Chapter - 1: Cycle Operated Centrifugal Water Pump

Cycle Operated Centrifugal Water Pump
CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION
Govt. Polytechnic, Karad.Page 1

Water pumping through centrifugal pump is a common practice

and generally it is powered by electric motor or any I.C. engine. In both the
cases for pumping operation electric energy and chemical fuel is required.
For electrical energy it is common saying that "energy saving is

energy generation" and the diesel/petrol fuels should be saved, hence it is needs
to save the energy. On the other hand it is the need of the day to have physical
exercise in the form of pedaling of cycle.
The pedal operated centrifugal pump is tried to design a water pump

which caters the need of a single family in 20 min. operation of this pump.
POCP can also be used for watering small field irrigation or home
garden or home vegetable garden. This pump uses the muscle power of human
being and pumps the water to head of 10-15 m by the delivery 2.16 ×10-4 m3/sec.

AIM
Pump is the general requirement in hydraulic system and thus to lift

the liquid to required height. By fabricating this project, we will be ample to
pump the liquid to required height without using electric power. In this project
we are going to use the manually operated centrifugal pump and thus
eliminating the weight of pump and making the pump compact. The pump with
its frame is portable and can be attached to any cycle.
The frictional rotor connected to impeller of pump can be rotated by

the rear wheel of bicycle. Running the pump by cycling we can do ample
amount of exercise. By taking test, we can have just idea about how much
human power will be required.

CHAPTER - 2
IMPORTANCE OF PUMPING DEVICES

A pump is a device which converts mechanical energy into

proportional hydraulic energy. It is power consuming device and consumes
power for the conversion of mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. The
energy changes occur by virtue of two main parts of the pump, the impeller and
the volute or diffuser. The impeller is the rotating part that converts driver
energy into the kinetic energy. The volute or diffuser is the stationary part that
converts the kinetic energy into pressure energy.
Pump enables a liquid to:
1. Flow from a region or low pressure to one of high pressure.

2. Flow from low level to a higher level.
3. Flow at faster rat

CHAPTER - 3
TYPES OF PUMPING DEVICES
1. Positive Displacement Pump:
It is a pump whose displacement (discharge) is positive. Here, the

word "positive" implies that, definitely there will be definite amount of
discharge of increase in pressure. Whatever may be the pressure, the pump
discharge remains the same. Only such pumps can be used for hydraulic system,
because, hydraulic system have to develop large amount of force, for which

large amount of pressure is required, and only PDP can deliver discharge under
high pressure.
Types:-
I. Reciprocating Pump
II. Rotary Pump
2. Non-positive Displacement Pump:
In case of NPDP, the discharge doesn't remain constant. Discharge reduces with
increase in pressure and discharge becomes zero at maximum pressure. At high
pressure, the pump cannot deliver oil. Hence NPDP is sometimes used.
Types:-
I. Centrifugal Pump
II. Axial Pump

CHAPTER -4
NEED OF THIS TYPE OF PUMPING DEVICE

In daily life, we use water from various sources and we have to

need of the pumping device. So, centrifugal pump is very friendly to hydraulic
branch. Various purposes of use of centrifugal pump like large capacity in
industry and water supply in cities and also agricultural field.
Centrifugal pump has large capacity to supply the water in

minimum power. Its working is easy as compared to other pumps and also
required less maintenance. It has less component of assembly and these pumps
are available in small size to large size according to requirement.

CHAPTER -5
PUMP DISCRIPTION

Fig. Main parts of Centrifugal Pump
4.1 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS

Centrifugal pump:
The following are the main parts of a centrifugal pump
1. Impeller:-
The rotating part of a centrifugal pump is called 'impeller'. It consist of a series

of backward curved vanes. The impeller is mounted on a shaft which is
connected to the shaft of an electric motor.
2. Casing:-
The casing of a centrifugal pump is similar to the casing of a reaction turbine. It

is an airtight passage surrounding the impeller and is designed in such a way that
the kinetic energy of the water discharged at the outlet of the impeller is
converted into pressure energy before the water leaves the casing and enters the
delivery pipe. The following three types of the casing are commonly adopted:
a) Volute casing
b) Vortex casing
c) Casing with guide blades
3. Suction pipe with a foot valve and strainer:-
A pipe whose one end is connected to the inlet of the pump and other end dips
into water in a sump is known as suction pipe. A foot valve which is a non-
return valve or one-way type of valve is fitted at the lower end of suction pipe.
The foot valve opens only in the upward direction. A strainer is also fitted at the
lower end of the suction pipe.
4. Delivery pipe:-
A pipe whose one end is connected to the outlet of the pump and other end
delivers the water at required height is known as delivery pipe.

