Technology &

Livelihood
Education
Quarter 2 – Module 2:
Prepare Installer
Application and devices/drivers
installation procedures
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of TLE/TVL. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into 2 lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1: Bootable Devices
 Lesson 2: Creating a portable bootable devices
 What I Know
TRUE OR FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE
if it is not. Write the answers on your notebook/journal.
_____ 1. A driver/installer driver is a software program that enables a specific
hardware device to work with a computers operating system.
_____ 2. A plug and play devices are devices that will work without requiring
driver installation.
_____ 3. We don’t need driver during installation/formatting process.
_____ 4. All device are not working without installer driver.
_____ 5. Driver is the link of the computer’s devices attached to it.
_____ 6. Your are trying to reformat a laptop, the first thing you need to do is
obtain its hardware specification.
_____ 7. The Kernel-mode device driver includes some generic hardwares which
loads with operating system as part of the OS.
_____ 8. If the systems drivers are not installed, manufacturers default software
are not possible to use.
_____ 9. A device is enabled without a driver.
_____ 10. Before installation/reformatting, we should check first all device drivers
needed in installation process.
Lesson
Driver/Device Drivers
1
Definition of Terms
 BIOS – Basic Input/Output System, chip that controls the most basic
functions of the computer and performs a self-test every time you turn it on.
 Operating System (OS) -software that controls the allocation and use of
programs and data that a computer uses.
 USB – Universal Serial Bus, a hardware interface for low-speed peripherals
such as the keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanner, printer and telephony
devices.
 Boot – is to load the first piece of software that starts a computer.
 Storage media – a device for recording (storing) information (data).
 Bootable media/ bootable devices – is physical media (CD, DVD, USB
flash drive or other removable media supported by a machine BIOS as a boot
device) that boots on any PC compatible machine.
 Boot loader – a computer program which is responsible for managing and
starting an operating system software
 POST – power-on-self-test
 Driver/device driver - refers to a special kind of software program or a
specific type of software application which controls a specific hardware
device that enables different hardware devices for communication with the
computer’s Operating System
 Plug and play – devices will work without requiring driver installation

 What’s In
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the correct answer from the given
choices below. Write the LETTERS only of your answer.
_____ 1. It is a device for recording (storing) information (data).
a. Storage media c. operating system
b. Boot d. Application
_____ 2. It is also called as a “hard boot”.
a. Cold boot c. storage media
b. Warm boot d. flash drive
_____ 3. It is called “soft boot”
a. Cold boot c. storage media
b. Warm boot d. flash drive
_____ 4. Bootable media is often used to.
a. Recover an operating system that cannot start
b. Back up sector-by-sector a disk with an unsupported file system
c. Both A and B
d. Install antivirus
_____ 5. It pertains to any physical media (CD, DVD, USB flash drive or other
removable media supported by a machine BIOS as a boot device) that boots on any
PC-compatible.
a. Bootable devices c. operating system
b. Both A and B d. application software
_____ 6. It means to start up a computer that is turned off. It is typically
performed by pressing the power button on the computer.
a. Cold boot c. warm boot
b. Bootstraps d. bootable disc
_____ 7. Means to restart a computer. It is typically initiated from the operating
system, rather than pressing a button on the computer itself.
a. Bootstrap c. bootable disc
b. Cold boot d. warm boot
_____ 8. It is to load the first piece of software that starts a computer.
a. Application software c. boot
b. Bootstraps d. flashdrive
_____ 9. It refers to self-starting process of the computer which doesn’t need any
external input command to perform itself.
a. Application software c. boot
b. Bootstrapping d. flash drive
_____ 10. A computer program that is responsible for managing and starting an
operating system software of the computer after when the power-on-self-test gets
completed.
a. POST c. CMOS RAM
b. BIOS chip d. Boot Loader

Notes to the Teacher

Let the students analyze the form above and upon
What’s New
Describe the picture below.
 What’s Is It ?

A device is disabled without a driver.

