

Cgss qunitleln`cg `gigelts oe NRX tfnt hni lkprovg proeltn`lclty eor dgvgcopgrs lihcudg:

(n)Cohntloi: - NRX hni ndd to tfg vncug oe tfg cohntloi ns lt hni mnli pgopcg“s nttgitloi.

(`)Pgduhgd vlsunc lkpnht: @y uslim NRX wg hni rgduhg tfg spnhg pnralim scot tfnt hni
rgduhg
rgduhg cgnsg/
cgnsg/rgi
rgitnc
tnc rntgs
rntgs tfg cowgr
cowgr fglmft
fglmftss nid sknccg
sknccgrr vocukg
vocukgss oe NRX klilkl
klilklzg
zg
o`struhtloi oe vlgws nid suisflig.
 (h)Ngs
(h)Ngstfg
tfgtlh
tlhs:
s: NRX to `cgid
`cgid li to tfg surrou
surrouidl
idlims
ims ns lt fns hustok
hustoklzn
lzn`cg
`cg gxtgri
gxtgrinc
nc
trgntkgits.

NRX (nutokntgd pnralim systgks) provldg propgrty dgvgcopgrs n iukgrous `gigelts nid
opportuiltlgs eor hnr pnralim, so n hfnimg li tflialim ls iggdgd to tnag ndvnitnmg oe NRX.

7.0 G^WNTLOI EOP DNTN NINC\XLX:

Li tfls study wg“vg hoisldgrgd oi tfg nincysls oe eugc hoisukptloi, tlkg snvlim nid MFM

gklssloi rgduhtloi. Tfls nincysls fns `ggi doig hoisldgrlim tfg dntn erok tfg prototypg:

#Eugc hoisukptloi:

88

Tfg eugc hoisukptloi pgr dny eor ni nutokntgd hnr pnralim systgk hnchucntgd uslim tfg

eoccowlim gquntloi:

EH;I.X.ND.e.t

]fgrg, EH ; eugc host1

 I ; Totnc iuk`gr oe hnr pnragd nid rgtrlgvgd li oig dny1

X ; Xpggd oe hnr pnralim trny1

ND ; Nvgrnmg dlstnihg trnvgcgd1

e; Eugc usgd pgr uilt dlstnihg1

t ; Nvgrnmg tlkg to pnra nid rgtrlgvg n hnr (li sghoids)

#Tlkg snvlim:

Tlkg hoisukgd li to pnra nid rgtrlgvg n hnr ls hnchucntgd `y:

TX ; TK ‘ T....(>)

T ; (Dp*t) + (DP*t) + tg......(0)

 ]fgrg, TX ; Tlkg snvgd `y nutokntgd hnr pnralim systgk1

T ; tlkg hoisukgd eor nutokntgd pnralim systgk1

TK ; Tlkg hoisukgd eor kniunc hnr pnralim1

Dp ; Dlstnihg oe scot erok gitrnihg1

DP ; Dlstnihg oe scot erok gxlt1

t ; tlkg to trnvgc pgr uilt dlstnihg1

tg ; Nvgrnmg tlkg gcnpsgd nt gxlt mntg1

84

#MFM Gklssloi:

Tfg rgduhtloi oe MFM gklssloi rntg ls hnchucntgd `y tfg eoccowlim eorkucn:

MPG ; TX*MP

]fgrg,

MPG ; Pgduhgd gklssloi oe MFM1

T ; Tlkg snvgd1

MP ; Pntg oe MFM gklssloi pgr uilt tlkg1

 87

  5.HOIHCWXLOI:

Netgr dolim study oi NHR projght lt ls eouid tfnt NHR systgks hni `g litroduhgd li our 
houitry nid lt wlcc `g `gigelhlnry li tfg hoitgxt oe our houitry. Tfg knli `gigelts nrg
tlkg nid eugc snvlim. Lt hni ncso provldg sustnlin`cg pnralim kninmgkgit li ni gho-
erlgidcy kniigr. Ns tfg MFM gklssloi wlcc `g cgss li nkouit nid tfg surrouidlims wlcc
 `g hcgni. Tfgrg ls cgss knlitginihg host eor tfls systgk so lt ls fgcps tfg propgrty
dgvgcopgr li host snvlim. Lt provldgs sghurlty to tfg pnralim mrouid. NHR systgks rgduhg
tfg fnsscg li pnralim mrouids nid trneelh jnk. Lt wlcc `gigelt tfg propgrty dgvgcopgr to
lihrgnsg tfglr rgvgiug wflhf wlcc ndd to tfg movgrikgit tnx rgvgiug. Xo li n wny lt ls
ncso
ncso fg
fgcp
cpli
lim
m tfg
tfg mo
movg
vgri
rikg
kgit
it `y lihr
lihrgns
gnsli
lim
m tn
tnx
x rg
rgvg
vgiug
iug.. Lt wl
wlcc
cc nc
ncso
so gi
giho
hour
urnm
nmgg
Nutokntloi Gimliggrlim li our houitry wflhf wlcc knag ndvnihgkgit li lihrgnslim
usnmg oe tghfiocomy. Tfgrgeorg wg sfoucd litroduhg NHR systgks nid gijoy tfg `gigelts.
 85

  =. EWTWPG LDGNX:

=.> Xknrt rghomiltloi oe hnrs:

]g hni rghomilzg tfg hnrs `y tfglr iuk`gr pcntgs wltf tfg fgcp oe lknmg prohgsslim li
NHR systgk. @y uslim tfls typg oe tghfiocomy usgrs hni dlrghtcy pny eor tfglr hnr pnralim
uslim ko`lcg pfoig“s prgpnld `ncnihg or hnr pnralim nhhouit `ncnihg.

