PS 2 INTRODUCTION TO SURVEYING

NUMBER OF PROBLEMS : 25

NUMBER OF PROBLEMS SOLVED : 25

PREPARED BY : AILA G. BALINTONG

YEAR COURSE AND SECTION : I - ABE 2

BALINTONG, AILA G. MPVx = Σ X/N =
(105.50 + 106.00 + 105.75 + 106.25 )
4
PROBLEM
MPVx = 423.5 / 4 = 105.875 STRIDES
1. PACING. IN WALKING ALONG A 75 - M
L = PF (MPVx 2 PACES PER STRIDE)
COURSE , THE PACER OF A FIELD PARTY
COUNTED 43.50, 44.00, 43.50, 43.75, 44.50, L = 0.86 M / PACE (105.875)(2)
AND 43.25 STRIDES. THEN 105.50, 106.00,
L = 0.86 M / PACE (211.75 PACES)
105.75, AND 106.25 STRIDES WERE
COUNTED IN WALKING FROM ONE MARKER L = 181.4697 M = 181.47 M
TO ANOTHER ESTABLISHED ALONG A
STRAIGHT AND LEVEL COURSE. DETERMINE
THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE TWO PROBLEM

MARKERS. 2. PACING. A STUDENT PACES A 50 - M

ILLUSTRATION LENGTH FIVE TIMES WITH THE

FOLLOWING RESULTS: 57.00, 56.75,
L
56.50, 58.00, AND 56.25 PACES. DETER-
75 M X MINE HOW MANY PACES HE MUST
STEP OFF IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH A
SOLUTION
DISTANCE OF 450 METERS ON LEVEL
GIVEN: S = 43.50, S = 44.00, S = 43.50, GROUND.

S = 43.75, S = 44.50, S = 43.25 ILLUSTRATION

X = 105.50, X = 106.00, X = 105.75, L = 450 M

X = 106.25 K = 50 M X

KNOWN DISTANCE (K) = 75 M SOLUTION

SOLVING FOR LENGTH (L). GIVEN: P = 57.00, P = 56.75, P = 56.50,

MPVs = Σ S/N = P = 58.00, P = 56.25

( 43.5 + 44 + 43.5 + 43.75 + 44.5 + 43.25) L = 450 M, K = 50 M

6
SOLVING FOR NUMBER OF PACES (Np)
MPVs = 262.5 / 6 = 43.75 STRIDES
MPVp = ∑ P / N
PF = K / MPVs (2 PACES PER STRIDE)
57 + 56.75 + 56.5 + 58 + 56.25
PF = 75 M/ (43.75)(2) = 75 M/ 87.5 PACES 5
PF = 0.85714.. M / PACE MPVp = 284.50 / 5 = 56.90 PACES
PF = 0.86 M / PACE
BALINTONG, AILA G.

DISTANCE OF EACH CORNER FROM THE

INSTRUMENT POSITION.
PF = K / (MPVp) = 50 M / 56.90 PACES
ILLUSTRATION
PF = 0.8787 M / PACES

L = PF (Np)

450 M = 0.8787 M / PACE / N

SOLUTION
Np = 450 M / 0.8787 M / PACE = 512.10 PACES
GIVEN: c = 0° 26 ’16 ”, c = 0° 12’ 35 ”,

c = 0° 15’ 05 ”, c = 0° 22 ’29 ”,
PROBLEM
c = 0° 30’ 45 ”, c = 0° 09 ’ 50 ”
3. PACING. DETERMINE THE LENGTH OF A
LINE NEGOTIATED IN 208 PACES BY A SUBSTENSE BAR = 2 M
PERSON WHOSE PACE IS 0.76 METER
SOLVING FOR D , D , D , D , D , D
LONG.
D = col (c / 2)
ILLUSTRATION
D = col (0° 26 ’16 ” / 2) = 261.75609 = 261.76 M

