SOCI

OLOGYOFCRI
MES,
ETHI
CSANDHUMANRELATI
ONS

By

Er
ickA.Gempesao
Cri
minol
ogi
st

CRI
M.4:JUVENI
LEDELI
NQUENCYANDCRI
MEPREVENTI
ON

JUVENI
LEDELINQUENCY
- anant i
-social behaviororactwhichdoesnotconf orm witht hestandardsofsociet
y
- youthbehav iorwhi chisagainstthenormsandr egulati
onsofsoci etywhichifleft
uncheckedwoul dgiverisetocri
minali
ty
- descri
besal ar genumberofdi sappr
ovedbehav iorofchildrenory out
h
- anti
-socialact sorbehav iorofchil
drenwhi chdev iatefrom t henormalpat t
ernof
rul
esandr egul ati
ons,custom andculturewhichsoci etydoesnotacceptandwhi ch
ther
efor ejustifysomeki ndofadmoni ti
on,punishmentorcor rect
ivemeasuresinthe
publi
cint erest

JUVENI
LE
- achi l
doray oungper
son,who,underthelegalsystem maybedeal
twi
thf
oran
off
enseinamannerdif
fer
entfr
om thatofanadul
t
- personsbel
owtheageofmajori
ty,
thati
s,bel
oweighteenyear
sol
d

AGEOFMAJORITY
- maj
orit
ycommencesatt
heageofei
ght
een(
18)y
ear
s

EMANCI
PATION
- fr
eedom fr
om parent
alaut
hori
ty,
bot
hoverhi
spersonandpr
oper
ty
- happensuponreachi
ngtheageofei
ght
eenyear
s

RA6809
- thel
awamendingtheageofmaj
ori
ty
- l
oweredtheageofmajor
it
yfr
om t
wenty
-one(
21)t
oei
ght
een(
18)y
ear
s
- appr
ovedon13December1989

DELI
NQUENT
- onewhosebehav iorhasbroughthi
mi nt
or epeat
edconfl
ictwit
hthelawregardl
ess
whetherhehasbeent akenbef
oreacourtandadjudgedadeli
nquent
- onewhohascommi tt
edanof f
ensethatvi
olatedt
heapprovednormsofconductand
isgui
lt
yofami sdeed

STATUSOFFENSE
- cer
tain acts oromissi
ons whi
ch may notbe punishable soci
all
y orlegal
l
yif
commi tt
edbyadul t
sbutbecomeant i
-soci
aloril
legalbecausetheof f
enderisa
minor,suchas:
a) tr
uancy,orfr
equent,
unr
easonabl
eabsent
eeism f
rom school
 b) useofpr ofanelanguage
c) runningawayf r
om home
d) smoki nganddr i
nkingal coholi
cbeverages
e) disobediencetopar ents,guardi
ansorschool
off
ici
als
f) mendi cancyorbeggi ngint hestr
eets
g) associati
onwi t
hdel inquentgangs

ANTI
-SOCI
ALBEHAVIOR
- char
act
eri
zedbydi
sobedi
encet
o,ordi
srespectf
or,
aut
hor
it
ies

PARENSPATRIAE(“fatherofthecount ry”)
- thedoctri
net hatdoesnotconsi derdeli
nquentactsascrimi
nal vi
olat
ion,
thusmaki
ng
deli
nquents non- cr
iminalper sons and cannotbe f ound guil
ty ofa cri
me and
punishedli
keanadul tcri
minal
- viewsminorwhov i
olatethelawsasv i
ctimsofimpropercare,custodyandtr
eat
ment
athome
- assumptionbyt heSt ateoft heroleofguar di
anov erchil
drenwhosepar ent
sare
deemedi ncapableorunwor t
hy
- theauthori
tyoft hestatetoactonbehal fofthechil
dren

THREETYPESOFDELI
QUENCY

1) ENVIRONMENTALDELI NQUENTS
- char
acter
izedbyoccasi
onal
law-
breaki
ng

2) EMOTI ONALLYMALADJUSTEDDELI NQUENTS

- charact
erized bychr
oni
claw-
breaki
ng,a habi
twhi
ch t
hist
ypecannotav
oid or
escapefrom

3) PSYCHI ATRI
CDELINQUENTS
- charact
eri
zedbyseri
ousemot i
onaldi
stur
banceswi t
hinthei
ndi
vi
dualandi
nsome
casesassoci
atedwi
thtendenci
estowar
dsment al
il
lness

TYPESOFDELINQUENTYOUTH
1)SOCIAL
- anaggr
essi
vey
out
hwhor
esent
saut
hor
it
yofany
onewhomakesanef
for
ttocont
rol
hi
sbehavi
or

2)NEUROTIC
- onewhohasi
nter
nal
i
zedhi
sconf
li
ctsandi
spr
eoccupi
edwi
thhi
sownf
eel
i
ngs

3)ASOCI AL
- onewhosedel
inquentact
shav
eacol
d,br
utalandv
ici
ousqual
i
tyf
orwhi
cht
hey
out
h
feelsnor
emor
se

4)ACCI
DENTAL
- onewhoisessential
lysoci
abl
eandlaw-abi
dingbuthappenst
obeatthewrongt
ime
and pl
ace and becomes inv
olv
ed in del
i
nquentacts nottypi
calofhi
sgeneral
behavi
or
DI
FFERENTAPPROACHESI NTHESTUDYOFDELI NQUENCY
1) BIOGENICAPPROACH
- gi
v esan explanat
ion t
hatl
aw v
iol
ati
onsand del
i
nquencyar
ea r
esul
tofsome
phy si
cal
defects

2) PSYCHOGENI CAPPROACH
- ar
guest hatt
hecr i
ti
calf
act
orsindeli
nquencyar
eper
sonal
i
typr
obl
emst
owhi
ch
misbehavi
ori
spresumedtobether
esponse

3) SOCIOGENICAPPROACH
- at
tri
but
esdelinquencypatt
ernt
osocial
str
uct
ures
- vi
ewsy out
hfulmisdeedasar esul
tofalear
ningpr
ocesst
hroughi
nter
act
ionswi
th
ot
hermember sofsociety

DI
FFERENTTHEORI
ESCONCERNI
NGDELI
NQUENCY

CHOI
CETHEORY
- basedont heclassi
calschoolofcri
minologythatviewsani ndiv
idualashavingfr
ee
wil
linchoosinghi sacti
onsandt hathecal cul
ateswhathewi llgai
norl oseifhe
commi tsanact
- vi
ewst hedeli
nquentasamot i
vat
edoffenderwhobr eaksthelawbecauseheorshe
percei
vesanabundanceofbenef i
tsandanabsenceoft hreat

BI
OSOCI
ALORTRAI TTHEORI ES
- basedont hevi
ewt hatboththoughtandbehaviorhavebiol
ogi
cal
andsoci
albases
- contemporaryexpl
anationofthebiogeni
capproach
- hasthreesub-t
heories:
biochemical,
neurol
ogi
cal andgenet
ics

1)BI
OCHEMI CAL
- v
iewsthatcr
imeanddeli
nquency
,especial
lyvi
olence,ar
ether
esul
tofdi
et,v
itami
n
i
ntake,
hor
monali
mbalanceandotherbi
ologi
calcauses

2)NEUROLOGI CAL
- expl
ainst hatcri
meanddelinquencyoccurbecauset heindiv
idualsuff
ersf
rom br
ain
i
mpai rmentorabnormali
tyi
nt hestructureofthebr ai
n
- l
earning disabi
li
ti
essuchasat tentiondef i
cit
/hyperact
ivedisorderand mi
nimum
brai
ndy sfuncti
onarer
elat
edt oantisocialbehavi
or

3)GENETI C
- explainsthatdelinquentt
rait
sandpr edisposi
ti
ontocr i
minal
i
tyar
einher
it
edf
rom
parents
- cri
mi nal
ityofparentscanpredi
ctdeli
nquencyofchil
dren
- suppor t
edbyr esearchontwinstudi
esandadopt i
onstudi
es

