1 ( 1 - 0 x -n) > 0

ExplanationsPS-1
or (x - 1tx - n) < 0
Single Choice
0 if x e (2n,(2n+ 1)]
-2 sinx, if xe [(n + 1)n. (2n+2)r
hence number of integers = (n - 2) [from 2 to (n 1)1
n-2 2n - 11 n = 9
" |2 0) <[-z 0}\ Domain is1-2, 0).
Put x 2 and x = - 1 and make two simultaneous
ata
equations 6. A) fx) =

2
and f(-x) = f(x)

a and co are respectively. B) fx) = - 1 * and ftx) - f(-3) = 00

C)fix)= V1+x+x+ v1-x+x

defined when -1s sI and -1s SI
f ( - x ) = f(x) » f is even
5 s lxl-3 s5 and -4s|x|+ 1 s4
D) ftx) = x* + sinx
2 x| s8-5 lx| s 3
x 2 - 2 and x| s 8 and Ix| 2 - 5, and Ix|s 3
s o x E 3 , 8 and x e [-3, 3] f(-x)=-ftx) f is odd.
7. fx +y) + fx - y) = 2ftx) fty)
so Domain of flx) is [-8, 8] n -3, 3] =
[3, 31
2f(0) 2P (0)
f(0) 0, f(0) = 1
losa is defined when 0 s1 fty)+f-y) =24(0)f(y)
X+5 fly) +f-y) = 2f(y)
f-y) = f(y)
( log,x > 0 when 0 <a « 1,0<x <<1 or a> 1, x> 1)
f(-x) = f(x), even.

8. Let x +2y = p and x - 2y = q

50 and -1s 0
Solving we get x = -
6
xe(-o,-5)u (1,o) and 0
X+5
fp.q)=P . y) =*Y
xel-o,-5) u) 1, «o) and x > -5
f(x) = 1tx" or, f(5) = 1t5"
9
xe(1,»)-{6} or, 126 = 1t5"

or, t5" 125 t5" =5

5. flx) n =3
=
4-x f(3) = 1 +33 = 28
sinx-sinx
10. x -1|+ Ix -21 + Ix -3| 226
i)4 2 0 x2s 4 -2Sxs2 Consider fx) = |x - 1| + Ix - 21 + Ix - 31
i) sin x | -sin x
6-3x, x<l
0if 0 if sinx 2 0 4-x, 1Sx<2
-2 sin x if sin x <0
x, 2sx <3
3x -6 x23
 Direrential Calculus

cot 'x 1
6 for x <0 or x > 4 x Cof1
f(x) 2
Graph of f(x) shows domain( - , cotl)

18. Domain of f-

4 txe0. 33
it is monotoni.
19. For f(x) to be invertible, either ically
or monotonically
decreasing
11. 0s x} <1=cos 1l<cos{x} scos0 increasing
vxeR
Now f'(x)= -sinx -2p20
=1s c2 2p+ sinx s0 Vx
eR
1o{x cOs 1
2p+1s0

is {1}
cos x
range of the function ps-
12. x 2 0 x - {x} =x - {x} 20
Similarly f'(x) So Vx eR=p2
N<0=-{x -(x+{x}) =[x]-2x
=
20
only if
Hence Ip2
2x sxs-1 or if x
S- 20. Replacingf(x) byx, we f(x) =x
13. Possible integers are 0, -1
ff(x)= x* also (f(x*) =x"
,0sx<1 22. Taking x = y = 1, we get

0 .1sx<2 f(1)f(1)-f(1)=2
14. [x]-x={1 ,v2sx<
2 .3Sx<2
F(1)-f(1)-2=0 (f(1)-2)(f(1)+1)=0
0 ,X = 2
f(1) =2 (asf1)> 0)
Hence, the range is { 0,1,2} Takingy=1, we get
f(x). f(1) - f(x) = x +1
15. x+2] 0x]+ 2 0[xl -2
flx) =x +1 f(x) =x-1
x should not belong to [-2, -1)
Domain of f is (--2)u-1 »).
fx).f(x)=x* -1
23. Let logs (log,, 30) = t log,(log 15)
16. We must have

g+273-219-3*-20 = log loss 30)= -t

(3+3*-219-33- 20 f(t)+f(t)=12
3 »f(-4)=5
- (3*)21920
24. Let
2x-a,
8 2x--b
758 3 2219
81 3 2219
4(a-b) =y
*
33 23x81 3 2x25 Given equation »
f(a, b) =
a? -b
.
f(m, n) +f(n, m)
0 for all m and n.
=

Domain is 25. Put n = 4, G(4) = 4-F(4) = 4- (-3) = 7

17. In (cotx) >0 GOGI4)=G(G(4)) =G(7) =7- F(7)=7-6 =1
1.78
 Funct
is defined -1sX - 3s1 and 9-x2>0 nagative integer.
26. aninteger x non
2s*s4 and - 3 < x « 3 .
domain=[2.3) . Domain -R-Vx :x 20.x e Z
2
iog,o(x°-x) is defined
27 4-x* 30. -1 slog1 2
- 1s x's4
4-x=0.x* - x >0>x* +2, (x+1)x(x -1) >0 D =-2, -1] [1, 21
domain =(-1.0) u (1,2) (2,co)
28. :R>S is onto S =Range
31. fix)=sin loglx+ vi+x*))
f1-1-3.1+ V1+3]=(-1,3] ft)= sint, where log x +vx-1)=t
29. Since x 2 [x ].f(x) is defined if x* * [x']=x is not
R= [-1, 1]
- - --
 ExplanationsPS-2 to

Single Choice
clearly f is continuous at x = 0 and f (0) = - 1
Consider 4+4 AM GM for two positive possible cases can be as shown
umbers 4 and 4h-1
Possible Not possible Not possible
4+4h-1 m>0
[4* 4*" ]
=2 2h = 2-th-1;
m=0
4+4- 2*(a-1F-1
Note that for m < 0 the vertex of f (x) =
x
x-1
nowz =
x2+ (x -