D = col (0° 12’ 35 ” / 2) = 546.39622 = 546.40 M

0.76 M
D = col (0° 15’ 05 ” / 2) = 455.83309 = 455.83 M
SOLUTION
D = col (0° 22 ’29 ” / 2) = 305.80292 = 305.80 M
GIVEN: Np = 208 PACES, PF = 0.76 M / PACE
D = col (0° 30’ 45 ” / 2) = 223.59179 = 223.59 M
SOLVING FOR LENGTH (L).
D = col (0° 09’ 50 ” / 2) = 699.20225 = 699.20 M
L = PF (Np) = (0.76 M / PACE) (208 PACES)

L = 158.08 M
PROBLEM

5. DISTANCE BY SUBTENSE BAR. A 2 - M

PROBLEM
4. DISTANCE BY SUBTENSE BAR . WITH
THE USE OF A1 – SEC THEODOLITE
POSITIONED AT THE CENTER OF A SIX -
SIDED LOT, THE FOLLOWING READINGS
WERE TAKEN ON A 2 - M SUBTENSE BAR
SETUP AT EACH CORNER : 0° 26 ’16 ”, 0°
12’ 35 ”, 0° 15 ’ 05 ”, 0° 22 ’29 ”, 0° 30 ’ 45 ”,
AND 0° 09 ’ 50 ”. DETERMINE THE
LONG SUBTENDED BAR WAS FIRST SET
UP AT A AND SUBSEQUENTLY AT B,
AND THE SUBTENDED ANGLES TO THE
BAR, AS READ FROM A THEODOLITE
POSITIONED SOMEWHERE ALONG THE
MIDDLE OF LINE AB, WERE RECORDED
AS 0° 24’ 15”, AND 0° 20’ 30”, RESPECTIVE-
LY. DETERMINE THE LENGTH OF AB.
BALINTONG, AILA G. SOLVING FOR HORIZONTAL LENGTH ( L)
cos 0 = L / X L = X cos 0

L = (295.85 M) cos (8° 45’) = 292.4067 M

ILLUSTRATION
L = (149.58 M) cos (4° 29’) = 149.1223 M

L = (373.48 M) cos (4° 25’) = 372.3709 M

L=L +L +L
A B
L = 292.4067 M + 149.1223 M + 372.3709 M
SOLUTION
L = 813.90 M
GIVEN: Ac = 0° 24’ 15”, Bc = 0° 20’ 30”

SUBTENSE BAR = 2 M
PROBLEM
SOLVING FOR AB
7. SLOPE MEASUREMENT. A SLOPE
AB = A + B
MEASUREMENT OF 545.38 M IS MADE
AB = lcn (1 M/ 0° 24’ 15”) + lcn (1 M/ 0° 20’ 30”) BETWEEN POINTS A AND B. THE

AB = 275.9383 M + 375.3889 M = 651.3272 M ELEVATION OF A IS 424.25 M AND THAT

OF B IS 459.06 M. DETERMINE THE
HORIZONTAL DISTANCE BETWEEN THE
PROBLEM TWO POINTS.

6. SLOPE MEASUREMENT. A TRAVERSE ILLUSTRATION

LINE WAS MEASURED IN THREE
Dy
SECTIONS: 295.85 M AT SLOPE 8° 45’,
149.58 M AT SLOPE 4° 29 ’, AND 373.48 M A = 424.25 M B=459.06 M
AT SLOPE 4° 25’. DETERMINE THE Dx
HORIZONTAL LENGTH OF THE LINE.
SOLUTION
ILLUSTRATION
GIVEN: SLOPE (S) = 545.38 M