PSYCHOLOGICALTHEORI ES
- vi
ewsdeli
nquencyasar esultofemoti
onalandment al
dist
urbanceoft
hei
ndi
vi
dual
- cont
emporar
yexplanat
ionoft hepsychogeni
capproach
- hasthr
eesub-t
heori
es:psy chodynamic,
behavi
oralandcognit
ive

1)PSYCHODYNAMI
CTHEORY
 - basedont hepsychoanal
yti
ctheor
yofSigmundFreud
- del
inquencyistheresul
toftheimbal
anceofthethreecomponent
sofper
sonal
i
ty:i
d,
egoandsuper ego
- del
inquencyistheproductoftheabnor
malpersonali
tyst
ruct
urefor
medinear
lyli
fe
andwhicht her
eaft
ercontr
olshumanbehavi
orchoices

2)BEHAVI ORALTHEORY
- bel
ievesthatindi
vidual
slearnbyobservinghowpeoplereactt
otheirbehavior
- behaviorisreinf
orcedbysomeposi ti
vereact
ion,andbehaviorisextinguishedi
f
punished
- misbehaviorofchi
ldrenifl
eftuncheckedwill
persi
stunt
iladol
escence

3)COGNITI VETHEORY
- viewst hatdel i
nquencyi saresul tofthefault
yperceptionandanal
ysi
sofdat
aofan
indi
v idual
- beli
ev est hatwhenani ndi
vi
dualmakedeci si
ons,heengagesi nasequenceof
cogni ti
v et houghtprocesses:
1)hef irstencodest heinfor
mat i
onsot hati
tcanbei nter
pret
ed;
2)t hen,hesear chesf orapr operr esponseanddeci deuponthemostappr
opr
iate
action;
3)f i
nal l
y ,heactsonhi sdecision
- deli
nquency -pr
oneadol escentsmayhav ecognit
ivedef i
cit
sand usei
nfor
mation
incorrect lywhent heymakedeci sions

SOCIOLOGI
CALTHEORI ES
- vi
ewsdel i
nquencyasaproductoft
hedif
ferentsoci
alf
actorsanddy namics
- has fourgroups oftheor
ies whi
ch i
nt urn cont
ain sev
eralsub- t
heories:soci
al
str
ucturetheori
es,soci
alprocess t
heori
es,socialreacti
on theories and soci
al
confl
i
cttheori
es

1)SOCIALSTRUCTURETHEORIES
- hol
dthatdel
i
nquencyi
safunct
ionofaper
son’
spl
acei
ntheeconomi
cst
ruct
ure

2)SOCIALPROCESSTHEORIES
- v
iewdel
inquencyasar
esul
tofpoororf
aul
tysoci
ali
zat
ionorupbr
ingi
ng

3)SOCIALREACTIONTHEORIES
- v
iewdel
inquentact
sandcr
imi
nal
i
tyaspr
oduct
sofst
igmaandl
abel
i
ng

4)SOCIALCONTROLTHEORI ES
- maintai
nthateveryonehasthepotent
ialt
obecomeacr
imi
nalbutmostpeopl
ear
e
contr
oll
edbytheirbondstosoci
ety

CONTRI
BUTORYFACTORSI
NJUVENI
LEDELI
NQUENCY

1) FAMI LY
- thef i
rstand mostbasicinst
it
uti
onofsocietyresponsi
blef ordeveloping achil
d’s
potenti
ali
nalli
tsaspect
sli
kephysi
cal
,emoti
onal
,spir
it
ual,
mor al,
int
ell
ectualandsoci
al
- moldst hechi
ldtolearntocurbhisdesi
resandtoacceptr ulesthatdefinetheti
me,
 placeandcir
cumst
ancesunderwhi
chhi
ghl
yper
sonalneedsmaybesat
isf
iedi
nsoci
all
y
acceptabl
eways

TYPESOFFAMILYSTRUCTURE:
1) NUCLEARFAMI LY
- consi
stsoffather
,motherandchildren
2) EXTENDEDFAMI LY
- consi
sts offather,mother
,children,grandpar
ent
s,uncl
es and aunt
s,
cousi
ns,nephewsandniences,andi n-
laws

Ideal
l
y,ahomemusthav et hefollowi ng:
a) str
ucturalcompl eteness
- presenceofbot hf atherandmot her
b) economi csecur ity
- capabi li
tyt oprovidef orthebasicneedsandwants
c) cul
turalconf ormi ty
- typical f
ami lybeli
ef sandpr acti
ces
d) moralconf ormi t
y
- mor al uprightness, Christi
anwayoflivi
ng
e) physi
calandpsy chologicalnor malcy
f) emotionaladequacy
- affection, support,loveandcar ebetweenfaul
tymember
s

Fact
orsint hehomel i
fet hatmaycausedel inquency:
a) faul
t ydev elopmentoft hechi l
d
b) l
ackofpar ent alguidance
c) parent al r
ej ect i
on
d) brokenhomes
e) l
ackofl ove
f) unfairt reatment
g) toohar shdi scipli
nebyei therorbothparents
h) toomuchl eniencybyei therorbothparents
i
) unfav orabl epar entalexample

2) SCHOOL
- consideredthesecondhomeofachi l
d,wi
thteacher
sast hesecondpar ents
- i
nstitut
ionresponsibl
efort
hetrai
ningofyoungper son’
sintell
ectual
,mor al
,aswel las
socialskil
lswhi ch t
heyneed f
ort hem to gr
ow up aspr oducti
ve,law-abi
ding and
responsibl
eciti
zens

I
nst
ancesofdev iantconductat t
ri
butedtoschool i
nadequacy :
a) fail
ureoft eacherstodet ectandaddr essproblemsofchi ldr
enandr epor
t
suchproblemst othepar ents
b) pooracademi catmospher e
c) member shipi nschoolgangsordev elopmentoff ri
endshipswiththewrong
crowd
d) lackoffacil
it
iesforcurr
icularandext r
a-cur
ri
cularact
ivit
ies
e) fail
ureofteachersincharacterdev el
opmentoft hestudents
f) fail
uretoactuall
yfini
shschool ,resul
ti
ngt obeingout-of
-schoolyout
hswitha
lotofti
met owast eanddounpr oducti
veactiv
iti
es
 g) f
ail
uret
ogetgai
nful
empl
oymentduet
olackofsuf
fi
cienteducat
ion

3) ENVIRONMENT
- thecult
ure,normsandbehaviorofthechil
d’ssurr
oundingsmayver
ywelli
nfl
uencethe
upbri
ngingoft hechi
ldespecial
l
ydur i
ngtheirformati
vey ear
sandsuchmisbehav
ior
l
earnedisli
kelytobecar
ri
edonunt i
lthechi
ld’
smat ur
it
y

Someoft hebehaviormodif
icati
onbymeansofi mi t
ati
onasbr oughtaboutby
envi
ronment ali
nfl
uence:
a) rampantdr ugaddi
cti
on
b) vicessuchasgambl i
nganddr i
nki
ngalcohol
i
cbeverages
c) associat
ionwithcri
minal
groupsorgangs
d) toomuchexposur etosexandv i
olencei
nmov i
es,
televi
sion,
pri
ntandint
ernet

HI
STORYOFJUVENI
LEJUSTI
CE

Themoder npracti
ceoflegal
lysepar at
ingadultandj uveni
leoff
enderscanbet r
aced
backt ot wo devel
opment sin Engl
ish custom and law thatoccurred cent
uri
esago: t he
developmentofPOORLAWSandt hecreationoftheEngl i
shCHANCERYCOURTS.Bot hwere
designedtoallow thestat
et otakecont r
oloft heli
vesofneedybutnotnecessar il
ycriminal
chi
ldren.Thissy st
em wasbr oughttot heUnitedStateswher eitwasdev el
opedfurt
herunt i
l
l
ateritbecamet hebasi
soft hej
uveni
lejusti
cesy st
em inthePhil
ippi
nes.