1}? +1=2x* -2x +2 its minimum lie on + sides of x-axis

value is 4-2
2-9
5.
4 +4- has the minimum value =
232

hence f (x)2 log,(2)2

;let x, then 1
y angeis =
53
For domain of g (x) is the set of x for which 6. :4x + 3y 3
- 1 sx-2s4 1 sxs6
hence a = 1 and b =6 3-4x
f(x) = y = 3 .(1)
for range, 1 sys 100
1sf() s 10 » 1s fx-2) s 10 since f (x) and f(x) are the miror images of each other
=3 $3fx -2) 3 0 in the liney = x. Hence we find F(x).
hence 3 0 - 3 f(x-2)S-3 now y = f (x) > F ( y ) = x
. - 26 s 4 - 3 f (x -2) s 1
hence c = -

26 and d = 1 from (1we have x= »tly)= 94

.
Plot the graph of y sin andy = x [0, 2r] and
=
cos x in
ind the points of intersection of these two curve. In the
nterval at which they meet, consider upper curve.
x ) = S0-x)
4
4y 3 3x
= 3x + 4y 3 =
0

Y
f to be one-one f' (x)> 0 or f'(x) < 0 for all x
slope of = m-

similarly y with mai

if e is the acute angle between the lines
 Functions

3 f-5)--5 1 6
TO. x) f(x +4)-f ( + 2) + lz 6 )

tan
m2
1 m,m,
m8 29 28
Replace x with x 2 in ()
(x+2) f(x + 6)-f(x + 4) + (z B)
+ (i)
32 4) +% +B)
(1)and (i) f(x) + f(x+ 4) - f +
29 f(x) f(x + B)

cos 565 f(x) is denote witha pend

f5+ Br) f(5) x a N
11. y (a b
5V65 a+by
28
29

cos'x + 3 cosx-1
7. y -2

gx)-

12. x(e-1)(% + 2)(% -3 s0

x(e-1)(x +2)s0 (or) , = 3

when cosx Let e -120 xlx +2) 0
y is maximum
=

1 e21 xe[-2,0
y22 x20 so K = 0
y is minimum when cos x = +1 Let e-1s 0 «(x+2) 20
* 1 = xg- 2la) x 20
xS0 So 2e (-a - 2] u {0
8. We know that {x + T}= {x} as re Integer
xe(-, -21u{0,3

x+222000 ={k) + 20x

2 2000
13, We have - 1 s [2x -3] 1

-1s2x -3 <2

x*2000 2000 t..upto 2000 times

1s< xe
x),2000{x)
x ] + {x} =x 14. Since f(x) is
2000 an odd function,
=0 for all
Thus, x] +
22000 xe-10,10) 0s<1for al xel-10, 10
9.
-x+1, x<1 x'<a = a> 1000
foc) =|x -1|= x-1, x21 15. f (x) = x +3x +12x 2 sin x
Consider fl ) ({x)}*=

fit is true it should be true Vx = 3x +6x +12-2 cos x

put x= 2
LHS f(2
RHS
= =
|4-1| = 3
>0 for all values of x
({(21? 1. (A) is not comect
=
=

Consider f(x + y) f(x) + f{y) =

f(x) is an increasing function,
Put x 2, y =5 we get so f{x) is one -
o
and onto
7) =6; f(2) + f(5) =
1+4 5
 16. f0 2) 210 2 1
-
? fi4 22) 3) 2
(%) 23 H4) 2ti 1 26
2
17 ) in n 2 2s Csse

nrd mvtra f is irmTTide 9 i n 1<2

inwe )} in rww ww

l2. ) (12)hen
Nw tod I)- stn

( 2, 1)
Case
1 1 ie p|2, then
4x 41

Becau2 1 fn all 0, 4
e 4n320

- 1 on - 3
So, ual, - 2,
191-1 2
26. n(9-)>0-9-x,91e(-2,3)
1 -1«1
0 <2 -41410=](41-2)(1/1-2)e
2. v2) 10)
By wavy cure, []22 (or) [2]«[-20
20. S - 1 :
4
and 3-x >0 and 3 -x 1.
x22 (or) [aJ=-2-1,0
By solving the above inequality we get
%22 (or) ne-2,1)
6.2)(2. 3 %el-2,1) 2,)
-1whenxeR-!
21. + 0 for li) and (i), xe1-2,1)u(2,3)
when x e l
-1
27. For -1sx< 0, x] =

B1-1, 0} 2 s n + xl< -1
22. n (n x} is defined for all real » not possible
Ix} 2 0 For 05x<1, x = 0
kg,
Cese 0<x <1 0x+x<1
x x k g ,{x}= 1 defined
For other values of x cos'x is not
28. For f(x) to be defined
wa,txi is definedfor 0 <x<1
Cae x>1, then 0< {x} <1| 1-1-1-x 20

ka,{x) <
0 Jlog,{x} is not defined =12v1-v1-x
umain of fi) =(0, 1)
l21-v1-
23. xyeA )-(y)=s(f(2)-f{(9)=x =y o
V1-x20 1-x20
-1sxs1 Gen
Ais aA where roots also
f((a)) -a-»f{b)-a for these values of x, inner most
. Domain = (-1, 1]
f(aje A. »f is onito
x+1
29. Let g(x) =x"-x*+x'
-

24. tan'V-1zec' ond:1x21

= "+xx" -x+1
1.82
 Functlons

1)x(° 1)1 0
-(1(«* )1 But lim nx
0-0
-( 1}x(x1)1
(1)
when 0
f(x) imtS, I , x

F rx 1 o-1 N s 0 r x> 1, x(x' 1)>0

Hence range f- (0. 1
33. For y to be definer
write A)
For O<x<1, we (i)x>0

gfs)-x-(x-*")-(x -1) >0 (it) sin '(log, x) 20

sin0 log, 20
0«<1x<xx x <0 and x -1 <0 log, x 2

> x

(B)
Thus for all real x. g{x) >0 and hence f(x) is defined >x2 2" =>x21

Domain ( - ) (C)
fix) to be defined, -1slog,xs 1sxs2
30. For
2(64"-2'(72+2*)20
( 2x 2x-1>0->
+3x +x -n<x<-1
44-3620
orx orx (D)
From (A), (B). (C) and (D), common values of x are
=y636-220,where y 4
given by 1sxs2
y2644'24 x23 34. y= vsin x+cos x+ 7x - x* -6

