MODAL VERBS

I. DEDUCTION
(+) Điều xảy ra – Khẳng định (-) Điều không xảy ra – Phủ định
Must Vo Can’t Vo
Must have V3 Can’t/Couldn’t have V3
 Không có couldn’t V0 vì lúc đó sẽ mang nghĩa
không có khả năng làm việc đó trong quá khứ
(không mang nghĩa suy đoán)

I’m sure/certain SV (+) I’m sure/certain SV (-)

 Chắc chắn có It’s impossible that S V O
 Chắc chắn không
May/Might(90%)/Can/Could Vo May/Might not Vo
May/Might/Could have V3 May/Might not have V3
 In đậm là được sử dụng nhiều
Các từ gợi ý: Các từ gợi ý:
perhaps, maybe, possibly, it’s possible, i’m not perhaps, maybe, possibly, it’s possible, i’m not
sure sure
 Chắc có  Chắc không
 Có khả năng ở hiện tại  Dùng may,
might
 Cấu trúc khác thì can’t có thể viết được như cannot
Can’t/cannot help ving
Cannot help but vo
II. BA NHÓM MODAL VERBS KHÔNG CÓ NGHĨA NGƯỢC VỚI THỂ
(Ở KHẲNG ĐỊNH NHƯNG VẪN MANG HÀM Ý LÀ KHÔNG)
1. Could/Might have V3
Ex: He ...... us but he was short of money at the time.
A. Could have helped B. Can help C.Might help D.Would help
 Nếu B,C, D sử dụng thì đã giúp được nhưng mà trên thực tế vẫn chưa giúp được.
Ex: We could have caught the last train, but we ....... five minutes late.
A. Were B. Would be C. Have been D. Could have lost
2. Needn’t have V3
Didn’t need to Vo
3. Should/ought to have V3
Shouldn’t/Ought not to have V3
a. It was wrong of you  .....
b. Reported: reproach/criticize
How very lucky you were! You .......in the crowd.
A. Could get lost B. Could have got lost C. Didn’t lose D. Could have lost
Tom had a very lucky escape. He ...... killed.
A. Could have been B.Must have been D.Should have been D. Had been
“Why didnt’t you tell me you were having so many problems?” “I ........you, but I firgured you had
enough to worry about without my problems, so I said nothing”
A. Could have told B. Had told C. Would tell D. Would be telling