4.2WORKING PRINCIPLE OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

A centrifugal pump works on the principle that when certain mass of fluid is
rotated by an external source, it is thrown away from the central axis of rotation
and centrifugal head is impressed which enables it to a higher level.
4.2.1 WORKING OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP:-

To start the centrifugal pump, first priming is necessary. In priming water is
filled in the suction pipe, casing and into a portion of delivery pipe up to valve.
This is done for removal of air so that to develop centrifugal head, sufficient to
lift the water from the sump.
The delivery valve is kept closed during priming so that when pedal is operated
will reduce the starting torque.
The pump is started after priming. After pump attains a constant speed, delivery
valve is gradually opened and as thus water is allowed to flow in a radial
outward direction through the impeller vanes towards outlet of pump.
As the water flows towards outlet of pump a radial vacuum is created at the eye
of impeller.
Due to this suction water from the sump which is at atmospheric pressure, is
raised in the suction pipe. The water leaves the impeller with high pressure and
high velocity through a delivery pipe into a desired height.
Thus in the way water reaches and leaves the impeller continuous and water is
raised to certain height at constant rate.
When pump is to be stopped the delivery valve should be first closed, otherwise
there may be some back flow from the reservoir.
4.2.2Priming of centrifugal pump

Priming is the operation of filling the suction pipe, casing of the pump and
portion of the delivery pipe completely with water, before starting the pump, to
remove any air, gas or vapor from these parts of the pump.
If any air remains inside the casing discontinuity of flow may be caused.
Priming can take place in following ways:
1. Manual priming: Water is admitted to replace the air from suction pipe and
the pump casing, manually therefore it is called manual priming.
Some of the most common methods of manual priming are:
i. Pouring water with funnel.
ii. An overhead tank may be provided on delivery side to store the water which
may be used later on to fill the pump and suction pipe.
iii. Some vacuum creating device can be used to generate enough vacuum in
pump to lift the water in the suction pipe. The vacuum creating devices are
domestic water pump connected with discharge line., diaphragm air pump
connected with top of centrifugal pump, an ejector using compressed air to
create vacuum at top of casing.
2. Self priming:
In self priming, the priming is done automatically.
Therefore this priming process is very useful. Self priming methods are :

i. Providing an air separator chamber at delivery side. This is made by

enlarging the cross section area of the pipe. Thus when the pump is started
the impeller rotates in a mixture of water and air being sucked from the
suction pipe.
ii. A vacuum pump can be fitted on the suction side of pump which can run by
the pump shaft. When started vacuum pump takes out air from the suction
pipe discharging it to the atmosphere.

CHAPTER -6
ATTACHMENT FABRICATION

Frame
Dimensions:
Length : - 450mm
Breadth :-240mm
Inclination:-210mm
Material used:
Mild Steel (M.S.)
Welding:
Arc Welding
Coloring:
Green

CHAPTER –7
ASSEMBLY & COMPONENTS

SPECIFICATIONS & USE OF COMPONENTS:
Centrifugal pump:-
1/3”inlet port
1/2” outlet port
Use: - In our project, the centrifugal pump is main component. It is used for
water supply.
Circular Plate:-
Fig. Circular Plate
Diameter: - 110mm
Material- Aluminum Alloy
Use:- Hold the one side of shaft.

Bearing:-
Fig. Sliding Contact Type Bearing
Type: - Sliding Contact Type Bearing
Outer Diameter- 34mm
Use: - To reduce friction.

Spring:-
Fig. Helical Tension Spring
Type – Helical Tension Spring
Outer Diameter- 15mm
Solid Length-185mm
Thickness of wire- 1.5mm
Material- Carbon Steel (C.S.)
Use: - It is used for attaching the rear wheel and balancing of pump when pump
is running.

Pressure gauge:-
Fig. Pressure Gauge
Range: 0-28 kg/cm2
Use: - It is used for delivery side pressure measuring device.

Suction Gauge:-
Fig. Suction Gauge
Range: 0-760 mm of Hg
Use: - It is used for suction side pressure measuring device.
Strainer:-

Fig. Strainer
Diameter: - 25mm
Use: - It is used as strainer and non-return valve.