Domain off = [3,»)

s1. (s)-2[l+sin kx]

xv--6
-1 Forhe function to be defined
= n [sin x]+[sin 2x] + ... + [sin nx] ...(1)
Case1: When kx fork = 1,2. 3. ... .n ) sinx 20
3rt
2 n - s x s 2nm+
Since 0< kx < n and kx*

0 < sin kx < 1, for k = 1,2, .. n where n =0, 1, 2 .1)

[sin kx) = 0 , for k =1,2, 3 , . ,n (ii) 7x-x-620~1sxs6 (2)
From (1), ftx) = n From (1) and (2),

When exactly one of x, 2x, 3x, .. nx is

Here not more than one of x, 2x, 3x, ...

, nx can
be. 35. f (x)
e Inx 53.(x -2)(x-5)
(2x-3) (x-4)
In this case one of sin x, sin 2x, .., sin nx is 1 and
Note that at x 3/2 &x 4 function is
= =
not defined
others lie between 0 and 1
From (1), f{x) = n +1 and in open interval (3/2,4) function is continuous.
Hence range of f = {n, n + 1}
lim f-+ve-ve)-ve)
x- (+ve(-ve)

lim f ve)(+ve)(-ve)
1 (+ve)-ve)
In the open interval (3/2,4) the function is continuous
& takes up all real values from( ,)
Hence range of the function is (- , ) or R
1-
1+nx

1.83
 DWerential Cnlouus

(b ) (c-a)20
s l i n f e m )t oirn
Alses (a b)
strn
(a)0
sin(rmx)-
1oinxI onl cos(sinx)s (.e)abs1

mx(einx-0,1
Hence ab hes in
siniom ens(sinnw)1,0,1 120>x22

41. let - log, x

37. (1) 3 1) )((»))0
)-nf" 1).2
Usirsg ab be ca
ab-(n bi j{n b )-n
(x)
ffo (a)f(*) *x when
>0
n is defined
) (x1)(00x) 1 0
1 i.e (t-1)(3t +
1) <0 =t<1(:t>0)
(1)
-

-
1
lgunlty ocurs al f(«)
=
<4
<1=> log, x <2>x
i ie gven that f(3) Therefore range = [2, 4)
Only wohstion is
f{x} 1 - *

x ) - Vx is xeR u{0} +b
dmain of 42. f(x) =2cosx
f
2 lan x -3 only
=

cosx =
sii
x]-1 0>
2 x -2 and lcos for non
monotonic,f'(x)
=

cosx< 0
22 sis - - 1 and-1
0 solution if -1s s1-2sbs2
and -1
cosx it will have a

1 ain
when
3n glx) is defined
-8 20
xad*2by 2x +bx'-6x-4bx
6
m a n values of x are gvern (x*-4)(2x + bx +2)20
discriminant of 2x + bx +2 b2 -16 <0

x-420xeR-(-2,2)
Fon these vahues d
43. f(x)=f(-x) where f(x) = x +sinx xe +

ir 3 n1 2sin FX)= x2 - sin x - xe"...(L1)

l s teteeT-2ard-1 g(x)g(-x), where g(x) =cosx + x - x

Parvge f ) s (-2, 1).
-

in 2r, bt lx) in n t defined

for x « (r/2,
Peris c }
(-2, n2). Fur-
Gx)=-(cos x +** + x) =
- cos x x -
-

n2)HerKe t suves to cmider

s e

z) is ewen, we oider x e l0, nd2). -sin x xe* -

cos x
-

x
F(x)+ G(x)
-

A i =

unu) ard inlonn) are decreasing

=-(sinx + cosx + x + xe*)

44. ftx)= sgn (x). g(x) = xt(1 x*)

. ef-{M/2),110) (gof)(x) = 0 and (fog)(x)

1, ifxe(--1)u(0,1)
0, if x =1(or)-1(or)0
4. w fsherf9 -1, if xe(-1,0) u(1,»)

184
 Functions

ihe porloxd of

6. fN(1-cosox) (tand)
-.CM (portodofon bx, pertod of tan Ax)-1CM -Inaa
(m/3,n/4)- n

both 2 and3
p.must be dtvlslble by
46. -3
P 6,P, 2,p,
Hence - In
. (()1)-1(() 1)
x y x + k
Replace
: (a)+f(«")- lor all values of a. for
(s28)-1)-l(1(x -1)--(%)-1
(x+ 2k)-f(x) whlch the functlons are defined, therefore
0
(0)1,put x y
2f(0) kP'(0) =sk 2 () 0 - 1 <a <1 ... (A)

49. y)
(1) >0 >1-a >0-1<a<1 (B)
f(1)
From (A) and (B), we have 1 < a <l
f(y) (puttingx-1) . The set of values of a = (-1, 1)