=.0 Wpdntlim usgrs n`out nvnlcn`cg scots nid nhhouit `ncnihg:

Wsgr hni mgt updntgs n`out nvnlcn`cg scots oe n pnrtlhucnr pnralim spnhg nid nhhouit
 `ncnihg `y sgidlim n slkpcg XKX to tfg dntn `nsg.
 8=

  6.PGEGPGIHGX

>. D.J. @oidg, Poflt Xuilc Xfgidg, Nansf Xnk`fnjl Agdnrl, Agtni Xurgsf Mnlawnd nid
Nkoc Wdny @oarg, –Nutokntgd Hnr pnralim systgk hokknidgd `y nidroldnppclhntloi‛

0. Kofnkkgd \ Nncsncgk, ]nzlr Zndn Afni nid Afnlcld Kofnkkgd Dfn``n, –Ni
nutokntgd vgflhcg pnralim kninmgkgit nid koiltorlim systgk uslim NIRP hnkgrns‛

8. K. K. Pnsfld , N. Kusn, K. Ntnur Pnfkni nid I. Enrfnin, N. Enrfnin, –nutokntlh

 pnralim kninmgkgit systgk nid pnralim egg hoccghtloi `nsgd oi iuk`gr pcntg
rghomiltloi‛

4. Unigssn ].X. Tnim, \uni Zfgim nid Jlniioim Hno, –Ni litgcclmgit hnr kninmgkgit
systgk `nsgd oi wlrgcgss sgisor igtworas‛

7. Kncn Nmmnrwnc, Xlkkl Nmmnrwnc nid P.X. Wppnc, –Hokpnrntlvg lkpcgkgitntloi oe 
nutokn
nutokntlh
tlh hnr pnrali
pnralim
m systgk
systgk wltf
wltf cgnst
cgnst dlstni
dlstnihg
hg pnrali
pnralim
m spnhg
spnhg li wlrgcg
wlrgcgss
ss sgisor 
sgisor 
igtworas

5. Xtgvgi @nrrgt, – Nrdulio klhrohoitroccgr: prohgsslim eor gvgryoig‛

=. Nele Kmfnwlsf, Narnk N. N`dgc ^ndgr nid Knfkoud N. Nc-Jgznwl, –Kuctl-euihtloi

 hoitroc systgk uslim MXK kodgk `nsgd XK7>22@ Koducg‛

6. Niltn C. Xfgcag, I.P. Aocfnrg, P.U. Xnrvndiyn nid Ulsfnc N. Animig, –wlrgcgss PE
hokkuilhntloi `nsgd oi DXR‛

<. \.X.G. Ncl, X.@. @nsfl nid K.A. Fnssni, –Klhrohoitroccgr pgre
pgreorknihg
orknihg eor DH kotor 
spggd hoitroc systgk‛ >

>2. L.M.N.R Pnan Nmuim, X.Fudn nid L.].Nrtn .]ljnyn –Xpggd hoitroc eor DH kotor 
wltf pucsg wldtf koducntloi (R]K) kgtfod uslim liernrgd rgkotg hoitroc `nsgd oi
NTkgmn>5 klhrohoitroccgr‛

86

  NRRGIDLV

HODG:
#lihcudg3Xgrvo.f9
lit lid> ; >01
lit lid0 ; >81
lit lid8 ; 01
lit lid4 ; 81
lit lid7 ; 41
lit lr> ; =1
lit lr0 ; 61
lit lr8 ; <1
lit lr4 ; >21
lit lr7 ; >>1
Xgrvo gitrys1
Xgrvo gxlts1
lit gxltLP ; N21
lit gitryLP ; N>1

vold sgtup() {
 pliKodg(lid>, OWTRWT)1
 pliKodg(lid0, OWTRWT)1
 pliKodg(lid8, OWTRWT)1
 pliKodg(lid4, OWTRWT)1
 pliKodg(lid7, OWTRWT)1

gitrys.nttnhf(7)1
 gxlts.nttnhf(5)1
Xgrlnc.`gmli(<522)1
}

vold coop() {
  le(nincomPgnd(nincomPgnd(gitryLP) 9 722)){
  gitrys.wrltg(<2)1
 }
  gcsg le(nincomPgnd(nincomPgnd(gitryLP)
le(nincomPgnd(nincomPgnd(gitryLP) 3 722)){
  gitrys.wrltg(2)1
 }
  le(nincomPgnd(nincomPgnd(gxltLP) 9 722)){
  gxlts.wrltg(<2)1
 }
  gcsg le(nincomPgnd(nincomPgnd(gxltLP)
le(nincomPgnd(nincomPgnd(gxltLP) 3 722)){
  gxlts.wrltg(2)1
 }
  le(dlmltncPgnd(lr>) ;; >){
  dlmltnc]rltg(lid>, FLMF)1

8<

 }
  gcsg{
  dlmltnc]rltg(lid>, CO])1
 }
  le(dlmltncPgnd(lr0) ;; >){
  dlmltnc]rltg(lid0, FLMF)1
 }
  gcsg{
  dlmltnc]rltg(lid0, CO])1
 }

  le(dlmltncPgnd(lr8) ;; >){
  dlmltnc]rltg(lid8, FLMF)1
 }

   gcsg{
dlmltnc]rltg(lid8, CO])1
 }

  le(dlmltncPgnd(lr4) ;; >){
  dlmltnc]rltg(lid4, FLMF)1
 }
  gcsg{
  dlmltnc]rltg(lid4, CO])1
 }

  le(dlmltncPgnd(lr7) ;; >){
  dlmltnc]rltg(lid7, FLMF)1
 }