2022 Sumatra earthquake

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2022 Sumatra earthquake

Ruins of Raya Kajai mosque

Show map of Sumatra Show map of Indonesia Show all

UTC time 2022-02-25 01:39:27

ISC event 622071228

USGS-ANSS ComCat

Local date 25 February 2022

 Local time 8:39:27 WIB (UTC+7)

Magnitude 6.2 Mw

Depth 12.3 km (8 mi)

0.233°N 100.106°ECoordinates:  0.233°N

Epicenter
100.106°E[1]

Fault Great Sumatran fault

Areas affected West Sumatra, Indonesia

Total damage Rp 780 million[2]

Max. intensity VI (Strong)[3]

Foreshocks 5.0 Mw[4]

Aftershocks 201 recorded,[5] strongest is 4.8 Mw[6]

Casualties 14 dead (13 direct + 1 indirect)

388 injured, 4 missing

13,000 displaced

On 25 February 2022, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake struck West Sumatra, Indonesia.

[7]
 According to the U.S. Geological Survey, the earthquake struck at a depth of 12.3
kilometres (7.6 mi) and had an epicenter in Pasaman.[1] At least 14 people died, 388
were injured, and four others were missing. Severe damage occurred in Tigo Nagari
District, Pasaman.[8]

Contents

 1Tectonic setting
 2Earthquake
 3Impact
o 3.1Casualties
 4Response
 5See also
 6References
 7External links

Tectonic setting
Great Sumatra fault

The west coast of Sumatra is dominated by the Sunda megathrust; a 5,500 km[9] long

convergent boundary where the Australian Plate subducts beneath the Burma
Plate and Sunda Plate at a rate of 60 millimetres (2.4 in) per year.[10] Convergence along
this plate boundary is highly oblique, severely deforming the overriding Sunda Plate,
where it is accommodated by strike-slip motion along the Great Sumatran fault. The
Great Sumatran fault is a 1,900-kilometre (1,200 mi)-long strike-slip fault system located
on the island of Sumatra. The fault is divided into about 20 segments. [11] The subduction
zone offshore Sumatra was responsible for several large earthquakes
in 2004 and 2005. Dip-slip faults can rupture within the downgoing Australian Plate as
well; the 2009 magnitude 7.6 earthquake near Padang was caused by reverse faulting
at a depth of 80 km (50 mi).[12] Occasionally, the subduction plate interface ruptures in
earthquakes that reaches the trench, triggering large tsunamis such as in 1907, 2004
and 2010.[13] The Great Sumatran fault was the source of the 1994 Liwa and 1995
Kerinci earthquakes. It produced its largest earthquake during the 1943 Alahan
Panjang sequence; measuring Ms  7.8.[14]

Earthquake

USGS Shakemap
According to the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), the
earthquake occurred as a result of right-lateral strike-slip faulting on the Great Sumatran
fault.[15] The Earth Observatory of Singapore said that only a small segment of the
fault ruptured; likely 10 km long and with an average slip of 10 cm.[16] Four minutes prior,
a magnitude 5.2 foreshock occurred.[17] The BMKG stated that the earthquake was felt VI
(Strong) in Pasaman Barat, West Pasaman Regency. Its epicenter was located on the
slopes of Mount Talakmau.[3] As of March 3, 201 aftershocks have been recorded by the
BMKG,[5] with the largest measuring 5.1.[18]
Early reports by the BMKG stated that the earthquake occurred on the Angkola
segment, but further research into the aftershock distribution suggest otherwise.
Officials from the BMKG suggest the quake ruptured a newly-discovered segment which
has been named Talamau. The Talamau segment is also a right-lateral strike-slip fault.
[19]
 The Angkola segment, according to the BMKG, is capable of generating an
earthquake of magnitude 7.6, and the earthquake on 25 February did not release all the
seismic strain on the segment.[20] It was responsible for an earthquake in 1892.[21] Another
segment of the Grest Sumatran Fault, the Sianok segment, is located nearby.