6
56. y- 2x
{(30) f(1)-30xf(30)-30x 20 -600 -1+ 5
30

Now, f(40)= 600 tor y to be integer, mustbe an integer

=15
40 40 2 x -5 = t1,:3,t6, but 3,t6 are not possible
and y > x - a solutions are (3, 11), (4, 9)
50. xa
57. Let f(x) = mx +b
fla-x-a)) =fla)ftx -a)-f(Otx)..(1)
Put x 0, y = 0, f{0) = f"(0)- fla) => ffa) = 0 (1) s(2) m20 similarly
from (1) f(2a - x) = -{(x).
(3)2(4)ms0~m=0
S1. Since (1,-1) and (1, 1) e Rin (a), so R cannot define
a function. Also (1, 1) and (1, 3) e R in (b). So R (0)=f(5) =5.
doesn't define a function in thiscase also. Moreover, (1, 58. Given that X and Y are two sets and f:X »Y
1), (2, 1) eR in (c). So R in (c) also cannot definea
one-to-one function. c)= yceX,yeY} & {(d)= x;de Y.x cX}
52. log, n is rational log, n is rational The potential representation of given information is
shown.
as

en is a positive integral power of 2

ane {2:r isa positive integer s10) for i(x)=d
1sns 2010

n)-t3)-55/3
nl

53. Put y = a,z = b then fly) = 0, f(z) = 0

f(x)
x-a)x-b)=
xabk = a b
S4. y 3 [x]+1 = 4 [x]- 14 ~ [x] = 15 »y = Now if, a
cx»f(a)c f(x) =d
+2y] = 107.
[(a]=a
. (a)(")-i d -a fla))=a,a cx is the correct option.

1+

1.85
 omerentat Caleuus

59 - 2).
is defined only for these valuos

3 3 -0f(x) -0+ n -
But Osx} <1 0 < [ ] -Ix]« 3

Osi1|le 63. Since the period of cos ax(a > 0) is

a and the
I]- -10.1.2. period of cot ax (a > 0) i s t h e periods of co.

CoS X COS X
are 2, 22(2n,
22 2n-T 2(2n) and
. s i n ' x + s i n x cos x = l x ] > s i n 2x - c o s 2x = 2{x] - 1
the period of cot cot are 2n,

the period of the given function is L.C.N

C.M
s 2]-1s= 2 s t s 2 2t) = 2t.
of (2T, 2,

lx] = 0,.1 >x e [0.1)u[1,2) 64. f(x) = e*-x]+|cos ma/+|cos 2 rox.cosnr

Period of x - [x] = 1
61.
Period of cosx =1

- Period of l cos 21x

-2
x-2x =1
Period of lcos nax |
62. (x)=sin" n

so period of fx) will be L.C.M. of all periods which

is 1.
Sinca **-0o
Multiple Choice
65. fx)=o
B) -1<og. x<2 =
xel*
68. A) fx) = |1-x|+|x +2|23

B) [fx)]+[(-fx)]=0 if fix)e Z=-1 if fix) «z

fx) = cos 4x sin 5x
f(0) = 1 similarly others.

66. fx)=vi-x*
f(cos x)= Vi-cos' x = sin x = |sin x{ D) fix)-sin3x-
69. A) Let hox) = glx) - g(-x)
= max. 1-sinx, sin x}
h-x) = gl-x) - g(x) = -h(x)
67. A) f{sin x) is defined if -1 < sinx < 2 C) fx) = log (x? - x + 1)
sinx -1
-x)=log(x*+x+1)
= x e R - (4n - 1)
D) Let ftx)=x gl*) g(-x) + tan(sin x)

1.86
 Furnctione

DY
4)grl >2/% >12
7. i)-
4

(0.0) g g)
x) 1 -
gx) h- gi=-1-
a

Taking glx) =
t 1-? is wrong, because
as two images
log -1 2
76. fx)
(D)=+v 1 =
osx+1-sin? x|-cox cos-
e=X- 1

ftx)-fy) 2x-2cx c -2
T. A
tan(ogx-logy) 1-ft)fy)
simalarly (B), (C)
D) ("=tanlog-1
x<0
72 A) ft) =
x>0 non periodic.
A) f(-x)= tx)
B) fx) sin a+{x}
=

Period of sin is2

period of sinx{x} is 1
)
C) fx)a constant function.
hemce
C)
Tiscosperiodic.
x) =
x+ tan xx
Reriod of cos x is 2n& Period of tan x is 1 77. 1s1+cos'x 2 1+cosx=1 or 2
fis non periodic. hence domain is R and

D) Similarty fx)
Range sec'1, sec 2}
=
max sinx. 78. fx) = 9-x -9

2sinx1 2ainx-s periodic Domain x s9 and x29 x = t3

(-3)=f(3) =0 »fis even fis many one.
71 )
(x) Vx
«[0, 2 79. g(fx)) = 0 for all real x and hiftx)) = 0 for all real x.

B) ffx) -gtx) = tanx -cot x = -2cot 2x - 2g(2x) 80. f)-( ]-1}{(x]+2)

1+fx) x) is many-one ftx) is many one
C x)+gx) = tan x + cot x= - 2c0s 2x
fx) f(x) elf{x) is into

1.87
 Diferentlal Calculue
function
periodic
g ' is
81. Domain eR is periodic function
and

xe 1el 86. Given fa x) fla - x)

Rangeof f[a - (a -x}) =
flx)
- x)
=

x) =
fla + (a
(2a
fla +(a x))
fla
+ =
-

(a+ x)) ={(-

B) f(2a+ x)
=

range of log (0, 11 C) f(2b+x) = f(-x)

D) We have f(2a +
x) ={(2b+ x)
fix) ysint+ ycost.t e(0,1.(-f(0)=1 2b-2a is a period of f

87. Replace x by 2,

21(2)21-21(1)-4 >"(2)--2-f1
Many one function hence not invertible
...(1)
82. 1,x)= tan x for x *(2n+1)and x n.