ENGLI
SHSYSTEM

POORLAWS
- i
n1535,st at
uteswhi chmandat edtheappointedofov erseerswhopl aceddest i
tut
e
orneglect
edchi l
drenwithf amili
eswhot hent r
ainedt hem i nagri
cultural
,tradeor
domesticservi
ces;thi
spracticei
scalledi
ndenture
- i
n1601, asystem wascreatedwher ei
nchurchwor kerswi ththeconsentofj usti
ceof
thepeaceidenti
fi
edv agr
ant,deli
nquentandneglectedchildrenandt ookmeasur esto
putthem t
owor k;t
hesechildrenwereplacedinwor khousesunt i
ltheiradult
hood

CHANCERYCOURTS
- prot
ectedthepropert
yright
sandwel far
eofminorchildr
enwhocouldnotcarefor
themselv
es
- thecourt
sdealtwit
hissuesofguardi
anshi
pandtheuseandcontr
olofpr
opert
y
- thecourtsoperat
edundert heparenspatr
iaephi
losophywhi
chheldthatchil
dren
wereundertheprot
ecti
vecontrol
ofthestat
e

AMERI
CANSYSTEM

- thepracti
ceofi ndentur
eandchancerycour t
sinEngl andwer eadoptedbythest
ates
ofVirgi
nia,Connect i
cutandMassachusetts,howev er,thoseyouthswhocommi t
ted
seri
ouscr i
mi naloff
ensesconti
nuedtobetriedinthesamecour t
sasadul
ts
- middle-
classci vi
cleaders,whoref
err
edt othemsel vesasCHI LDSAVERSbegant o
devel
opor ganizat
ionsandgr oupstohelpal levi
atet hebur densofthepoorand
i
mmi grantsbysponsor i
ngshelt
ercarefory ouths,educationalandsoci
alact
ivi
ti
es
 andt hedev elopmentofset tl
ementhouses;t hiswascal ledt heCHI LD SAVI NG
MOVEMENT
- theyar eresponsi bleforcr eati
nganumberofpr ogramsf orindi genty out
hs,including
theNewYor kHouseofRef uge,areformat ory,whichbeganoper at i
onsin1825
- theHouseofRef ugewascr eatedtopr otectindigenty out hswhower eatr iskt o
cri
mebyt akingt hem of fthest r
eetsandr eformingt hem i naf ami ly-
li
keenv i
ronment
- thefirstcompr ehensi vejuv eni
lecourtwasest abli
shedi nIl
linoi sin1899t hr
ought he
passageoft heIlli
noisJuv enil
eCour tActof1899whi chsetupani ndependentcour t
tohandl ecr i
minall awv iolati
onsbychi ldrenundersi xteen( 16)y earsofage,aswel l
ast ocaref ornegl ect
ed, dependent ,
andway wardy out hs
- thepur poseoft heactwast oseparatej uv eni
lesfrom adul tof fender sandpr ov i
dea
l
egal framewor ki nwhi chj uvenil
escouldgetadequat ecar eandcust ody
- Congr esspassedt heJuv eni
leJusticeandDel inquencyPr ev entionActof1974t o
i
dent i
fytheneedsofy out hsandt ofundpr ogramsi nt hej uveni l
ej usticesystem
- i
tsmai ngoalwast osepar ateway war d,non- danger ousy out hsf rom insti
tutions
housingdel i
nquent sandt or emov eadol escentsf rom i nst itutionshousi ngadul t
offenders

JUVENI
LECOURT
- acourtt
hathasor
igi
nalj
uri
sdi
cti
onoverper
sonsdef
inedbyst
atut
easj
uveni
l
esand
al
legedt
obedeli
nquent
sorstat
usoff
enders

DEVELOPMENTOFJUVENI LEJUSTI CEI NTHEPHI LIPPI

NES
1)PD603–Chi l
dandYout hWel fareCode
2)Ra7610–Ant i
-Chil
dAbuseLaw
3)RA6809–l awamendi ngtheageofmaj ori
ty
4)RA8552ANDRA8043–l awsonadopt ion
5)RA9208–Ant i-
Traff
icki
nginPer sonsAct
6)RA9231–l awamendi ngRA7610onwor kingchil
dren
7)RA9255–l awont heuseoffat her’
ssurnameof
il
legi
ti
matechildren
8)RA9262–Ant i-
Viol
enceAgainstWomenandt hei
rChi
ldr
en
9)RA9523–l awamendi ngthelawsonadopt ion
10)RA9344-Juvenil
eJusti
ceandWel far
eAct
11)RA9775–Anti-
Chil
dPor nogr
aphyAct

I
MPORTANTPROVI
SIONSOFPD603

PD603–THECHI LDANDYOUTHWELFARECODE
- approvedon10December1974
- eff
ectivi
tydat
eis10June1975( sixmont
hsaft
erappr
oval
)
- shal
l appl
ytopersonsunderei
ghteen(
18)year
sofage

PARENTALAUTHORI TY(PATRI APOTESTAS)

- thesum total
ofther i
ghtsofthepar
entsovert
hepersonandproper
tyoftheirchil
d
- theexerciseofwhi chhasnodi sti
ncti
onbetweenal egi
ti
mateandani l
l
egiti
mat e
chil
d
- the fat
herand t he mot hershal
lexerci
se joi
ntl
yjustand reasonabl
e par ent
al
authori
tyandresponsibi
l
ityovert
hei
rlegi
ti
mateoradoptedchi
l
dren
 - i
ncaseofdeat hofeitherpar
ent,t
hesurvivi
ngparentshallexerci
sesol
epar
ent
al
author
it
y
- i
ncaseofdisagreement,t
hefather
’sdeci
sionshal
lprev
ailunlessther
eisaj
udi
cial
ordert
othecont
rary

PARENTALRESPONSIBI
LITY
- t
hesum t
otal
ofthedut
iesandobl
i
gat
ionsofpar
ent
sov
ert
hei
rmi
norchi
l
dren

LI
ABILI
TIESOFPARENTS
- parent
sandguardi
ansareresponsi
blef
ort
hedamageori
njur
ycausedbyt
hechi
l
d
underthei
rpar
ent
alaut
hori
ty

LEGALCUSTODY
- i
ncaseofseparati
onofparents,nochil
dunderSEVEN(7)YEARSOFAGEshal
lbe
separ
atedf
rom hi
smotherunlessthecourtdeci
desot
her
wise

GUARDI
ANSHIP
- atr
ustrel
ati
onofthemostsacr
edchar
act
er,
inwhichoneper
son,cal
ledaguar
dian,
act
sforanot
her
,call
edaward,r
egar
dedasi
ncapabl
eofmanaginghi
sownaffai
rs

SUBSTI
TUTEPARENTALAUTHORI TY
- incaseofabsenceordeat hofbot hparent
s,substi
tut
eparent
alauthori
tyshal
lbe
giv
ent othefol
lowing,
inorderofpri
ori
ty:
1)gr andpar
ent s
2)ol destbr
otherorsisteratl
east21yearsofage
3)r elat
ivewhohasact ualcustodyoft hechil
d/guar
diandulyappoint
edbyt he
court

COMMENCEMENTOFCI VILPERSONALITY
- the CI
VIL PERSONALITY ofthe chi
l
d shal
lcommence f
rom t
he MOMENT OF
CONCEPTION

CONCEPTI
ON
- thestartofl
if
e
- theunionofthesperm cel
landtheeggcel
l
- alsocall
edtheprocessoffer
ti
li
zati
on

CI
VILPERSONALI TY
- pert
ainst
otheident
it
yandrecogni
ti
onofani
ndi
vi
dualaspersonhavingr
ights
- shal
lcommencef rom t
hemomentofconcepti
on,thusallchil
drenshallhavet
he
ri
ghttobebor
nandt her
ightt
olive

ABORTI
ON
- theexpul
sionoft
hef
etusf
rom t
hemot
her
’swomb

KI
NDSOFABORTI
ON

1)CRI
MI NALABORTION
- classi
fi
edasintent
ional
oruni
ntent
ional
aspr
ovi
dedbyt
heRev
isedPenal
Code
- punishabl
ebylaw
 2)THERAPEUTICABORTI ON
- recommendedandperfor
medbyacer
ti
fi
edphy
sici
anwhent
her
ear
eheal
thr
isks
andcompli
cati
ons
- notpuni
shabl
ebylaw