ELEVATION: E = 424.25 M, E = 459.06 M

SOLVING FOR HORIZONTAL DISTANCE, Dx

Dy = B – A = 459.06 M - 424.25 M = 34.81 M

SOLUTION
S = ඥDx 2 + Dy 2 Dx = ඥS 2 − Dy 2
GIVEN: X = 295.85 M AT SLOPE 8° 45’
Dx = ඥ(545.38)2 − (34.81)2 = ξ296 227.61
X = 149.58 M AT SLOPE 4° 29 ’
Dx = 544.26795 M = 544.27 M
X = 373.48 M AT SLOPE 4° 25’.
BALINTONG, AILA G.
PROBLEM
8. MEASUREMENTS WITH TAPE. THE
SIDES OF A RECTANGULAR PARCEL OF
PROPERTY WERE MEASURED AND
RECORDED AS 249.50 M AND 496.85 M. IT
WAS DETERMINED, HOWEVER, THAT THE
30 – M TAPE USED IN MEASURING WAS
ACTUALLY 30.05 M LONG. DETERMINE
THE CORRECT AREA OF THE RECTANGLE
IN HECTARES.
ILLUSTRATION
L = 496.85 M
W = 249.50 M
SOLUTION
GIVEN: L = 496.85 M, W = 249.50 M
NL = 30 M, Corr = 0.05 M (TOO LONG)
SOLVING FOR CORRECT AREA IN Hc
CORRECTION (C ) = Corr (ML / NL)
C = 0.05 M (496.85 M / 30 M) = 0.8280 M
C = -0.05 M ( 249.50 M / 30 M) = 0.4158 M
L’ = L - C = 496.85 M – (- 0.8280 M)
L’ = 497.6780 M
W’ = W - C = 249.50 M – (- 0.4158 M)
W’ = 249.9158 M
AREA = L’ W’ = (497.6780 M) (249.9158 M)
AREA = 124 377.6329 M 2
AREA = (124 377.6329 M 2 ) (Hc / 10 000 M 2 )
AREA = 12.43776329 Hc = 12.44 Hc
PROBLEM
9. MEASUREMENTS WITH TAPE . A 30 –
M STEEL TAPE WHEN COMPARED WITH
A STANDARD IS ACTUALLY 29.95 M
LONG. DETERMINE THE CORRECT
LENGTH OF A LINE MEASURED WITH
THIS TAPE AND FOUND TO BE 466.55 M.
ILLUSTRATION
30 M 0.05 M
466.55 M
SOLUTION
GIVEN: ML = 466.55 M,
NL = 30 M, Corr = 0.05 M (TOO SHORT)
SOLVING FOR CORRECT LENGTH, CL
CORRECTION (C) = Corr (ML / NL)
C = (0.05 M) (466.55 M/ 30 M) = 0.7775 M
CL = ML - C = 466.55 M - 0.7775 M
CL = 465.77 M
PROBLEM
10. LAYING OUT DISTANCES. A TRACK
AND FIELD COACH WISHES TO LAY
OUT FOR HIS TEAM A 200 - M STRAIGHT
WAY COURSE. IF HE USES A 50 – M
TAPE KNOWN TO BE 50.20 M LONG,
DETERMINE THE MEASUREMENTS TO
BE MADE SO THAT THE COURSE WILL
HAVE THE CORRECT LENGTH.
BALINTONG, AILA G.
ILLUSTRATION
50 M +0.20 M
ML = 200 M
SOLUTION
GIVEN: ML = 200 M, NL = 50 M,
Corr = 0.20 M (TOO LONG)
SOLVING FOR CORRECT LENGTH, CL
CORRECTION (C) = Corr (ML / NL)
C = (0.20 M) (200 M/ 50 M) = +0.80 M
CL = ML - C = 200 M - 0.80 M = 199.20 M
PROBLEM
11. LAYING OUT DISTANCES. IT IS
REQUIRED TO LAYOUT A BUILDING 80 M
BY 100 M WITH 30 - M LONG METALLIC
TAPE WHICH WAS FOUND TO BE 0.15 M
TOO SHORT. DETERMINE THE CORRECT
DIMENSIONS TO BE USED IN ORDER
THAT THE BUILDING SHALL HAVE THE
DESIRED MEASUREMENTS.
ILLUSTRATION
80 M