Ball valve:-
Fig. Ball Valve
Diameter- ½”
Use: - To control the flow rate.
Nipple:-

Fig. Nipple
Diameter- ½”
Material: - Galvanized Iron(G.I.)
Use: - To join the ball valve and pipe.
Hex Nipple:-

Fig. Hex Nipple
Diameter- ½”
Material: - Galvanized Iron(G.I.)
Use: - To join the ball valve and other accessories.
Tee section:-

Fig. Tee section
Diameter- ½”
Material: - Galvanized Iron (G.I.)
Use: - To insert the pressure and suction gauges.

Nut & Bolt:-
Fig. Nut and Bolt
Diameter of bolt - 4mm
Diameter of nut – 8mm
Use: - To make assembly.
Screw rod:-
Fig. Screw Rod
Diameter – 3mm
Length – 130mm
Use: - To make assembly.

ASSEMBLY PROCEDURE:-
i. A pump inserted in frame, which is connected by but & bolts in one side
and in other side, the aluminum plate is mounted on the frame for
balancing of pump.
ii. Then at inlet and outlet of the pump hex nipple is fitted with the help of
spanner and Teflon for no leakage.
iii. After that tee section is fitted and in this pressure gauges are inserted.
iv. Then ball valves are connected for the pressure readings which are fitted
after the hex nipple.
v. Again the nipple is fitted after valves.
vi. Then at delivery side the elbow and nipple is fitted and delivery pipe is
inserted in the nipple.
vii. And at suction side also suction pipe is inserted with strainer.

CHAPTER-8
PERFORMANCE TEST

i. After assembly of project, we take first performance test

ii. The shaft of pump is attached to the rear wheel of cycle with the help
helical tension spring.
iii. Then at suction side is dipped in water at 0.5m.
iv. After that at delivery side the water is filled the delivery pipe and air is
removed from pump.
v. After priming process, start the cycle drive, gradually speed increases by
operating pedal and then shaft of pump is also rotated and pump start.
vi. Then water is coming out from delivery pipe and project successfully run.
vii. After this process, we can take time constant and three pressure reading
according to rpm and measure the liters of water collected at constant
time.
viii. Then we calculate the water power and human power.
Observation:-
Maximum capacity of delivery head = 10m
Maximum capacity of suction head = 7m
Calculation:-
Reading,
Delivery pressure: - 1 kg/cm2
Suction pressure: - 50mm of Hg
Revolution per minute (rpm):- 1700
Ltr. of water collected at 30 sec: - 6.5Ltr

Discharge, Q = liter × 1000÷Time
= 6.5 × 1000 ÷ 30
= 216.66 cm3/ sec
= 2.16 ×10-4 m3/sec
Water power = W × Q × H÷ 1000
Where, W= Specific weight of water
Q= Discharge,
H= Head
= (9810× 2.16 ×10-4× 10.675) ÷1000
= 0.0226 kW
Human Power= Water Power÷ Overall Efficiency
Consumed = 0.0226 ÷ 0.8
= 0.02825 kW
= 28.25 Watt

OBSERVATION TABLE:
Time R.P.M. Delivery Suction Water Human

Sec Pressure Pressure Power Power
(Kg/cm2) (mm of Hg) (kW) (Watt)
30 1700 1 50 0.0226 28.25
30 1830 1.1 54 0.0244 30.5
30 1960 1.2 57 0.0261 32.72
Advantages of pedal operated pump:-
i. Easy to operate as bicycle is there.
ii. No need of electricity.
iii. It is economical.
iv. Where electricity is not available there it is useful.
v. It is good for health exercise is done.

vi. It is easy to remove from bicycle.
vii. Maintenance is easy.
viii. Light in weight.
Disadvantages:-
i. It is operate up to capacity of the human.
ii. Less pressure is developed as compared to other motor pump.
iii. Wear of rear wheel is more due to friction is created.
Application:-
i. It is used for agricultural purpose.
ii. It is used for gardening the water.
iii. It is used for lift the water from ground to a certain height of building, etc.

CHAPTER-9
FUTURE SCOPE

I. If nozzle is placed at outlet we can spraying water to agricultural land.

II. In future, if we use geared cycle with less effort we get high flow rate.
III. In future, by using bike we can operate it and increase flow rate of
water with high pressure.
IV. In future, in Jim we can operate this for gardening and also for
exercise.