CATEGORI
ESOFCHI LDREN
1)DEPENDENT
- onewhoi swi t
houtaparent,guardi
anorcustodi
an,orwhoseparent
s,guar
dianor
othercust
odianforgoodcausedesiretobereli
evedofhi
scareandcustodyandis
dependentuponthepubl
icforsupport

2)ABANDONED
- onewhohadnopr operpar
entalcareorguardianshi
porwhoseparentsorguar
dians
havedeser
tedhimforaper
iodofatleastsi
xconsecut i
vemonths(PD603)
- ref
erstoachil
dwhohasnopr operpar
entalcareorguardi
anshi
p,orwhoseparents
havedeser
tedhim orherf
oraper i
odofatl eastthr
ee(3)conti
nuousmonths( RA
9523

3)NEGLECTED
- onewhosebasi cneedshav ebeendel
iber
atel
yunattendedorinadequatel
yatt
ended
- achi ldisunat tendedwhenl eftbyhimselfwithoutprovisionforhisneedsand
withoutpropersuper vi
sion
- neglectmayoccuri ntwoway s:
a)phy si
calnegl ect
o Mal nouri
shment ,untidyanddamagedclot
hing,noshelt
er
b)emot ionalneglect
o mal tr
eated,raped,seduced,abused,exploi
ted,madet owor kundercondi
ti
ons
notconducivetogoodheal thorpl
acedinmor alandphysicaldanger

4)MENTALLY- RETARDED
- sociall
yincompet ent
,social
l
yinadequate,occupati
onal
lyi
ncompet
entandunablet
o
managet heirownaf fai
rs
- ment al
lysub- normal
- ret
ardedi ntell
ect uall
yfr
om birt
horearlyage
- ret
ardedatmat urity
- ment al
lydef i
cientasar esul
tofconst
ituti
onalori
ginthr
oughher
edi
tyordi
sease
- essential
lyincur able

5)PHYSI
CALLY-HANDICAPPED
- cri
ppl
ed,deaf
-mute,bl
i
ndandot
hercondi
ti
onswhi
chr
est
ri
ctt
hei
rmeansofact
ionor
communicati
onwithother
s

6)EMOTIONALLY-DI
STURBED
- thosewho,althoughnotaf fl
i
cted wi
thinsani
tyormentaldefect,ar
eunablet
o
maintai
nnormalsocialrel
ati
onswithother
sandt hecommunit
yi ngener
alduet
o
emotional
probl
emsorcompl exes
- maybecausedbyt raumati
cexperi
ences
 7)MENTALLY-I
LL
- thosewit
hanybehavi
oraldisorder,
whetherfunct
ionalororgani
c,whi
chi
sofsucha
degreeofsev
eri
tyast
or equir
epr of
essi
onalhelporhospit
ali
zati
on

8)DI
SABLED
- incl
udes mentall
y-
ret
arded, phy
sical
l
y-handi
capped, emot
ional
l
y-di
stur
bed and
mentall
y-
il
lchi
l
dren

I
MPORTANTPROVI
SIONSOFTHELAWSONADOPTI
ON

ADOPTI
ON
- anactbywhi chrel
ati
onsofpat erni
tyandfi
li
ati
onsarerecogni
zedaslegal
lyex
isti
ng
betweenpersonsnotsorelat
edbynat ure
- thetaki
ngintoone’sfamil
yoft hechil
dofanother,assonordaughterandhei
r,and
conferr
ingonitati
tl
etotherightsandprivi
l
egesofsuch

FI
LIATI
ON
- theacknowledgmentoft
hef
atherofhi
srel
ati
onshi
pwi
tht
hechi
l
d
- alsocal
ledpater
nit
y

BI
OLOGICALCHI LD
- nat
ural-
bor
nchi
l
doft hepar
ent
s
ADOPTEDCHILD
- achil
dwhounderwentthej
udi
cial
processofadopt
ion

FOUNDLI
NG
- r
efer
st o a deser
ted orabandoned i
nfantorchi
l
d whose par
ent
s,guar
dian or
r
elat
ivesar
eunknown

RA8552–DOMESTICADOPTIONACTOF1998
- appr
ovedon25Febr
uar
y1998

ADOPTER
- t
heper
sonadopt
ingorpet
it
ioni
ngf
ort
headopt
ionofachi
l
d

ADOPTEE
- t
hechi
l
dorper
sonbei
ngpet
it
ionedf
oradopt
ion

CHI
LDLEGALLYAVAI LABLEFORADOPTI ON
- achildwhohasbeenv ol
untaril
yorinvol
unt ari
lycommi tt
edtot heDSWDort oadul y
l
icensedandaccr edi
tedchild-pl
aci
ngorchi ld-car
ingagency ,fr
eedofthepar ental
authori
tyofhi s orherbiol ogi
calparents orguar di
ans oradopter,in case of
resci
ssion
- refer
stoachi ldinwhosefav oracerti
fi
cati
onwasi ssuedbyt heDSWDt hatheorshe
i
sl egal
lyav ai
l
ableforadoptionaf t
erthef actofabandonmentornegl ecthasbeen
proventhrought hesubmissionofper ti
nentdocument s,oronewhowasv oluntar
ily
commi ttedbyhisorherparent sorl
egalguar dian(RA9523)

VOLUNTARI
LY-
COMMI
TTEDCHI
LD
 - onewhosepar
ent
sorl
egalguar
dianknowingl
yandwill
ingf
ull
yrel
i
nquishedparent
al
aut
hor
it
ytotheDSWDoranydulyaccr
edit
edchil
d-pl
acementorchil
dcaringagency
ori
nst
it
uti
on

CHI
LD-
CARINGAGENCYORI NSTI TUTION
- refer
st oapri
vatenon-profi
torgovernmentagencydul
yaccredi
tedbytheDSWDt hat
providestwent
y-f
our(24)hourr esi
denti
alcar
eservi
cesforabandoned,negl
ect
ed,or
voluntar
il
ycommi t
tedchildr
en(RA9523)

CHI
LD-
PLACINGAGENCYORI NSTI
TUTION
- ref
erstoapr i
vatenon-pr
ofi
tinsti
tut
ionorgov er
nmentagencydul
yaccredi
tedbythe
DSWDt hatreceivesandprocessesapplicantst
obecomef ost
eroradopti
vepar
ents
andfaci
li
tat
epl acementofchil
dreneli
gibleforf
ost
ercar
eoradopti
on

WHOMAYADOPT:
1)anyFi l
i
pinociti
zenoflegalageatleastsixt een(
16)y ear
solderthantheadopteeunless
theadopt eristhebiol
ogicalparentoft headopt ee,oristhespouseoft headopt
ee’s
biologi
calparent
2)anyal i
enpossessingthesamequal ifi
cationsast hatofaFili
pinocit
izen,whohasbeen
l
ivinginthePhi l
i
ppinesforatleastthree( 3)consecuti
veyears,andwhosecount r
yhas
diplomati
cr el
ati
onswiththePhil
ippi
nes

WHOMAYADOPTED:
1)anyper sonbeloweight een(18)yearsofagejudiciall
ydeclaredav ail
ableforadopt
ion
2)thelegiti
matesonordaught erofonespousebyt heot herspouse
3)anill
egiti
mat esonordaught erbyaqual i
fi
edadopt ertoimpr ov
ehi sorherst at
ustothat
oflegit
imacy
4)a person ofl egalagei fpr i
ortot headopt i
on,sai d person hasbeen consi stent
ly
consideredandt r
eatedbyt headopt erashisorherownchi ldsincemi nori
ty
5)achildwhoseadopt i
onhasbeenpr eviousl
yresci
nded
6)achi l
dwhosebi ologicaloradopt iveparentshasdi ed,butpr oceedingsmayonl ybe
i
niti
atedaf t
ersix(6)mont hsf r
om thetimeofthedeat hoft hepar ents