Compare to real life scenario a device will not perform its specific task
without a device driver or a software that acts as an activator to
activate certain device in order to perform its full functionality

A driver or device driver is a software program that enables

a hardware device to work with a computer's operating
system.

Device Driver in computing refers to a special kind of software program or a

specific type of software application which controls a specific hardware
device that enables different hardware devices for communication with the
computer’s Operating System

A device driver communicates with the computer hardwares by computer

subsystem or computer bus connected to the hardware.

Device Drivers are very essential for a computer system to work properly

because without device driver the particular hardware fails to work
accordingly means it fails in doing a particular function/action for which it
has been created.
In a very common way most term it as only a Driver also when someone
says Hardware Driver that also refers to this Device Driver.

In computing, a device driver (commonly referred to as a driver) is a

computer program that operates or controls a particular type of device that
is attached to a computer. A driver provides a software interface to hardware
devices, enabling operating systems and other computer programs to access
hardware functions without needing to know precise details of the hardware
being used.

A driver typically communicates with the device through the computer bus
or communications subsystem to which the hardware connects. When a
calling program invokes a routine in the driver, the driver issues commands
to the device. Once the device sends data back to the driver, the driver may
invoke routines in the original calling program. Drivers are hardware-
dependent and operating-system-specific. They usually provide the interrupt
handling required for any necessary asynchronous time-dependent
hardware interface.

Purpose

Device drivers simplify programming by acting as translator between a

hardware device and the applications or operating systems that use
it. Programmers can write the higher-level application code independently of
whatever specific hardware the end-user is using.

For example, a high-level application for interacting with a serial port may
simply have two functions for “send data” and “receive data”. At a lower
level, a device driver implementing these functions would communicate to
the particular serial port controller installed on a user’s computer. The
commands needed to control a 16550 UART are much different from the
commands needed to control an FTDI serial port converter, but each
hardware-specific device driver abstracts these details into the same (or
similar) software interface.

Working of Device Driver

Device Drivers depend upon the Operating System’s instruction to access

the device and performing any particular action. After the action they also
shows their reactions by delivering output or status/message from hardware
device to the Operating system. For Example a printer driver tells the printer
in which format to print after getting instruction from OS, similarly A sound
card driver is there due to which 1’s and 0’s data of MP3 file is converted to
audio signals and you enjoy the music. Card reader, controller, modem,
network card, sound card, printer, video card, USB devices, RAM, Speakers
etc need Device Drivers to operate.

Drivers may be required for internal components, such as

video cards and optical media drives, as well as external
peripherals, such as printers and monitors.

But most modern hardware is "plug and play," meaning the devices
will work without requiring driver installation. However, even if a
hardware device is recognized by the operating system, installing the
correct drivers may provide additional options and functionality for
the device.

Driver is the linker of a certain hardware to computer. A

hardware without driver is like a airplane without a pilot. It
is still a machine but it does not act like a machine itself.

Applications
Because of the diversity of modern hardware and operating systems, drivers
operate in many different environments. Drivers may interface with:

 printers
 video adapters
 Network cards
 Sound cards
 Local buses of various sorts—in particular, for bus mastering on
modern systems
 Low-bandwidth I/O buses of various sorts (for pointing devices such as
mice, keyboards, USB, etc.)
 Computer storage devices such as hard disk, CD-ROM, and floppy disk
buses (ATA, SATA, SCSI)
 Implementing support for different file systems
 Image scanners
 Digital cameras

Common levels of abstraction for device drivers include:

 For hardware:
o Interfacing directly
o Writing to or reading from a device control register
o Using some higher-level interface (e.g. Video BIOS)
o Using another lower-level device driver (e.g. file system drivers
using disk drivers)
o Simulating work with hardware, while doing something entirely
different[citation needed]
 For software:
o Allowing the operating system direct access to hardware resources
o Implementing only primitives
o Implementing an interface for non-driver software (e.g., TWAIN)
o Implementing a language, sometimes quite high-level
(e.g., PostScript)

So choosing and installing the correct device drivers for given hardware is
often a key component of computer system configuration.