100 M
SOLUTION
GIVEN: L = 100 M, W = 80 M, NL = 30 M,
Corr = 0.15 M (TOO SHORT)
SOLVING FOR CORRECT DIMENSIONS.
CORRECTION (C) = Corr (ML / NL)
C = 0.15 (100 M / 30 M) = 0.50 M
C = 0.15 (80 M / 30 M) = 0.40 M
L’ = L + C = 100 M + 0.50 M = 100.50 M
W’ = W + C = 80 M + 0.40 M = 80.40 M
PROBLEM
12. LAYING OUT DISTANCES. A STEEL
TAPE WHOSE NOMINAL LENGTH IS
SUPPOSED TO BE 30 - M LONG WAS
FOUND TO BE 30.02 M LONG WHEN
COMPARED WITH AN INVAR TAPE
DURING STANDARDIZATION. IF THE
TAPE IS TO BE USED IN LAYING-OUT A
520 M BY 850 M RECTANGULAR PARKING
LOT, DETERMINE THE ACTUAL
DIMENSIONS TO BE LAID OUT.
ILLUSTRATION
W = 520 M
L = 850 M
SOLUTION
GIVEN: L = 850 M, W = 520 M,
NL = 30 M, Corr = 0.02 M (TOO LONG)
SOLVING FOR CORRECT DIMENSIONS.
CORRECTION (C) = R (L / J)
C = ( 0.02 M) ( 850 M / 30 M) = 0.5667 M
C = ( 0.02 M) ( 520 M / 30 M) = 0.3467 M
BALINTONG, AILA G.
L’ = L – C = 850 M - 0.5667 M = 849.43 M
W’ = W – C = 520 M - 0.3467 M = 519.65 M
PROBLEM
13. CORRECTION DUE TO
TEMPERATURE. A 30 – M STEEL TAPE IS
OF STANDARD LENGTH AT 20° C. IF THE
COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION
OF STEEL IS 0.0000116 / 1° C, DETERMINE
THE DISTANCE TO BE LAID OUT USING
THIS TAPE TO ESTABLISH TWO POINTS
EXACTLY 1 235.65 M APART WHEN THE
TEMPERATURE IS 33° C.
ILLUSTRATION
30 M
1 235.65 M
SOLUTION
GIVEN: NL = 30 M, T = 20° C ,
L = 1 235.65 M, c = 0.0000116 / 1° C,
T = 33° C
SOLVING FOR DISTANCE AT 33° C
TEMPERATURE.
C = L α (T – T )
C = (1 235.65 M) (0.0000116 / 1° C) (7°C)
C = 0.186 M
L’ = L – C = 1 235.65 M - 0.186 =
L’ = 1 235.464 M
PROBLEM
14. CORRECTION DUE TO
TEMPERATURE. A STEEL TAPE HAVING
A CORRECT LENGTH AT 22° C WAS
USED TO MEASURE A BASELINE AND
THE RECORDED READINGS GAVE THE
TOTAL OF 856.815 M. IF THE AVERAGE
TEMPERATURE DURING THE
MEASUREMENT WAS 18° C, DETERMINE
THE CORRECT LENGTH OF THE LINE.
ILLUSTRATION
856.815 M
SOLUTION
GIVEN: ML = 856.815 M, α = 0.0000116/1°C ,
T = 18° C, T = 22° C
SOLVING FOR CORRECT LENGTH, CL.
C = ML α (T – T )
C = ( 856.815 M) ( 0.0000116/1°C ) ( -4°C)
C = -0.040 M
CL = ML CT = 856.815 M -0.040 M
CL = 856.775 M
PROBLEM
15. CORRECTION DUE TO TENSION. A
HEAVY 30 – M TAPE HAVING A CROSS –
SECTIONAL AREA OF 0.05 CM2 HAS BEEN
STANDARDIZED AT A TENSION OF 5 KG.
IF E = 2.10 X 106 KG / CM, CALCULATE
THE ELONGATION OF THE TAPE FOR AN
INCREASE IN TENSION FROM 5.5 KG TO
20 KG.
BALINTONG, AILA G. E = 2.10 x 10 KG / CM, P = 6.0 KG,