SUPERVI
SEDTRIALCUSTODY
- aper
iodofti
mewithi
nwhichasocialwor
kerover
seestheadj
ustmentandemot
ional
r
eadi
nessofbot
hadopterandadopteei
nstabi
l
izi
ngthei
rfi
li
alr
elat
ionshi
p
- t
heperi
odisatl
eastsi
x(6)months

RESCISSI
ONOFADOPTI ON
- thenul
li
fi
cat
ionoft headopti
on
- adopti
onshallnotbesubjectt
oresci
ssi
onbyt
headopt
er

GROUNDSFORRESCI SSIONOFADOPTI ON
1)r epeat
edphy si
calandv erbalmalt
reat
mentbytheadopterdespi
tehav
ingunder
gone
counseli
ng
2)at temptontheli
feoftheadoptee
3)sexual assaul
torviol
ence
4)abandonmentandf ai
lur
etocomplywi t
hpar
ent
alobl
i
gati
ons

RA8043–I
NTER-
COUNTRYADOPTI
ONACTOF1995
 - appr
ovedon7June1995

I
NTER-
COUNTRYADOPTI ON
- thesoci
o-l
egalpr
ocessofadoptingaFil
ipi
nochil
dbyaf or
eigneroraFi l
i
pinocit
izen
permanentl
yresi
dingabroadwherethepeti
ti
onisfi
led,t
hesupervisedtri
alcustody
i
sundertakenandthedecreeofadopt
ionisi
ssuedoutsi
dethePhil
ippines

I
NTER-
COUNTRYADOPTI ONBOARD
- actsast hecentralauthori
tyinmat t
ersr
elati
ngtointer
-countr
yadopti
on
- shallactasthepol i
cy-makingbodyf orpurposesofcarryi
ngouttheprovi
sionsofRA
8043, i
nconsultati
onandcoor di
nati
onwiththeDSWD
- headedbyt heSecr etaryoftheDSWDasexof fi
ciochair
manandsi x(6)membersto
beappoi nt
edbyt hePr esi
dent,withaterm ofoff
iceofsix(6)year
s

WHOMAYADOPT:
1)anyalienoraFi li
pinocitizenper manentl
yresidi
ngabroad
2)atl
eastt wenty-seven(27)y earsofage
3)atleastsi xt
een( 16)y earsol derthantheadopt eeunlesstheadopteristhepar
entby
natureoft headopt eeort hespouseofsuchpar ent
4)comingf rom acount rywi thwhom t hePhil
ippi
neshasdi pl
omati
crel
ations
5)possessesal lt
hequal ifi
cat i
onsprov i
dedinotherappl
icabl
ePhil
ippi
nel aws

WHERETOFILEAPPLI CATION
- shal
l befi
l
edei t
herwit
h:
a)t hePhil
ippi
neRegionalTri
alCourt
;or
b)t heInt
er-Count
ryAdoptionBoard,t
hroughani
nter
medi
ateagencyi
nthecount
ry
oftheprospecti
veadoptiv
eparents

SUPERVI
SEDTRI ALCUSTODY
- shal
lbeatl
eastsi
x(6)mont
hs

I
MPORTANTPROVI
SIONSOFRA9523

RA9523–t helawgivingDSWDt hesol

eaut
hor
it
ytoissuet
hecer
ti
fi
cat
iondecl
ari
ngachi
ld
l
egall
yav
ailableforadoption
- amendedpr ovisionsofRA8552andRA8043
- approvedon12Mar ch2009

I
MPORTANTPROVI
SIONSOFRA7610

RA 7610– SPECI ALPROTECTION OFCHI LDREN AGAI

NSTCHILD ABUSE,EXPLOI
TATI
ON
ANDDI SCRIMINATIONACT
- approv
edon17June1992
- thi
slawisal
socommonlyr
efer
redtoastheAnt
i-
Chi
l
dAbuseAct

RA7658–amendator
ylawtoRA7610
- approv
edon9Nov ember1993
- thi
slawamendedtheprov
isi
onsofRA7610r
egar
dingwor
kingchi
l
dren
- thi
slawwasfur
theramendedbyRA9231
CHI
LDABUSE
- r
efer
stomal
tr
eat
ment
,whet
herhabi
tual
ornot
,oft
hechi
l
d

FORMSOFCHI LDABUSE
1)CRUELTY – r eferst oanywor dordeedwhi chdebases,degr adesordemeanst he
i
ntri
nsicwor thanddi gnityoft hechil
dashumanbei ng
2)PHYSI CALI NJURY–i ncludesbuti snotl imi t
edt ol acerati
ons,f racturedbones,bur ns,
i
nternal injur
ies,sev ereinjuri
es,orseriousbodi lyharm suf feredbyachi ld
3)PSYCHOLOGI CAL I NJURY – means har m t o a chi l
d’psy chologicalori ntel
lectual
functi
oni ngwhi chmaybeexhi bit
edbysev ereanxiety, depression,wi t
hdr awaloroutward
aggressi vebehav ior
4)NEGLECT–meansf ail
uret oprovide,forreasonsot herthanpov erty,thebasicneedsof
thechild, suchasf ood, cl
othing,medical care,shelt
erandbasi ceducat ion
5)SEXUALABUSE–i ncludest heempl oy ment ,use,inducementorcoer cionofachi ldto
engagei nsexuali nt er
cour seorlasciviousconduct ;t hemol estat
ion,pr osti
tut
ionandor
i
ncestwi thchildren

CHI
LDPROSTITUTI ON
- exploi
tati
onofchil
dren,whet
hermaleorfemal
e,bycoerci
ngthem i
ntoindulgingin
sexualinter
cour
seorlasci
vi
ousconductf
ormoney,
prof
itoranyot
herconsiderati
on

WHOARECRI MINALLYLI ABLEFORCHI LDPROSTI TUTI ON:

1)thosewhoengagei norpr omote,faci
li
tat
eori nducechi
ldprostit
uti
on,suchas:
a)t hoseactingaspr ocurerofachildprosti
tute
b)par ents,guardi
ans,orr el
ati
veswhoknowi nglyal
loworcoer cethei
rchil
drenorwar
d
int
opr osti
tuti
on
2)thosewhocommi ttheactofsexuali ntercourseorlasciv
iousconductwi t
hachil
d
exploi
tedinchildprosti
tuti
on,suchas:
a)cl i
entsofchildprostit
utes
3)thosewhoder i
veprofi
toradv antagetherefr
om, suchas:
a)manager sorowner soft heestabl
ishmentwher etheprosti
tuti
ontakesplace

OBSCENEPUBLICATIONSANDI NDECENTSHOWS
- theuse,hi
ri
ng,employmentandcoer ci
ngofchi
ldr
enasperf
ormer
s, act
orsormodel
s
forobsceneexhibi
ti
onsandi ndecentshows,whetherl
i
veorinvideo,orinpr
int
ed
pornogr
aphicmateri
als

CHI
LDRENASZONESOFPEACE
- chil
drenshallnotbet heobj ectofatt
ackinsi
tuati
onsofarmedconfl
ict
- theyshal lbepr otect edf rom anyf or
m oft hr
eat,assaul
t,t
ort
ureorot hercr
uel
,
i
nhumaneordegr adingt r
eat ment
- chil
drenshallnotber ecruit
edt obecomemember soft heArmedFor cesofthe
Phili
ppi
nesofi tsciv i
li
anuni t
s,norbeall
owedt otakeparti
nthefi
ghti
ng,orusedas
guides,couri
ersorspi es
- chil
drenshallbegi venpr iori
tyduri
ngevacuat
ionasar esul
tofar
medconf l
ict

I
MPORTANTPROVI
SIONSOFRA9208

RA9208–ANTI-
TRAFFI
CKI
NGINPERSONSACTOF2003
- appr
ovedon26May2003
TRAFFI
CKI
NGI NPERSONS
- therecrui
tment,transportati
on,t r
ansferorhar boring,orrecei
ptofper sonswi t
hor
withoutthev i
ctim’sconsentorknowl edgewi t
hinoracr ossnationalbordersby
meansoft hreatoruseoff orce,orot herf ormsofcoer cion,abducti
on,f r
aud,
decepti
on,abuseofpowerorpr ostit
uti
on,takingadv antageofthevulner
abili
tyofthe
person,orgivi
ngorr ecei
v i
ngofpay mentsorbenef it
st oachievetheconsentofa
personhav i
ngcont r
olov eranot herpersonf orthepur poseofexpl oi
tat
ionwhi ch
incl
udesatami nimum,t heexpl oit
ati
onort hepr ostit
utionofothersorotherforms
ofsexualexploit
ation,forcedlabororser vices,slavery,ser
vit
udeort heremov alor
saleoforgans