Types of Device Driver:

For almost every device associated with the computer system there exist
Device Driver for the particular hardware.But it can be broadly classified
into two types i.e.,
1. Kernel-mode Device Driver –
This Kernel-mode device driver includes some generic hardwares which
loads with operating System as part the OS these are BIOS,
motherboard, processor and some other hardwares which are part of
kernel software. These includes the minimum system requirement device
drivers for each operating system.
2. User-mode Device Driver –
Other than the devices which are brought by kernel for working of the
system the user also bring some devices for use during the using of a
system that devices needs device drivers to functions those drivers falls
under User mode device driver. For example user needs any plug and
play action that comes under this.

Before installation/reformatting, we should check first all device drivers

needed in installation process. Failure to do so may lead to different errors
that may cause the computer and its connected devices to work improperly.
The following errors may occur if device drivers are not properly installed.

1. If system drivers are not installed

 No sounds input and output (mic and speaker are not working
properly)
 Not able to connect to the network.
 Poor video display
 Manufacturers default software are not possible to use.
 Not able to print, if printers driver is not installed
 And some IO ports are not usable (e.g., sd card reader)
2. If add – on device drivers are not installed, including input and output
devices.
a. Devices are not possible to work properly according to its
specificity. E.g., scanner is not able to scan without the
presence of its required driver.

Preparing driver for installation

Procedures in preparing driver for installation

1. Check the installation driver disc attached in a newly purchased

computer.
2. If don’t have driver disc, try to identify the specificity of a computer,
including its brand name and code then search over the internet the
equivalent needed drivers.
3. If internet connection is not available, make it sure that you prepared
the all in one (AIO) DriverPack Solution app for you to install the
required drivers for installation.
 What’s More

Activity 2.1.1
MODIFIED TRUE OR FALES: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and
FALSE if not. If false, underline the word/phrase that makes the statement
incorrect, and write the correct word to make it correct.
_____ 1. Kernel mode device driver are drivers needs by other devices used
by the user for it to function properly.
_____ 2. If add – on drivers are not installed, including input or output
devices, there is a possibility that it will not work properly.
_____ 3. Due to diversity of modern hardware and OS, driver may interface
with low-bandwidth I/O buses of various sorts.
_____ 4. While installation/reformatting, check first all device drivers need
in installation process.
_____ 5. Plug and play are devices that will improperly work if the
driver/device driver are uninstalled.
_____ 6. A device driver (commonly referred to as a driver) is a computer
program that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached
to a computer.
_____ 7. A driver or device driver is an application system
that enables a hardware device to work with a computer's
operating system.
 What I Have Learn
Enumerate and discuss what is being asked.
A. Types of driver/device driver
B. Procedures in preparing driver for installation
C. Drivers that may interface with different modern hardware
devices (enumerate at least 5 hardware devices)
D. Common level of abstractions for device drivers for D.1
hardware, D.2 software
E. Problems encountered if system drivers are not installed

What I Can Do

On your journal, draw the relationship of the driver/device driver to the

computer operating system and its hardware. Explain your illustration.
 Assessment
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the correct answer from the given
choices below. Write the LETTERS only of your answer.
_____ 1. These are devices that does not require installation of device driver
to work properly.
a. Software devices c. plug and play
b. Downloaded devices d. none of the above.

_____ 2. It is a software program that enables a specific hardware device to

work with computer’s operating system.
a. Application software c. mobile software
b. Device driver d. operating software

_____ 3. These device drivers includes some generic hardwares which loads
with operating System as part the OS Cold boot
a. Kernel mode c. user mode
b. Plug and play d. none of the above

_____ 4. Which of the following is NOT a hardware device that the driver
may interface with:
a. printer
b. sound cards
c. Image scanners
d. Display screen

_____ 5. Which of the following statement is NOT true if system drivers are
not installed.

a. Manufacturers default software are not possible to use.

b. Not able to connect to the network.
c. Not able to print, if printers driver is not installed
d. Webcams will be usable at all times.