Name: ___________________________________

Homework 3 – HSC308 02/18/2019

1. List 4 major functions of the cardiovascular system.

- Delivers O2 and nutrients
- Removes CO2, other waste
- Transports hormones and other molecules
- Temperature balance and fluid regulation

2. Describe blood flow through the pulmonary circulation.

- Pumps deoxygenated blood from body to lungs
- Superior, inferior vena cavae  RA  tricuspid valve  RV  pulmonary valve 
pulmonary arteries  lungs

3. List 2 major differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle cells.

- Skeletal muscle cells are large, long, unbranched, and multinucleated
- Myocardial cells are small, short, branched, with one nucleus

4. Label the P wave, the QRS complex and the T wave.

5. What is happening in the heart during the QRS complex?

- Ventricular depolarization

6. John has a resting heart rate of 60 bpm, a EDV of 110ml and a ESV of 40ml. What is his
cardiac output and ejection fraction?
- Cardiac output = 60RHR/40mL = 2.4L/min
- Ejection fraction = 40mL/110mL = 36.3%
Name: ___________________________________

7. What is the most important factor regarding changes in blood flow resistance and what
are the major resistance vessels controlling this?
- R= [hL/r4]
- Arterioles are responsible for most pressure changes

8. Describe what happens to blood flow in the muscle from rest to heavy exercise.
- At rest, kidneys receive 50% of blood flow while skeletal muscle receives 20%. During
exercise, however, exercising muscles receive 80% of blood flow and the flow to the
liver and kidneys decreases via VC.

9. List 2 differences between acute muscle soreness and DOMS.

- Acute muscle soreness occurs during or immediately following strenuous or novel
exercise. DOMs will come on a few days following strenuous exercise. Another
difference is DOMS’s major cause is eccentric contractions whereas acute muscle
soreness can be from any kind of strenuous exercise.
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10. List 2 major differences between exercise-associated muscle cramps and heat cramps.
- Exercise-associated muscle cramps occur during or immediately after exercise while
heat cramps are often associated with large sweat and electrolyte losses.
- Heat cramps can be treated with massages, while exercise-associated cramps are
relieved by stretching.