CHAPTER-10
CONCLUSION

This project provides an easy way to convert the muscle power in the pressure of
liquid which lifts the liquid to corresponding head.
This project can be used in every home which will serve the purpose of
exercise cycle as well as will cater the need of water pumping requirement of
whole day.
Yes, this mechanism is replacement of electric motor from the pump

hence power (electrical) is saved which the great energy is saving.

CHAPTER –11
COST ESTIMATION

Sr. Product name Quantity Price

No. In Rs
1 Centrifugal Pump 1 2400
2 Pressure Gauge : 1 400
(Range:0-28 kg/cm2)
3 Suction Gauge 1 500
(Range:0-760 mm of Hg)
4 Connection accessories :
1. 15 mm brass ball valves 2 200
2. 15 mm G.I. hex nipple 4 48
3. 15 mm * 2" G.I. pipe nipple 3 25
4. 1' * ½” G.I. Red bush 2 40
5. ½” G.I. Elbow 1 8
5 Teflon Tape 2 20
6 Frame 1 1000
7 Screw rod 1 10
8 Nut &Bolts 4 20
9 Coil Springs 2 300
(Helical Tension Spring)
10 Total 25 4980/-

CHAPTER-12
BIBLIOGRAPHY

WEBSITES:
www.wikipedia.com
www.engineering.com
www.YouTube.com
www.Crompton.co.in
BOOKS:
Fluid mechanics and hydraulic machine
- (Dr. R.K.Bansal)
Design of machine element
- (V.B. Bhandari)


Chapter - 1: Cycle Operated Centrifugal Water Pump

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter - 1: Cycle Operated Centrifugal Water Pump

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cycle Operated Centrifugal Water Pump

Govt. Polytechnic, Karad.Page 1

Water pumping through centrifugal pump is a common practice

For electrical energy it is common saying that "energy saving is

The pedal operated centrifugal pump is tried to design a water pump

Govt. Polytechnic, Karad.Page 2

Pump is the general requirement in hydraulic system and thus to lift

The frictional rotor connected to impeller of pump can be rotated by

Govt. Polytechnic, Karad.Page 3

Govt. Polytechnic, Karad.Page 4

A pump is a device which converts mechanical energy into

Pump enables a liquid to:

1. Flow from a region or low pressure to one of high pressure.

Govt. Polytechnic, Karad.Page 5

1. Positive Displacement Pump:

It is a pump whose displacement (discharge) is positive. Here, the

Govt. Polytechnic, Karad.Page 6

II. Rotary Pump

2. Non-positive Displacement Pump:

II. Axial Pump

Govt. Polytechnic, Karad.Page 7

Govt. Polytechnic, Karad.Page 8

In daily life, we use water from various sources and we have to

Centrifugal pump has large capacity to supply the water in

Govt. Polytechnic, Karad.Page 9

Govt. Polytechnic, Karad.Page 10

Fig. Main parts of Centrifugal Pump

4.1 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS

The following are the main parts of a centrifugal pump

The rotating part of a centrifugal pump is called 'impeller'. It consist of a series

The casing of a centrifugal pump is similar to the casing of a reaction turbine. It

c) Casing with guide blades

3. Suction pipe with a foot valve and strainer:-

Govt. Polytechnic, Karad.Page 12

4.2WORKING PRINCIPLE OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

4.2.1 WORKING OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP:-

4.2.2Priming of centrifugal pump

Govt. Polytechnic, Karad.Page 13

Some of the most common methods of manual priming are:

i. Pouring water with funnel.

In self priming, the priming is done automatically.

Govt. Polytechnic, Karad.Page 14

i. Providing an air separator chamber at delivery side. This is made by

Govt. Polytechnic, Karad.Page 15

Govt. Polytechnic, Karad.Page 16

Mild Steel (M.S.)

Govt. Polytechnic, Karad.Page 17

Govt. Polytechnic, Karad.Page 18

SPECIFICATIONS & USE OF COMPONENTS:

1/2” outlet port

Fig. Circular Plate

Material- Aluminum Alloy

Use:- Hold the one side of shaft.

Govt. Polytechnic, Karad.Page 19

Fig. Sliding Contact Type Bearing

Type: - Sliding Contact Type Bearing

Outer Diameter- 34mm

Use: - To reduce friction.

Govt. Polytechnic, Karad.Page 20

Fig. Helical Tension Spring

Type – Helical Tension Spring

Outer Diameter- 15mm

Thickness of wire- 1.5mm