- ther ecr
uitment,transpor
tat
ion,tr
ansf
er,harbor
ing orreceiptofa chi l
df ort
he
purposeofexpl oi
tati
onshallalsobeconsider
edas“ t
raf
fi
ckingi nperson”ev
enifit
doesnoti nvol
veanyoft hemeanssetfort
hi nt
heprecedi
ngpar agraph
QUALI
FIEDTRAFFI CKINGI NPERSON

1)Whent het r
affi
ckedper soni sachil
d;
2)Whent headopt i
onisef fect
edt hr
oughRA8043andsai dadoptionisforthepurposeof
prosti
tution,por nography,sexualexploi
tat
ion,forcedlabor,sl
avery
,invol
untar
yservit
ude
ordebtbondage;
3)Whent heof fenderisanascendant ,par
ent,sibli
ng,guardianoraper sonwhoexer ci
sed
authori
t yovert hetraffi
ckedpersonorwhent heof fenseiscommi tt
edbyapubl i
cof f
icer
orempl oy ee

FORCEDLABORANDSLAVERY
- referstotheextracti
onofworkorser
vicesfrom anypersonbymeansofenticement
,
violence,int
imidati
onorthreat
,useoff orceorcoer ci
on,incl
udi
ngdepriv
at i
onof
freedom, abuseofauthor
it
yormoralascendancy,debt-
bondageordecept
ion

SEXTOURI
SM
- ref
erstoapr ogram organi
zedbyt r
avelandt ouri
sm r
elat
edest abl
ishment
sand
i
ndivi
dual
swhi chconsistoftour
ism packagesoractiv
iti
es,ut
il
izingandoffer
ing
escor
tandsexualser
vicesasenti
cementfortouri
sts

PORNOGRAPHY
- refer
st o any representati
on,t hrough publ
icat
ion,exhibit
ion,cinematography,
indecentshows,informati
ont echnology,orbywhatevermeans, ofapersonengaged
inrealorsimulat
edexpl i
citsexualactivi
ti
esoranyrepresent
ati
onoft hesexualpart
s
ofaper sonforpri
mar i
lysexual purposes

DEBTBONDAGE
- refer
stopledgi
ngbyt hedebtorofhi
sorherpersonalser
v i
cesorl
abororthoseofa
personunderhisorhercontrolassecuri
tyorpaymentf oradebt,whenthelengt
h
andnat ur
eofservicesar
enotcl ear
lydefi
nedorwhent hev al
ueoftheservi
cesas
reasonabl
yassessedisnotappli
edtowardthel
i
quidati
onofdebt

I
MPORTANTPROVI
SIONSOFRA9231

RA9231 - thelawpr
ohi
bit
ingt
heworstf
ormsofchi
ldl
abor
- amendat
orylawtoRA7160andRA7658
 - amendedthepr
ovi
sionsofRA7160r
egar
dingwor
kingchi
l
dren
- appr
ovedon19December2003

Chi
l
drenbel
owf
if
teen(
15)y
ear
sofageshal
lnotbeempl
oyed,
except
:

1)Whenachi ldworksdi r
ect l
yundersoler esponsibi
li
tyofhispar ent sorlegalguardi
anand
whereonlymember soft heempl oyer
’sfami l
yareempl oyed
2)Whereachi l
d’sempl oy mentorpar ti
cipati
oni npubl i
cent ertainmentori nfor
mati
on
t
hrough cinema,t heatre,radio ort el
ev i
sion is essenti
al,wi t
ht he approvalofthe
Depart
mentofLaborandEmpl oyment(DOLE)
- i
tisthedutyoft heempl oyertosubmi ttotheDOLEar epor tofal lchi
ldr
enempl oy
ed
byhim
- i
fadomest icisundersi xteen(16)y earsofage, theheadoft hef amil
yshallgi
vehim
orheranoppor t
unitytocompl et
eatl eastelement ar
yeducat ion,thecostofwhich
shal
lbeapar tofthedomest ic’
scompensat i
on

WORKPERMITOFWORKINGCHI LDREN
- i
tshallbet
hedutyoft heempl
oyert
osecur
eper
mitf
rom t
heDOLEofwor
king
chi
l
drenempl
oyedbyhim

EMPLOYMENTCONTRACTOFWORKI NGCHI LDREN

- thecont
ractshal
lbesi
gnedbytheworki
ngchi
l
d’spar
entorl
egalguar
dian,wi
tht
he
expr
essagreementoft
hechi
ld

WORKI
NGHOURS

I
fthechi
ldisunder15:
- maywor kformaxi
mum offour(
4)hour
saday,t
wenty(20)hoursaweek
- maywor kbetweensi
xo’
clockinthemorni
ngt
oeighto’cl
ockintheev
eni
ng(
6am t
o
8pm)

I
fthechi
ldis15butunder18:
- mayworkformaximum ofei
ght(8)hour
saday,f
ort
y(40)hour
saweek
- mayworkbetweensixo’cl
ockinthemor ni
ngt
oteno’cl
ockintheev
eni
ng(
6am t
o
10pm)

PROHIBI
TIONONTHEEMPLOYMENTOFCHI LDRENI
NCERTAINADVERTISEMENTS
- nochi ldshallbeempl oyedasamodelinanyadv
ert
isementdi
rect
lyori
ndi
rect
ly
pr
omot i
ngthefoll
owi ng:
a)al coholi
cbeverages
b)int oxi
cati
ngdrinks
c) tobaccoandci garettes
d)gambl i
ng
e) anyf or
m ofviolenceorpornogr
aphy

I
MPORTANTPROVI
SIONSOFRA9262

RA9262–ANTI-
VIOLENCEAGAI
NSTWOMENANDTHEI
RCHI
LDRENACTOF2004
- appr
ovedon8March2004
VI
OLENCEAGAI NSTWOMENANDTHEI RCHILDREN
- refer
st oanyactoraser i
esofact scommittedbyanyper sonagai nstawomanwho
i
shi swi fe,formerwi fe,oragai nstawomanwi t
hwhom t heper sonhasorhada
sexualordat i
ngr elati
ons, orwithwhom hehasacommonchi l
d,oragainstherchil
d,
whetherlegitimateori l
legitimate,wi
thi
norwi t
houtthefamilyabode,whi chresul
tin
orislikel
yt oresultinphy sical,
sexual,
psychologicalhar
m orsuffering,
oreconomi c
abusei ncluding threatsofsuch act s,battery,assaul
t,coerci
on,har assmentor
arbit
rarydeprivat
ionofl i
ber ty

PHYSI
CALVI
OLENCE
- r
efer
stoact
sthati
ncl
udebodi
l
yorphy
sical
har
m

SEXUALVI
OLENCE
- ref
erst
oanactwhi
chi
ssexual
innat
ure,
commi
tt
edagai
nstawomanorherchi
l
d

PSYCHOLOGI CALVIOLENCE
- referst
oactsoromi ssi
onscausingorlikel
ytocausementaloremoti
onalsuf
fer
ing
oft hev
ict
im suchasbutnotlimitedtointi
midati
on,
har
assment,st
alki
ng,damageto
propert
y,publ
icri
diculeorhumil
iati
on,andrepeat
edver
balabuse

ECONOMI
CABUSE
- ref
erst
oact
sthatmakeorat
temptt
omakeawomanf
inanci
all
ydependent

BATTERY
- r
efer
stoanactofi
nfl
i
ctingphysi
calharm uponthewomanorherchi
l
dresul
ti
ngt
o
t
hephysi
cal
andpsy
chological
oremotionaldi
str
ess