Replace x by 1, f(1)=
-1 .(2)
&3. Suppose for xeR 3meR then,
Bopbexby)'):2-2 13)
m=
ax6x-8
a+6x 8x --0.12)-1
=0 Solve (1) & (3)
( a +8mx* +6{1- mx -(8+am)
Since x is real,
2 0 88. Option (a):
Peiods of sin x and |sin x are 2 and
+ am)
36 m)2 + 4(a + 8m)(8
(1
a) + m + (9 + 8a) 20 respectively.
( 9 + 8a) m2 (46 hold for all LCM of {2n, n} =
2n
period of f(x)
=

if the above relation

fis onto if and only of sin x, cos x, cOsec x are 2
meR This will happen
if
0
Option (b): Periods
9 8a >0 and (46 + a?}2 4 (9 + 8a)2 s hence, period glx) 2 LCM
of =

9 + 8a > 0 and (27,2} 2

Option (c): Period h(x)
0 of = =

(a2+16a + 64) (a2 16a +28)

(a -2) (a -14) s0 Option (d):
9+ 8a>0 and (a + 8

>and 2 s as14. Thus 2

as 14
w-s- s--i)pn.
3x+6x-8
when a3, "3+6x-8x 11-x
6x 8 0
0, get 3x + -

For m we
with the period 1 (period of
.plx) is periodic function
6t6+96 323) xtk is k e (0, 1)
X
6 89. e=e-ex
Hence f is not one-one when a =
3
e-ex >0
85. gts) =sin(si ) + cos (sin ix}-1 e>ex

x<1
-scoocos-41)-1 90. Range of |sin2x+|cos2x is |1,2
--1
fxel then fx) 0 » glx) = = 0 jsin2x+ cos2]=1
gl-x)= glx) > gis even .(x)=0» i(x) is a constant function
f x e l then (-x} = 1 - {x}
:.i(x)is periodic with no fundamental period,
= sl-)- 1-+-1 =g) clearly fx) is into function and f is not invertible

g is even function 91. 1ssinx+|cosx|s /2

Sts)-0 xel
9(-x) ifxel
sinxl kosa]=1

1.88
 Functions
ftx)isdefinedif

sin'x+2sinx+ 2
-f(x)

inx+12orsinx+1s-
o9. 9x >0 sgn a =
1 »x>0 f(x -B(x)
x-1]>1 x -1] 2 2 x-1 2 2 x> 3
Dom.3, a)
log
= 1 =
0
range
o9, fx) and g(x) are mimor images about y = a 94. f(sin 2x) =
1 + 2sin x cosx =
1 + sin2x
fx)= a + t; g(x) = a -t Let u =
sin 2x so f (u) =1 + u
g{x) = Za - f{x) since 1 s sin 2x 1 so dom f =
-1, 1]
hfx) 2a is a constant function. Now 1 Susl
0s1+ us2. Thus the range f =
[0, 2]
Comprehension Linked Passages
95-96
To shift the graph of a function y = f(x) straight up, we But,-2sg(x)s4 ~-2+as-2 and
add a positive constant. To shift the graph of a function 4+a24a=0
and b can take
y fx) straight down, we add a negative constant to any real value,
the right hand side of y = f{x). To shift the graph of
2-1
y fx) to the left, we add a positive constant to x and 104. if a=2,b =3=f(x)=ZX+2,x
to shift to the right, we add a negative constant to x. <-1
Since the figure (i) is inversion then shifting down and Range of fi(x) is [0,)
then shifting to the leftso it is -ftx +1) +1.
Range of g(f(x) is [4,8]
103. xe-12-2s2xs4-2+as2x+as4+a
Subjective
105.f(x) = In (-2 + 3x - x*) for f(x) to be defined

-2+3x-x>0 » x-3x + 2 <0 Sin X-coSX

(x -1) (x -2) <0 xe (1, 2)
ii) Let u = 3in x-+3
so domain (f) = (1, 2) -1s

2 sus 4:
106.)
D,x 0:aluaystrue log, u is defined for x e(o, co) = D,
R,:y =log, u, 2 Su[4: log, 2 s y s log, 4
In (5x- 8x lsys2:ye[1, 2] = R
. + 4) defined for x e (-o, o) =
D,
R:y flx) =sin u, where
107.fx) is defined if 3
log,*-8x+23)-lo.Isinx
losa | sinx |
0

. min. Jorx
has min
min h l0gjsin (-8x+23|
8 >0
4
as log,8 =logu8
ie., In Su<o los, |sinx log sinx |

For u e [In , o), sinu assumes all values between sin x0,1 and8X8 +23
-
1 and 1.
-1sys1, y el-1, 1] = R as sinx 1 >log|n a>0 ~a<1

1.89
 Deontial Caleulue -a(2a*' - Wian)

B2 8 15 0 2av
x -a'
Nae N Anetion
« ) is as frllows

the rquied

e5)
Henee domain of a hnctn
ax *
(3 (1)
x* + I
10. Ghe,x)
(2)
1 af)
108.i) -
f(g(x))
flz).
Now (fog) (x)-

& I1/n
1 where K-1
-+1:f(x)=x* *
we know that 0s .

0sin /a). Domain offog/x) is

xeR-{1}. Now
Here, g(u).
g(x*+ 1)
=
=

(gof) (x) g(fx))

The range ofy is
u-1*+1-1*
1))
whereu +1
log (2-log, (16sin'
x +
y Here, Domain of goffx) is xeR-{0}
defined be written as,
Nou for y to be well
111. Glven f(x)
can
+ 1> 0
+1) > 0 and 16 sin x
f(x)= 2 + x|
2 kog 2 (16 sin x
4 +Ixl
2+ |f{x)| 2 += 2 + x =

which is true for all x

eR
2 i.e. for
f (fx)) =

for 16 sin x +1 <

* y is wel defined +), x <0
9x
0s 16 sin' x < 1 goftx) =g(fitx))
=

1 2 . We have glx+1), x20

1 <2
ie 1s 16 sin'x +
1) <2
0s log 2 (16 sinx +
+1-1", x <0
0<2- log 2 (16 sin x + 1) s 2
x+1-1)", x20
<yS
Range of y is (- , 1) x,X «0
situations
109. There are wo different x, x20
S
when x AP s OA, ie., X
2 xfor allx
Hence gof(x) = x for all x.