ML = 308.32 M

ILLUSTRATION FINDING CORRECT LENGTH, CL

(P−P )L (12 KG − 6.0 KG)308.32 M

Cp = =
AE (0.035 CM ) (2.1 X 10 KG / CM

Cp = 0.025 M
SOLUTION
CL = ML CP = 308.32 M + 0.025 M
GIVEN:
CL = 308.345 M
P = 20 KG, P = 5.5 KG, L = 30 M,

A = 0.05 CM, E = 2.10 x 106 KG / CM

PROBLEM
FINDING ELONGATION DUE TO TENSON, C
17. CORRECTION DUE TO TENSION. A
(P−P )L (20KG−5.5 KG)30M
Cp = = 30 – M STEEL TAPE WEIGHING 1.75 KG
AE (0.05 CM ) (2.10×106)
IS OF STANDARD LENGTH UNDER A
CP = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟒𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 M
PULL OF 4.55 KG, SUPPORTED FOR
FULL LENGTH. THIS TAPE WAS USED IN

PROBLEM MEASURING A LINE (FOUND TO BE

1371.50 M) ON SMOOTH LEVEL GROUND
16. CORRECTION DUE TO TENSION. A
UNDER A STEADY PUL L OF 8 -KG.
STEEL TAPE IS 30.0 – M LONG UNDER A
ASSUMING E = 2.05 X 10 KG / CM² AND
PULL OF 6.0 WHEN SUPPORTED
THAT THE UNIT WEIGHT OF STEEL IS
THROUGHOUT. IT HAS A CROSS -
7.9 X 10 – 3 KG / CM³ , DETERMINE THE
SECTIONAL AREA OF 0.035 CM AND IS
FOLLOWING: CROSS – SECTIONAL AREA
APPLIED FULLY SUPPORTED WITH A 12
OF THE TAPE, CORRECTION FOR
- KG PULL TO MEASURE A LINE WHOSE
INCREASE IN TENSION FOR THE WHOLE
RECORDED LENGTH IS 308.32 M.
LENGTH MEASURED, AND THE CORRECT
DETERMINE THE CORRECT LENGTH OF
LENGTH OF THE MEASURED LINE.
THE LINE IF E = 2.1 X 10 KG / CM .
ILLUSTRATION
ILLUSTRATION

SOLUTION

SOLUTION GIVEN: P = 8.0 KG, P = 4.55 KG,

GIVEN: P = 12 KG, A =0.035 CM,
W = 1.75 KG, NL = 30 M,
BALINTONG, AILA G. SOLUTION

Given: L = 5.0 M, L = 10.0 M, L = 15.0 M

P = 8.0 KG, W = 1.5 KG
ρ = 7.9 x 10 KG /C M , M L = 1371.50 M,
FINDING CORRECTION DUE TO SAG, Cs
E = 2.05 x 10 KG / CM
W2 L (1.5KG)2 (30 M)
V = A × L, THEN ρ × V = W Cs = −∑ = −∑
24 P2 24 (8 KG)2
A = Wρ×L
67.5 KG2 M
1.75 KG Cs = −∑ = -0.0439 M
1 536 KG2
A =
(9.90×10−3 KG/CM3 )(3000CM)
Cs = - 0.044 M
2
A = 0.074 CM

(P−P )L
Cp = = PROBLEM
AE

(8.0 KG − 4.55 KG)1351.50 M 19. CORRECTION DUE TO SAG. A 30 -

Cp =
(0.074 CM2 ) (2.05×106 KG/CM2 M STEEL TAPE WEIGHING 0.04 KG / M
IS CONSTANTLY SUPPORTED ONLY AT
Cp = 0.026 M
ITS END POINTS, AND USED TO
CL = ML Cp = 1 371.50 M + 0.026 M MEASURE A LINE WITH A STEADY
PULL OF 8.5 KG. IF THE MEASURED
CL = 1 371.526 M
LENGTH OF THE LINE IS 2 465.18 M,
DETERMINE THE CORRECT LENGTH OF
PROBLEM THE LINE.

18. CORRECTION DUE TO SAG. A 30 - M ILLUSTRATION

STEEL TAPE WEIGHS 1.5 KG AND IS
SUPPORTED AT ITS END POINTS AND AT
SOLUTION
THE 5 AND 15 - METER MARKS. IF A
PULL OF 8 KG IS APPLIED, DETERMINE ML = 2 465.18 M, NL = 30.00 M,
THE CORRECTION DUE TO SAG
W = 0.04 KG / M, P = 8.5 KG
BETWEEN SUPPORTS FOR ONE TAPE
LENGTH. FINDING CORRECT LENGTH, CL