STALKI
NG
- refer
st oani
ntenti
onalactcommit
tedbyaper
sonwhoknowi
ngl
yandwit
houtl
awful
justi
fi
cati
onfol
lowsthewomanorherchildorpl
acest
hewomanorherchi
ldunder
surveil
l
ancedir
ectl
yorindir
ect
ly

PHI
LIPPI
NEJUVENI
LEJUSTI
CESYSTEM

RA9344–theJUVENI LEJUSTI CEANDWELFAREACTOF2006

- approvedon28Apr il2006
- becameef fecti
v eon20May2006
- repeal
edt hepr ovi
sionsoftheRev
isedPenalCodeandPr
esi
dent
ialDecr
eeNo603
onmi noroffenders

I
MPORTANTTERMSI
NTRODUCEDBYRA9344

JUVENI
LEJUSTI CEANDWELFARESYSTEM
- referstoasy stem deali
ngwithchildr
enatr i
skandchi l
dreninconfl
i
ctwit
hthelaw,
whi chpr ovi
deschild-appropr
iateproceedi
ngs,incl
udingprogramsandservi
cesfor
prev ent
ion,di v
ersi
on,r ehabi
lit
ati
on,re-i
ntegr
ation and af
tercar
eto ensur
et hei
r
normal gr owt
handdev el
opment

RESTORATI
VEJUSTI
CE
- r
efer
sto a pr
inci
ple whi
ch r
equi
res a pr
ocess ofr
esol
vi
ng conf
li
cts wi
tht
he
 maxi mum involv
ementoft hevi
cti
m,t heof fenderandthecommuni t
y;seeksto
obtainrepar
ationforthevict
im,r
econcil
iat
ionoft heoff
ender
,theof
fendedandthe
communi tyandr eassur
ancetotheoffenderthatheorshecanber ei
ntegr
atedi
nto
society

CHI
LDATRISK
- refer
stoachil
dwhoisv ul
ner
abl
et oandattheriskofcommi
tt
ingcr
imi
nalof
fenses
becauseofper
sonal
,famil
yandsocial
cir
cumstances

CHI
LDI
NCONFLICTWI THTHELAW
- ref
erst
oachi l
dwhoisal
legedas,
accusedof
,oradj
udgedas,
hav
ingcommi
tt
edan
off
enseunderPhi
l
ippi
nel
aws

I
NITIALCONTACTWI THTHECHI LD
- r
efer
stotheappr
ehensionort
akingi
ntocust
odyofachi
l
dinconf
li
ctwi
tht
hel
awby
l
awenfor
cementoff
icersorpr
ivat
eci
ti
zens

I
NTERVENTION
- referstoaser i
esofact i
vi
tieswhicharedesignedtoaddressi
ssuesthatcausedthe
childtocommi tanoffense
- mayt ake the f
orm ofan i ndi
vi
duali
zed tr
eatmentprogram which mayi ncl
ude
counseling,ski
ll
str
aining,educati
on,andotheracti
vi
ti
esthatwil
lenhancehisorher
psy chol
ogical
,emoti
onal andpsycho-soci
alwell
-bei
ng

DI
VERSI
ON
- ref
erstoanal t
ernat
ive,chi
l
d-appropri
atepr
ocessofdetermi
ningtheresponsibi
l
ity
andtreat
mentofachi l
dinconf l
ictwit
hthelaw onthebasi
sofhi sorhersoci al
,
cul
tur
al,economic,psychol
ogicaloreducati oundwi
onalbackgr thoutresort
ingt o
for
malcourtproceedi
ngs

DI
VERSI
ONPROGRAM
- referst
otheprogr
am thatthechil
di nconf
li
ctwit
hthelaw i
srequi
redtounder
go
afterheorshei
sfoundresponsi
bleforanofensewi
f t
houtr
esort
ingtofor
malcourt
proceedi
ngs

YOUTHDETENTIONHOME
- ref
erst oa24- hourchild-car
ingi
nsti
tuti
onmanagedbyaccr edit
edlocalgovernment
uni
ts and licensed and/ oraccredi
ted non-government
alorgani
zati
ons provi
ding
short-
termr esident
ialcar eforchil
dreninconf l
ictwit
hthelaw whoar eawai t
ing
courtdisposit
ionoft heircasesortr
ansfertootheragenci
esorjur
isdi
cti
on

YOUTHREHABILITATIONCENTER
- ref
erstoa24- hourresi
dent
ialcarefaci
li
tymanagedbyt heDSWD,l ocalgovernment
uni
ts,licensed oraccredi
ted non-gov
ernmentalorganizat
ions monit
ored byt he
DSWD,whi chprovi
descare,treatmentandr ehabi
li
tat
ionser vi
cesforchildrenin
confl
ictwiththelaw

RI
GHTSOFTHECHI
LDI
NCONFLI
CTWI
THTHELAW

1)t
her
ightnott
obei
mposedasent
enceofcapi
tal
puni
shmentorl
i
fei
mpr
isonment
 2)t her i
ghttobedet ainedori mpri
sonedasadi sposi ti
onofl astresor
t,whichshallbef or
theshor t
estappropriateper i
odoft i
me
3)t herighttobesepar atedf r
om adul toff
ender satal lti
mes:dur ingdetent
ion,whil
ebeing
transport
edtoandf rom thecourtandwhi lewai ti
ngf orthehearing
4)t her i
ghtt obedet ainedonl ywit hot herdet aineesoft hesamesex,i fdetent i
oni s
necessary
5)t herighttobesear chedonl ybyal awenf orcementof ficerofthesamegender
6)t herightnottobehandcuf fed,whensuchi snotnecessar y
7)t herighttohavehispar entsorguar dianspr esent
8)t herighttodiv
ersioni fheorshei squal if
iedandv oluntari
lyavai
lsofthesame
9)t herighttoAUTOMATI CSUSPENSI ONOFSENTENCE
10)ther i
ghttoprobationasanal ter
nat i
vet oimpr i
sonment ,ifqual
ifi
edundert heProbati
on
Law
11)ther i
ghttohavet her ecordsandpr oceedingsi nvolvinghim beconsideredPRI VILEGED
ANDCONFI DENTI AL

MI
NIMUM AGEOFCRI MI NALRESPONSI BILI
TY
- achil
dFIFTEEN( 15)YEARSOFAGEORUNDERatt heti
meoft hecommi ssionoft
he
off
ense shallbe EXEMPT f rom CRIMI NAL LIABILITY,buthe shal lundergo
INTERVENTIONPROGRAM
- achil
dABOVEFI FTEEN(15)YEARSOFAGEBUTBELOW EI GHTEEN( 18)YEARSOF
AGE shallli
kewisebeEXEMPT f rom CRI MINALLI ABILI
TY,i fheorsheact ed
WITHOUTDI SCERNMENT, butheshal
lundergoINTERVENTI ONPROGRAM
- however,
theyareexempt edonlyf
rom cr
iminall
iabil
it
yandnotf rom civi
ll
iabil
i
ty
- achil
dABOVEFI FTEEN(15)YEARSOFAGEBUTBELOW EI GHTEEN( 18)YEARSOF
AGEwhoact edWI THDISCERNMENTshal l besubject
edt otheDIVERSI ON
PROCEEDINGSandshal lundergoDIVERSIONPROGRAM, i
fquali
fied
- achil
dABOVEFI FTEEN(15)YEARSOFAGEBUTBELOW EI GHTEEN( 18)YEARSOF
AGEwhoact edWI THDISCERNMENTandwhoi sNOTQUALI FI
EDf orDIVERSION,OR
REFUSEDt oundergoDIVERSION,shal
lbePROSECUTED

TREATMENTOFCHI LDBELOW THEAGEOFCRI MINALRESPONSI BILI

TY
- itshallbet hedutyofthelawenf orcementoffi
certodet ermi
netheageofthechild
apprehended
- ifthe chi l
d apprehended is FIFTEEN ( 15)YEARS OLD OR BELOW,t he law
enforcementof fi
cerMUSTRELEASETHECHI LDTOTHECUSTODYOFHI SORHER
PARENTSORGUARDI ANS, ORTHECHI LD’SNEARESTRELATI VE
- itshallal
sobet hedutyoft helaw enf or
cementofficertogivenoti
cetothelocal
socialwelfareanddevelopmentof f
icerastotheapprehensionofthechi
l
dinconfl
ict
withthelaw