1
i) When x = AP >OA, ie., x > but x s /2aa 113. Let y = (100- x0T0

y=100-x0
Cae4):arlaAEF)=x.2x =*
(:PE = PF = AP = x) *"=100-y"x=(l00 -y"
Caee ():ar (ABEFDA) = ar (ABCD) - ar (ACFE) fx) = f (x)
therefore f(ftx) = x

d-a-x)2{/2a-x) Hence ff(1024)) = 1024

CP 2a-x
 Funetlone

the glven hunctton equatton, we get Igtx)()

N In
but gtven |f(x) + g(a)| |«) *
/utv
rom()&(#) |f(x) +gl)-|ftx)| Igl«)
for all 0 but given that )
x
iefix)m m e i e alxouut x a then poslble only when f(x) gtx)
. fs
a-)T(a+x)
gx) 0 .f(xkgt«)-0
f(2a n)f(x)
replace x by x-awe get
n o w

eplacing x by -x we have f(2a + x)- f(- x)

(x)- 0 ( gx) 0) ) -0.
f2+X) -(x) ( ts odd )
fx+4a) fx) x+1
wlth period 4a f(1 +4r) - f(1) 120.Now f(x) f(x) x x
f perode x+1
Now 2 1 8 - 4x -
2

8 f(1) =78 f-f> (x) =x > x'+x+1-x

1-f
1) 7
0 then f(0) f(0) +0 +
121.Po -*
16.Putting x
fy) = -
f(0) -
1
M0)= 1
Putingxfty)
f{x) + x* + fx) -1 replace x by 4X
We getf0)
fx 1- (11)

by using (1) and (i)

16) 1- 1-128 -127
I16)| 127. P-
117.f1) 2{2) +3f(3) + +n(f{n) = n(n + 1)f{n)
H1) 212)+3{13) + . . n +1) f(n + 1)
(n +1) (n + 2) f{n + 1) f{x) =;
n ffn) =
(n+ 1) f{n +1)

ie, 212)=3f13) = . . = n(f{n) ie., ftn) = -2) = I-2)) =2 » |(-2)1| = 2.

2n
2126f (1063) = 2.
1-x
118.fx-1)+ fx + 1) 122.Replacing'x by we have
=
2f()
fx-2)+ft)= V2ftx-1)
(ltreplace x byx -1)
tx)+fix +2) = 2(tx+1) (ii) {x) = + x" +1
(replacexbyx +1) fix) =x +1: {(3) =28
(0+ () fx-2) + fx +2)+ 2f(x)
Now dn)-1) 2* -55* 3025
=
2 (fx- 1) + fx + 1) n
fix -2) + fx + 2)+ 2f(x) = 2ftx)
fx-2)+ fx + 2) = 0
now replacng x by x+2 we get f (x ) + f(x +4) = 0

123. Since each of 3 elerments of A can associated to an

agan replaching x by w+4 we get element ofB in 2 ways.
f(x+4)+f(x + 8)=0 iv Therefore all the 3 elements can be associated with
(H) - (M yields fix)= fix +8) hence flx) is periodic
elements of B in 2 ways
function with the period8
3x+9x+17 =1+ 10
2 f12+8t) 7x 18 126. 124.Let y 3x+9x +7 3x+9x +7
Now, 3x + 9x +7 3(x+3x) + 7
119. fbx)+ gl s Ifx)|+Igt).)
1.91
 -3
1
Aerce n - 5
Marem vakse o
Maximerm v e of 4041
in x is3 4)
1 41 129. Range of

10 10 0-1 130. # f(x)

-
then thenfif)
125.y 10 10 1o 1 C

The h u n t o n it one o n e for f yis) = ix,

(t))-xadf f

thn i0T10i nw)--4

110 1
asin 2 2bcos2
8
hee 0 - 1 131. f(2)-
8
f - 2 ) a sin 2 2bcos2
-

110.1-10-11
1-y 101-101 10
10
f(2) f-2) = 16

f(-2) 16-15 1
2x-log
132. Let f (0)= 24t-5-16t
24t-5 16 P>0 x) =t:0st«
f(y
&0St< 1
. m 2
function should be
127.For f to be onto range of the

2. S o x'20»x*+424~V*+4
22 ste
Moreover 24t-5-16 F is an increasing function
a 1 /5 =
cçOn
a-4a =4
123.Genf) = ..(1)

..2) Now
f(1)=24x1-5-16=
but 4(f.x) =f4a)=T gven -a = 3
a =0, b= /3
x-1
)= 1- 13. losa 0
x-2

ptf k 1- xe(2,6]>b-a =4
134 E+E(2)+E(3)t.E(100)

k-lo-1 +x =k=k= 100.

E(010203..99100)
100

20(2+4+6+8)-4.
100
again 1.twi) =1) 135.-1 s lo9, e [xl £ 1

t=t-tx= tx =1 sls 2
kls5
1kx < 6

2
 Functlons

136.f ) -0 o txeR (3) -((2) - 0.

f
i$7.The
0)x) 2
huncton le definec
*)-2-ols)
*'(x)-2]-0
q) ls20
(v) 0slog,1 replace xwith, we get -2(x)-0
for x> 2
Now (1)
cai) and
(il)are true x> 2 and -3x't(x) =0f(x)=0(:x:0)
.f(10)=0
o-o1-0
139. 2-1x-2*
Solutions are 3.
Hence f(x)=cos (0)
0,2)
of the function is
Hence the range

fix), gt-x) =
g(x) y-2
38. -x)
=

(2, 0) (2,0)
()-s(:)& 140. Roots are 1, 0
third root lie in {0, 1)

i-)-s-) ol-10]-t]-1
Matching Type
x-x) =0 >x, =xza
141.A D,-1ssl- Sxs + +x2 +1:0
143.A) Graph of y = nx +1 andy = 2{x} do not intersect.
B)- simxs >xe -1, 1
B) (x) is the constant function having range as -1

sixs1 only So, x=-1 is solution.