ILLUSTRATION N W2 𝐿3
Cs = −∑
24 P2

N = 2 460 M / 30 M = 82 TAPELENGTHS

(82) ( 0.04 KG/M)2 (30 M)3

Cs = −∑
24 (8.5 KG)2
BALINTONG, AILA G. PROBLEM

21. NORMAL TENSION. A 30 - M STEEL

TAPE SUPPORTED AT IT SENDS WEIGHS
Cs = - 0.025 M
0.03 KG/M AND IS OF STANDARD LENGTH
CL = ML Cs = 2 465.18 M - 0.025 M UNDER A PULL OF 6.5 KG. IF THE ELASTIC
CL = 2 465.155 M MODULUS OF STEEL IS 2.0 X 10 KG / CM²
AND ITS WEIGHT DENSITY IS 7.9 X 10
KG/CM³ , DETERMINE THE TENSION AT
PROBLEM WHICH THE EFFECT OF SAG WILL BE
ELIMINATED BY THE ELONGATION OF THE
20. NORMAL TENSION. DETERMINE THE
TAPE DUE TO INCREASED TENSION.
NORMAL TENSION REQUIRED TO MAKE A
TAPE EXACTLY 30.0 M BETWEEN IT ILLUSTRATION
SENDS WHEN USED IN AN UNSUPPOR-
TED MODE, IF THE TAPE HAS ACROSS -
SECTIONAL AREA OF 0.045 CM². AND
WEIGHS 0.90 KG. ASSUME THAT THE SOLUTION
TAPE IS EXACTLY 30.0 M WHEN SUPPOR-
GIVEN: NL = 30 M, Ps = 6.5 KG,
TED THROUGHOUT ITS LENGTH UNDER
A STANDARD PULL OF 6.0 KG, AND ITS W = 0.03 KG/M, Wp = 7.9 X 10 KG/CM³,
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY IS
E = 2.0 X 10 KG / CM²
2.10 X 10 KG / CM².
FINDING NORMAL PULL, P
ILLUSTRATION
A = MASS / DENSITY (P) LENGTH (L)

𝑊×𝑁𝐿 (0.03KG/M)(30M)
A = = 100 CM
𝑃𝐿 (7.9X10KG/CM3 )ቀ30M× ቁ
M

SOLUTION A = 0.037974684 CM² = 0.038 CM²

GIVEN: NL = 30 M, A = 0.045 CM², 2
0.204 W ξ𝐴 𝐸
W = 0.90 KG, Ps = 6.0 KG, P =
ξP − Ps
E = 2.10 X 10 KG / CM²
2
0.204(0.09 KG) ඥ(0.038 𝐶𝑀²)(2.0 𝑋10 𝐾𝐺/𝐶𝑀²)
FINDING NORMAL TENSION, Pn
ξP − 6.5 KG
2
0.204 W ξ𝐴 𝐸
P = P = 16.225 KG
ξP − Ps
2
0.204 W ඥ(0.045)(2.0×106 )
P =
ξP − 6
PROBLEM
P = 15.819 KG
22. COMBINED CORRECTIONS. A 30 – M
BALINTONG, AILA G.
TAPE WEIGHS 12.5 G/M AND HAS A
CROSS SECTION OF 0.022 CM ² . IT
MEASURES CORRECTLY WHEN SUPPOR-
TED THROUGHOUT UNDER A TENSION OF
8.0 KG AND AT A TEMPERATURE OF 20 C.
WHEN USED IN THE FIELD, THE TAPE IS
ONLY SUPPORTED AT IT SENDS, UNDER
A PULL OF 9.0 KG AND AT AN AVERAGE
TEMPERATURE OF 28 C. DETERMINE THE
DISTANCE BETWEEN THE ZERO AND 30 M
MARKS.
ILLUSTRATION
SOLUTION
GIVEN: P = 9.0 KG, P = 8.0 KG,
A = 0.022 CM ², T = 28ºC, T = 20ºC
NL = 30.0 M, E = 2.10 X 10 KG / CM²,
α = 11.6 x 10 / ºC
FINDING CORRECT LENGTH, CL
C = Lα (T – T ) =
C = 30 M (11.6 x 10 / ºC)( 28ºC - 20ºC)
C = 2.784 x10-3 M
C = (P-P ) L/ A E
9 KG − 8 KG) 30 M
C = (0.022 CM ²)(2.10 X 10 KG / CM²)
C = 6.818 x 10 M
CL = L ± Cp ± CT =
CL = 30.0 M+ 6.818 x 10 M + 2.784 x 10 M
CL = 30.0034658 M = 30.003 M
PROBLEM
23. COMBINED CORRECTIONS. A LINE
WAS FOUND TO BE 2 865.35 M LONG
WHEN MEASURED WITH A 30 – M TAPE
UNDER A STEADY PULL OF 6.5 KG AT
A MEAN TEMPERATURE OF 30 ºC.
DETERMINE THE CORRECT LENGTH OF
THE LINE IF THE TAPE USED IS OF
STANDARD LENGTH AT 20 C UNDER A
PULL OF 5.5 KG. ASSUME THE CROSS -
SECTIONAL AREA OF TAPE TO BE 0.025
CM ², ELASTIC MODULUS AS 2.10 X 10
KG/CM ², AND COEFFICIENT OF
THERMAL EXPANSION TO BE
0.0000116/1 ºC.
ILLUSTRATION
SOLUTION
GIVEN : ML = 2865.35 M, T = 30ºC, T = 20ºC
α = 0.0000116/1ºC , P = 6.5 KG, P = 5.5 KG
A = 0.025 CM² , E = 2.10 x 10 KG/ CM²
C = ML α (T – T )
C = 2865.35 M (0.0000116/1ºC)( 30ºC - 20ºC)
C =0.332 M
C = (P-P ) ML/ A E
BALINTONG, AILA G. C = 𝟒𝟓°𝟕′𝟏𝟖. 𝟏𝟒"