COMPREHENSIVEJUVENI LEI
NTERVENTIONPROGRAM
- shallbeinst
it
utedinl
ocalgovernmentuni
tsfrom t
hebarangaytothepr
ovi
nci
al
lev
els
- shalli
ncl
udecommunity
-basedpr
ogramsonjuv
enil
ejust
iceandwel
far
e

COMMUNI
TY-BASEDPROGRAMSONJUVENI LEJUSTI CEANDWELFARE
- shallbe inst
itut
ed by t
he localgov ernmentunit
sthrough t
he school
,y out
h
organi
zati
ons,andot
herconcernedagencies
- shallr
espondtothespeci
alneeds,problems,i
nter
est
sandconcer
nsofchil
drenand
 whi
choff
erappr
opri
atecounseli
ngandgui
dancet
othem andt
hei
rfami
li
es
- t
hesepr
ogramsshal
lconsistoft
hree(
3)l
evel
s:

1)PRI
MARYI NTERVENTION
- incl
udesgeneralmeasurestopromotesoci
alj
ust
iceandequaloppor
tuni
ty,whi
ch
tackl
epercei
vedrootcausesofof
fendi
ng

2)SECONDARYINTERVENTION
- i
ncl
udesmeasur
estoassi
stchi
l
drenatr
isk

3)TERTIARYINTERVENTION
- i
ncludesmeasur
estoav oi
dunnecessar
ycont
actwi
tht
hef
ormalj
ust
icesy
stem and
ot
hermeasurestoprev
entre-
off
ending

SYSTEM OFDIVERSI
ON
- chi
ldr
eninconfl
i
ctwitht
hel
aw shal
lunder
godi
ver
sionpr
oceedi
ngssubj
ectt
othe
fol
l
owingcondi
ti
ons:

1)t
heimposabl
epenaltyfort
hecrimecommi tt
edisNOTMORETHANSI X(6)YEARS
I
MPRISONMENT
2)i
nvict
iml
esscrimes,t
heimposablepenalt
yisNOTMORETHANSI X( 6)YEARS
I
MPRISONMENT
3)i
ncaseswheretheimposablepenal
tyexceedssi
x(6)y
ear
s,di
ver
sionmeasuresmaybe
r
esort
edtoonlybythecourt

- t
hedi
ver
sionpr
oceedi
ngsshal
lbecompl
etedwi
thi
nFORTY-
FIVE(
45)DAYS

CONTRACTOFDIVERSI ON
- shal
lbeprepar edift
hechil
d:
1)isqualif
iedf ordi
ver
sion;and
2)v ol
untar
ilyadmi t
sthecommi ssionoftheactandtheparentsorguardi
anoft he
chi
ldandt hechil
dhimselfagreestothedi
versi
onprogr
am
- itmustbesignedbyt hechil
d’spar
entsorguar
dianandtheauthori
ti
esconcerned

PROSECUTION
- achil
dinconfl
ictwiththelawshal lunder
goPROSECUTIONif
:
1)hei snotquali
fi
edfordi versi
on
2)hei squali
fi
edf ordiversionbutheorhisparent
sorguardi
andoesnotagr
eeto
di
versi
on
3)diversi
onisnotappr opr i
atefort hechi
l
dinconfli
ctwi
ththel
aw,basedonthe
soci
alworker’
srecommendat ions

CONDUCTOFPRELI MINARYI NVESTIGATION

- there shallbe a speci al
ly-
tr
ained prosecutort o conductinquest,preli
minar
y
i
nv est
igati
onandpr osecuti
onofcasesi nvol
vingchil
dreninconfl
i
ctwiththelaw
- theinf
or mati
onagai nstt
hechildshal
lbef il
edbeforetheFamilyCourtwit
hinFORTY-
FIVEDAYSf rom t
hest ar
toftheprel
iminaryinvest
igat
ion

COURTPROCEEDI
NGS
- dur
ingt
ri
al,
thecour
tshal
lor
der
:
 1)t hereleaseofthechil
donr ecognizancetohisorherpar
ent
sandot
hersui
tabl
e
persons
2)t herel
easeoft hechi
ldonbail
3)ifthechi l
distobedetained,
thetransferoft
hechildt
oayout
hdet
ent
ionhome
- det
entionoft hechil
dshal
lbeorderedonlyasal astr
esor
t

AUTOMATI
CSUSPENSI ONOFSENTENCE
- i
fthechi l
dinconf l
i
ctwi t
ht helaw isfoundguilt
yoft heoffensecharged,thecourt
shal
lplacethechil
dundersuspendedsent ence,
withoutneedofapplicat
ion
- theautomaticsuspensionofsent encemaybeext endedunt i
lthechil
dr eachesthe
maximum ageofTWENTY- ONE( 21)YEARSOLD
- thecourtshallor
derthedet ent
ionofthechi l
dinay outhrehabil
it
ati
oncent erwhere
heshallundergotheappropr i
atedisposit
ionmeasur es

DI
SCHARGEOFTHECHI LDI
NCONFLI CTWITHTHELAW
- upont herecommendationofthesocialwor
kerwhohascust
odyoft
hechi
ld,t
he
courtshallDISMI
SSTHECASEAGAI NSTTHECHI LD i
fthecour
tfi
ndst
hatthe
disposit
ionmeasureshavebeenful
fi
ll
ed

RETURNOFTHECHI LDINCONFLI CTWI THTHELAW TOCOURT

- i
ft hecourtf
indsthattheobject
iveofthedisposit
ionmeasuresimposeduponthe
chil
dhav enotbeenf ul
fi
ll
ed,orifthechil
dhaswi ll
ful
lyf
ail
edtocompl ywit
hthe
conditi
onsofhisorherr ehabi
li
tat
ionprogr
am,t hechildshal
lberet
urnedtocour
t
fortheEXECUTIONOFJUDGMENT

PROBATI
ON
- achi l
dinconfl
ictwi
ththelaw whosesent
encewasexecutedbythecour
tupon
reachi
ngthemaximum ageofTWENTY-ONE(21)shal
lbeent
itl
edt
othebenef
it
sof
probati
onunderPD968,thePr
obati
onLawof1976

OFFENSESNOTAPPLI CABLETOCHI LDREN

- personsbel ow ei
ghteen(18)year
sol dshal
lbeexemptfrom pr
osecut
ionf
ort
he
fol
l
owi ngcrimes:
1)v agrancyandpr ost
it
uti
onundertheRevi
sedPenal
Code
2)mendi cancyunderPDNo1563
3)sni ff
ingofrugbyunderPD1619

I
MPORTANTPROVI
SIONSOFRA9775

REPUBLICACT9775–t heANTI -CHILDPORNOGRAPHYACTOF2009

- approvedon
- thelawthatamendedt hepr ovi
sionsofRA7610onobscenepubl icat
ionsandindecent
shows
- itai
mst oprotecteverychildfrom all
for
msofexpl oi
tat
ionandabuset hr
oughtheuseof
achildinpornographi
cper formancesandmat eri
alsandtheinducementorcoerci
onofa
chil
dtoengageort obei nvolvedin pornogr
aphy

CHI
LDPORNOGRAPHY
- refer
stoanyrepresent
ati
on,whet
hervi
sual
,audi
oorwrit
tencombi
nati
onther
eof
,by
elect
roni
c,mechanical
,di
git
al,
opt
ical
,magnet
icoranyot
hermeans,ofchi
l
dengagedor
 i
nvol
vedi
nreal
orsi
mul
atedexpl
i
citsexualact
ivi
ti
es

SYNDI
CATEDCHI LDPORNOGRAPHY
- committ
edifcar
ri
edoutbyagr
oupoft
hree(
3)ormor
eper
sonsconspi
ri
ngor
conf
ederat
ingwi
thoneanot
her