Let x) =n, then {- x} = {x}
C) let plx) = ta x, q(x) = 1 - (n 1)
x+ + =
x-n
then, DD D 4 1 2n2-x -1sx<2 -1ns2
= Ro-1,1

D)-tanx<-1< tanx1. Hence n -1,0, 1

2x+ 2 D) Let x =l+f hence
142.A)Since w l l not attain the value but is
3x +4
one-one. 271-1310sf<1
25
B) Since sinx is neither one-one nor does it take all l=19,20 and comesponding f
real values. 144.A) Domain f = (-1, 1);

C) x-x +1 is not one-one

f(0) =f{(1) = 1 TAInx are one-one

D) x*+x+1 is certainly onto and is one-one Since

is also one-one.
ftx) =fix) »x+x+1=x+x+1 1+x
As f(-x) = - fix) so f is odd
-x)+%-%)=0 Hence, f is not periodic.

1.93
Diierential Calculus
f{x) has range R and f is odd.
0 Vx; .:.f is not
odd
f(x) >
B) fhas domain {x:x 1>0) R-~-1,1) s2 vx
D) f has domain R. f(x)
= -
=
f is even, hence. f is not 1 -
1 and f is not odd. one-one
fx) has range R. fix) v x;e (0,1);f is not
= 0
f(-1)=0-(-sin 1°} =1-
sin1) sin1-1
=
C)t 2 :fix) = t+ t+1:t>0
Domain off is R f(1)=0-sin1; f is not odd.
sinfx} has period 1
fetim(1 has range (1,o) (sin x} has period 2
fis one-one as t =2 and t +t+1:t>0 are one fis not periodic.
one
 Explanations
PS-3
Single Choice
f(x)=3x +2x+100+5cosx
(x)= =3x2+2x + (6 + 5 cosx)> 0
94 +
x20 .fis an increasing function and consequently a one
one function.
ifx <0 Clearly f(-)= -o,f(») =o and flx) is
continuous, therefore
range f = R = codomain f. Hence f is onto.

ifx20 4.
(0)-(k+3)- and so,
27, t
2is odd, then 3-27 givesk = 45

Clearly k=45**-24 is even. Sois even

xe(-10
x«(0.1(0,1] and
2givesk =
105

5. After simplification 9(x)=

9(2)=2
2. For f to be onto range 6. f(0)=1,f(1)=1+in 1,g(0) =1, g(l) =1

This is possible only when x -x+a20

7.
i(x)=vi+cos 2x+ If(x)|=2
cos x+ |f(x)|
since R.H.S is positive,
1-4as0a2, *flx) > 0 f{x) <0
so LH.S must be positive so

but when a> we have * 0 when<x

-xx-x*2-20 :.*i(x)=v2cosx-f(x)
-x+a>0.then range is subset of codomain. 1+x

The set of values of a for which f is onto is

8. y=loglax +(a+ b}x* +(b+ c}x+ c]=
log (lax+bx +c}lx +1)]
3.
f(x)=x+x +100x+5 sinx
 Dimerental Calculus

4 a c -0
log since a > O
yis defined if xb
x1xeR 2 n1
Multiple Choice
f is 2f(x)
x) f(2a x) f(x),then
f f a a) =f(a f(x)2 Using (3) and (4) we hayo
or

symmetric about the line x =a.Clearly

50.5,i.e f is
f ( x + 4) = f(x) =»
f(x) is
fx+2) -(
-2
»2a 101=x =
periodi with
t(101 -a) =f(x}
=

50.5.and f has minimum

8 to 10: Here. n=2 period 4
about the line
=
x
symmetric

=2500 f(1)+21(2)=2x3f(2)
at 505, f(50.5) =1+3+ 5+. 99 vertex
f(2)=
is square whose one
4
Also max xf.}v{}=2500
will meet the graph in infinite n 3 f3) =
is (2500.2500) y
= 2500
: n) =1
2500 for 50 x< 51.
points because fix) 2n
=
1
10. fix) = {x - a + a.x e [a, x») f(1003)2x 1003 2006
f(999)= 2 1 999
2a
Le y (x -a+a clearly y
1998
=

99
f x ) =a vx -a 12. Domain of f R, Domain
=
g =
R -

-1, 0):
(x -a)+ a =a + vx -a because if -1 Sx <0 thus 1+[x] =0
Now fx) =f (x) =

Domain of f - g = R-[-1, 0); since

(x-a =vx -a
e0(1+[x])y> 0
(x -al =1
(x - al =
(x -a) x =a or
y > 0 is 1+[x]> 0, *y<0 is 1+[x]<0
x = a or a+1
fa 5049, then a + 1 = 5050 yeR- {0}.
f a +1 = 5049, then a = 5048 13. (x+1)f(x)-x = 0 is a polynomial of degree n+1

(x+1)f(x)-x = (x-0)(x-1)(x -2).x-n)K

1. fx *

fx)-3 . (1)
(ldentity)
f x f i x +1)-3fx +1) = f{x) -5 put
x=n+1»(n +2)f(n +1)-(n+1) = (n +1)!K ( )
3fx+1)-5
fX)fx+1)-1 .
.(2)
put x=-1=1-(-1)"" (n+1)!...(2)
Replacing x by (x -1), we get From (1) and (2)
(x -1)=3f(x)-5 1, n odd
flx)-1 f(n+1)=(n+1)+(-1)"i

n even
n +2

fx)-555
x)-3 14. f(15 + x) = f(15 x), replace x with 15 + x, we have
Using, (1),ffx +2)=1X +)-5 f(30 +x) = f(x)
fx+1)-3 fx)-5
f(x)-3 But, f[30 + x) =
-{[30-x) »f(30+x) =-f(x)
replace x with 30 + x
2a)
fx)-2 Using (2), f(60+ x)=-f(30+x)=f(x)
: f(x) is a periodic and
3f(%)|5
ftx)-1 f(30-x)-f(x) =» f(30 +x) =f(-x) -f()
=

f(x -1)-1
1)-5
fx-2)
-2)31fx
fx-2)
fx 3f(x)-1 f(x) is an odd function
flx)-1
 Functlons