6.6 KG − 5.5 KG)(2 865.35 M) PROBLEM

C = = 0.055 M
(0.022 CM ²)(2.10 X 10 KG / CM²)
25. OBSTRUCTED DISTANCES. IN THE
CL = ML ± CP ± CT ACCOMPANYING SKETCH IT IS
CL = 2865.35 M + 0.055 M + 0.332 M REQUIRED TO DETERMINE THE
DISTANCE BETWEEN POINTS A AND B
CL = 2 865.737 M
WHICH SPANS A WIDE AND
DEEPRIVER. LINES BD AND CE, WHICH

PROBLEM MEASURE 385.75 M AND 529.05 M,

RESPECTIVELY, ARE ESTABLISHED
24. MEASURING ANGLES WITH TAPE. THE
PERPENDICULAR TO LINE ABC. IF
SIDES OF A TRIANGLE MEASURE 1 063.55,
POINTS D AND E ARE LINED UP WITH
1 840.33, AND 1 325.05 M. DETERMINE THE
A AND THE LENGTH OF BC = 210.38 M,
THREE ANGLES IN THE TRIANGLE.
DETERMINE THE REQUIRED DISTANCE.
ILLUSTRATION
ILLUSTRATION

SOLUTION

GIVEN: A = 1 063.55 M, B = 1 840.33 M,

C = 1 325.05 M
SOLUTION
FINDING A, B , C
GIVEN: BD = 385.75 M, CE = 529.05 M,
c2 +c2 −c2 BC = 210.38 M
A = cos −1
2cc
SOLVING FOR LENGTH AB
(1 840.33) 2 +(1 325.05)2 −(1 063.55)2
A = cos −1
2(1840.33)(1325.05) ACE ABD

A = 𝟑𝟒°𝟑𝟗′𝟒𝟐. 𝟏𝟖" AC AB AB - BC AB
= = = =
CE BD CE BD
c2 + c2 − c2
B = cos−1 AB - 210.38 AB
2cc =
529.05 385.75
(1 840.33) 2 +(1 325.05)2 −(1 063.55)2
B = cos −1 AB = 566.32 M
2(1 063.55 )(1325.05)

B = 𝟏𝟎𝟎°𝟏𝟐′𝟓𝟗. 𝟔𝟖"

C = 180° − (34°39′42.18")(100°12′59.68")