Impact

House damaged by the earthquake in Pasaman Regency

The West Pasaman Regional Disaster Management reported that a total of 1,307
homes and ten government offices were damaged. [22][23] Earlier that day, the agency
expected the number of damaged structures to rise into the hundreds, when at the time,
only a few dozen structures were reported damaged. [24] At the West Pasaman Regency
regent's office, severe damage occurred on the third floor, and on the roof and ceiling as
well. Bridges, roads and water pipes were compromised. [23] Six schools were damaged;
two in Ampeknagari and four in Palupuh.[25] An elementary school had also suffered
serious damage. In the regency's office, a room partially collapsed.
[26]
 Telecommunication services were disrupted and a mosque collapsed. [27] Cracks
formed in the walls of the Talu Pasaman Prison. [28]
Rapid groundmass movement was reported in Malampah following the quake. Video
footage showed a fast-moving mass of brown soil descending into a village. An official
from the Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management (BNPB) said that such
phenomena were observed during the 2009 Padang earthquake as well.[29] In Labuah
Kaciak, small hot springs appeared from the ground, erupting brown water. [30] A landslide
was triggered in Jorong Sungai Siriah, measuring 6 meters in height and 30 meters
wide.[2] The BNPB said that the rapid soil movement was a type of flash flood caused by
a breached landslide dam. The earthquake triggered a landslide on a river upstream,
creating a natural dam and blocking the flow of water. The dam was later breached and
a flash flood occurred.[31] An additional 17 landslides were also reported on the slopes of
Mount Talakmau. Residents also reported smoke emitting from the volcanic cone. [32]
The quake was felt as far away as the Klang Valley of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Some
residents and workers rushed to exit their homes and offices. [33] Workers were evacuated
from the Bernama headquarters in the city as well.[34] In Port Dickson, a private hospital
and government building suffered light damage. [35] Shaking was also felt in Singapore.
[15]
 At approximately 9:40 am Singapore time, residents reported tremors
in Punggol, Simei, Redhill, Queenstown, Ang Mo Kio and Kallang. There were reports of
shaking in the Marina Bay Financial Centre.[36]
Casualties
Later in the afternoon, the BNPB stated that two people were killed and 20 were injured.
[37]
 The number of casualties was further updated to seven dead and 60 injured. [38][39]
[40]
 According to the Ladang Panjang Health Center, three bodies have been removed
from the rubble of collapsed buildings. Of the seven people killed, two were elders, and
three were minors.[41] Four of the dead were from Pasaman, while the three were from
West Pasaman Regency. A total of 85 were injured; 10 seriously, and 50 of them from
West Pasaman.[42] Many of the injured were treated at Yarsi Hospital. [43] A further 13,000
people were displaced.[44]
On 26 February, the BNPB updated the number of fatalities to ten, while the total
number of injured became 86. At least 76 people had minor injuries while 10 others
were treated for serious wounds.[45][46][47] While most of the victims died from collapsing
buildings, some were killed by landslides on Mount Talakmau. [48] Six fatalities were from
Pasaman Regency while another four were from West Pasaman Regency and four
people are reported missing due to landslides. [48][49][50]
The number of deaths was updated to 11 on February 27. According to officials, at least
388 people were injured, with 42 suffering serious injuries. The BNPB said search and
rescue efforts are still ongoing to locate four people missing due to a landslide. [51] By
February 28, at least 12 people have been confirmed dead. [8] During the night of
February 28, a disaster relief volunteer suffered a seizure and died. [52] Rescuers
managed to safely evacuate five individuals trapped under a landslide which occurred
on March 1. At least four cars were buried by the landslide. On March 2 a landslide
victim was found, bringing the total death toll to 14. [53][54]

Response
The BNPB stated that residents should stay alert for the potential of flash floods. The
head of the BNPB said that rivers in the area have dried up due to blockage upstream
caused by ground movement.[55] Residents have been urged to stay away from hilly
areas due to the threat of landslides and rockslides from rain.[56] At least 5,000 displaced
residents sought refuge across 35 evacuation centers. [57] The BNPB confirmed volcanic
activity was present on nearby Mount Talakmau. As a precautionary measure, some
residents near the volcano had to be evacuated. [32]
Minister of Social Affairs Tri Rismaharini visited several evacuation centers the following
day. According to her, logistics have distributed 2,000 packs of ready-to-eat food.
Additional aid including tents and sanitary kits was also transported. The families of
victims killed were compensated Rp 15 million as a form of assistance. [58] Homes that
were slightly damaged would be repaired by the local government body. Moderate to
heavily damaged homes would be rebuilt by the central government. [59] Rescue and
recovery efforts on February 27 went on to search for four missing individuals. The
BNPB also deployed people to survey the damage. [60]

See also
 List of earthquakes in 2022
 List of earthquakes in Indonesia
 List of earthquakes in Malaysia
 March 2007 Sumatra earthquakes

References
1. ^ Jump up to:a b