ENGLISH

ENGLISH IIIIII
22nd partial
nd
partial
“What
“What abilities do
abilities do you
you have?”.
have?”.

Teacher: Josué Fuentes Blanco

Go to www.menti.com and use the code 1439 9983
 will
would
Can is part of a can
could
family called may
might
must
MODAL VERBS shall
should
(ought to)
have to
need to
 Modal verbs
will
* Don’t have a complete meaning would
by themselves can
* Always followed by a V.B.F. could
may
* For specific tenses might
must
shall
should
(ought to)
S + MODAL + VBF + C. have to
He can mix music in a party. need to
Talking about abilities
1. S + can + VBF + C.
He can mix music in a party.
The teacher can speak three
languages.
Manuel can write with his left hand.
2. S + cannot (can’t) + VBF + C.
They can´t jump the wall.
My brother can’t eat seafood.
Rodrigo can’t ride bicycle.
3. Can + S + VBF + C + ?
Can Sarah take pictures?
Yes, she can / No, she can’t
Can your sister work at night?
Can Francisco help us with our homework?
4. Wh + can + S + VBF + C + ?
What can you do?
When can the technician come?
Where can Sonia and Maria practice?
 Structure of the verb could (*past ability **possibility at the future)

1. S + could + VBF + C. 3. Could + S + VBF + C + ?

Extreme rain could cause the river to flood the city. possibility Could you open the window?
Nancy could ski like a pro by the age of 11. past ability Could she come later? Yes, she could. / No, she couldn’t.
You could see a movie or go out to dinner. suggestion Could I have something to drink?
We could go on the trip if I didn't have to work this Could I borrow your stapler?
weekend. conditional Couldn't he come with us?
Couldn't you help me with this for just a second?
2. S + could not (couldn’t) + VBF + C.
He could not finish his project last night. (just for past tense) 4. Wh + could + S + VBF + C + ?
Rodrigo couldn’t win the race.
What could have happened?
Mary couldn't be the one who stole the money.
How could I help you?
 Structure of the verb may
1. S + may + VBF + C. 3. May + S + VBF + C + ?
Cheryl may be at home, or perhaps at work. (possibility) May I use your bathroom? (request permission)
Johnny, you may leave the table when you have finished your
May I leave the room?
dinner. (give permission)
Yes, you may. / No, you may not.
2. S + may not + VBF + C.
We may not have information at the moment.
4. Wh + may + S + VBF + C + ?
Where may he have gone?
Structure of the verb might (less probable than may)
1. S + might + VBF + C. 3. Might + S + VBF + C + ?
Your purse might be in the living room. (possibility) Might I have something to drink?
You might visit the botanical gardens during your
visit. (suggestion)
Might I borrow the stapler?
If I didn't have to work, I might go with you. (conditional)
4. Wh + might + S + VBF + C + ?
2. S + might not + VBF + C. Where might he have happen?
She might not be on the bus. She might be walking home.
She might not have taken the bus. She might have walked home.

“Might not" suggests you do not know if something happens. "Could not"
suggests that it is impossible for something to happen.
Jack might not have the key. Maybe he does not have the key.
Jack could not have the key. It is impossible that he has the key.
 Structure of the verb must (personal obligation)
1. S + must + VBF + C. 3. Must + S + VBF + C + ?
This must be the right address! (certainty) Must we do our homework? Yes, we must,
Students must pass an entrance examination to study at this
school. (necessity)
Must they come for dinner? No, we mustn’t
You must take some medicine for that cough. (strong Must I chair the meeting?
recommendation)
4. Wh + must + S + VBF + C + ?
2. S + must not (mustn’t) + VBF + C. When must they arrive?
Jenny, you must not play in the street! (prohibition)
That must not be Jerry. He is supposed to have red hair.
You must not swim in that river. It's full of crocodiles.
 You mustn't drink so much. It's not good for your health.
Structure of the verb should (ought to more formal)
1. S + should + VBF + C.
When you go to Berlin, you should visit the palaces in
Potsdam. (recommendation)
You should focus more on your family and less on work. (advice)
I really should be in the office by 7:00 AM. (obligation)
By now, they should already be in Dubai. (expectation)
You ought to stop smoking. (recommendation)
2. S + should not (shouldn’t) + VBF + C.
 Sarah shouldn't smoke so much. It's not good for her health.
 Susan shouldn't be in New York
 Margaret ought not exercise too much. It might cause injury.
Mark ought not drink so much. advice against something.
3. Should + S + VBF + C + ?
Should we buy more food?
Should I study more for the exam?
Yes, I should. / No, I shouldn’t.
Ought she to call the police? (not evry common)
Ought we to more worry about the environment?
4. Wh + should + S + VBF + C + ?
What should I do to learn more English?
Structure of the verb have to
1. S + have/has to + VBF + C. 3. Do/Does + S + have to + VBF + C + ?
We have to wake up early tomorrow. Do they have to come early?
My cousin has to drink a lot of medicine. Yes, they do. No, they don’t.
Students have to wear uniform at the
school. Does Alicia have to do military service?
Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t

2. S + don’t have/doesn’t have to + VBF + C. 4. Wh + do/does + S + have to + VBF + C + ?

You don’t have to pay for that. What do you have to do tomorrow?
Fernando doesn’t have to wait for so long. Where does Martha have to go ?
 Modal Function Example Possible conjugation
Can Ability I can run 10 km. Yo puedo, Tú puedes,
(cannot /can’t) Informal request They can’t smoke in here. él/ella puede, nosotros podemos,
Informal permission Can Daniel pay for that? ustedes/ellos pueden
Offer Yes, he can. / No, he can’t
Possibility
Where can I park?
Could Request (formal) Could you open the door? Yo podría, Tú podrías, él/ella podría,
(could not/ couldn’t) Permission (more formal) Yes, I could. No, I couldn’t nosotros podríamos, ustedes/ellos podrían
Possibility (past)
Ability (past negative) Martha could be at home. Yo pude/no pude, tu pudiste/no pudiste,
Suggestion el/ella no pudo, nosotros no pudimos,
ustedes/ellos no pudieron
May Request permission May I go to th rest room? Yo puedo, Tú puedes, él/ella puede,
(may not) Posibility You may use my cellphone. nosotros podemos, ustedes/ellos pueden
They may win the contest.

Might Possibility It might rain today. Yo podría, Tú podrías, él/ella podría,

(might not) You might fall in the swimming pool. nosotros podríamos, ustedes/ellos podrían

Must Probability You must respect your parents. Yo debo, Tú debes, él/ella debe,
(must not / musn’t) Need People must not wear sun glasses inside nosotros debemos, ustedes/ellos deben
the bank.

Should (ought to) Advice We should have a picnic. Yo debería, Tú deberías, él/ella debería,
(should not / shouldn’t) Possibility They shouldn’t follow that path. nosotros deberíamos, ustedes/ellos deberían
Expectation
Modal Function Example Possible conjugation

Would Request Would you mind open the Yo …ría, Tú …rías,

(would not / wouldn’t) preference window? él/ella …ría,
(potencial) I would like to see a walle. nosotros …ríamos,
We would go if we had money ustedes/ellos …rían

Have to (don’t have to)
Has to (doesn’t have to)
Need In Mexico you have to do your
militar service.
My sister has to do her laundry.
(Yo) tengo que ,
(Tú) tienes que,
(él/ella) tiene que,
(nosotros) tenemos que,
(ustedes/ellos) tienen que
• If you run around the swimming pool,
you might fall.
Read more at: 
https://blog.abaenglish.com/questions-with-must-and-have-to/
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/hilfsverben.htm
https://www.woodwardenglish.com/?s=modal+verbs
https://
dictionary.cambridge.org/es/gramatica/gramatica-britanica/ough
t-to

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/hilfsverben2.htm
https://www.englishpage.com/modals/should.html