Comprehension LinkedPassages
f(0)- 1
18. (2)-f(1)
Thus, f(n 1)> f(n) holds for all
(3)-f(2) f(1)-2» f(2) n2 2
16. By last assertion
f(4)-1(3) l(2)- 3 f(n) is strictly increasing
This if f (ffn))
f(n) then f(n) n.
=
=

f(n)> f(n -1)fand For n > 2,

we asume f(n) n is satisfied by 5
=

only
f(5) =5
f(n 1)>f(n) For n
s2,f(n) = is satisfied by 0,1.
n

Then on adding f(n +

2)> f(n+1) In all there are three values.
17. By induction we can
prove it.
-Integer Type
18. Since f{10- x)
=
f(x) =
f(4- x)
19. ffx)] =x»d= -a
(10-x)-f(4-x)
say 4- x t fx)= aX+b
ff6t) =f{t) » f(x) is periodic function with CX a
period 6 f(5) 5 5a+ b
=
=
(5c -a)5 =
25c -

5a
so for xe0,25] f(13) 1313a + b =
(13c -a)13
fx) 101 at x =
0, 6,12, 18, 24 Total numbers=5 169c-13a
since f2-x) =
f(2 + x) f(x) is symmetric about x
= 2 line 8a--144c+8a
Due to symmetry in one period length. a=9c
fx) 101 one solution at x = 4 other than 0 and 6. fx)=cX +b
Now ftx) = 101 at x 4, 10, 16, 22
CX- a
Total numbers = 4

Hence atleast minimum possible number of values of a

x = 9. Range f(x) does not contain=9 k =9
C

90---
 Explanations
o Flashback
Single Choioe

f 4 0( 2 26 s

M10 (4 2 (1))-x
leary v 0, o nod onto 1
And is many one function
() ( " , a >0, n in +ve integer

(n n x") x
(+1)x +1

0 and ( u + 1)x* +(1 -u")x -0

f() adefrned only when 1
-

x>
lo.(1
1 - 0 and 1 - a 0
1-
1and x 0. D,- (-, 1) (0) [As true Vx * -1
For domain of gix) s+2,x +2 20= x2-2 Equation(1) is an identity
Common domain ls (-2, 1) (0}
Lvery linear function is either strictly Incrensing or strlctly -1

decreasing. If let f(x) ax + b be the linear functlon

-1, x < 0
which maps 1-1, 1) on to [0, 2]
-1) 0 and f(1)- 2 8. g(x) 1 + x - [x]; f(x) = 0, x 0

or f-1)2 and f(1) 0 -

1, x0
Depending on f(x) is increasing or decreaslng. {x}> 0
t b 0 and a + b 2 . . . (1)
g (x)- 1 +
f (g (x)) = 1
a+b 2 and a + b -0... (1) 9. f: [1, »)>[2, »)
Soving (0) we get a - 1, b« 1, solving (11) we get
a -1, b 1. f(x)= x+ =
y x* -yx + 1 =0
Thus there are only two functlons elther x + 1 or X

+1.
X
ytyy-4
5. fog f(gx)) |ein x|- vsinx 2

Also gof- gfix)) sin"vx x>1 x= t y-4

Obviouly, Vainx ygtx) and sin %= sin"(f(x))
EBut
y>2
Le. gx) sin'x and fix) / s . f (x) ==
x+ - 4
6. It s given that 2" +2- 2 Vx, yeR 2

Therefore, 22-2 <2 > 0<2*<2 10. For domain of f(x)=

+2
2 2" <2' x+3x+20 andx+3>0
Hence donain i s - < x < 1 , X - 1 , -2 and x > 3

7. f(x) 1
x+1'X- 1 D, (-3, )-{-1,-2
 Fundtlons

Gven that f(x)-(x+1,x- 1

1. Nowif the reflecton of f in the line y = x then
t can obtained by interchanging x nnd y in fx) i.e.
N 1" changes to x = (y + 1

sin0 is tnvertble when

- 1 defined vx20
y 16. Since only (c) satisfy given definition
1, v x20 i.e., f(f(B)) = B
gix) *
-

.Gihven thatf: [0, ao) [0, o) Only If Bc f(X).

ath that fix) +1 17. Let t - 3'>0, then Given function

Now fx,)- f(x) 8t

sin
fis one-one. Also D = [0, o)

Andfor rangelet yx= It is defined when -1s S1

x200sy<1:. R=[0,1)*codomain
f i s not onto 8t
Henoe D R>fis not onto. 9-+12 0and 1s0

13. ) isreal fsin' 2x+0> sin'2x 2 - ) t-8t-90 and 8t9 20

Buit weknowthat- sin 2xs .

and 00)
(t-3)

Combining () and (),- sin'2x s

sin-s2xs sin()-s2xs1
tslor t29
3 s 1 or 3" 29
have flx) **X+2
14. We have
x+x+1)+1
f(x) =
xS0or x2 2
=+x+1 x +x+1
3 s 1or 3* 2 9
x s 0 or x 2 2
=1++1i Domain =(-a,0]u|2 )

Here x+x +1> 18. f(x) x.gex) = sin x

(gofx) =sinx

0K13 golgofx) = sin (sin x)

(fogogof(x) =(sin (sin x)*

Again, (gof)x)- sinx*
15. {x) =
sin x + cos x, g{x) =
*-1
(gogof(x)= sin(sin x*)
g(f)=(sin x +cosx) -1=sin2x Given, (fogogof (x) = (gogof)(x)

(sin (sin x) =sin(sinx*)

Ceartygffiw) is invertiblein-s2xs
sin(sinx)Hsin (sin x)- 1} = 0

1.99
 Dimerential Calculus arvd (ü), we get y e
i)
From Egns
sin(sin x'-0 or sin (stn x" s nt
invertikle

Ths. Mx)
103 11.29)
sinx-0 sin x (reectedj
20 fx)-2x 15% hn1
n
r)-6x- 30% +5 - G -
19. b-
Here. ia bx
6x 2)(x 3)

xíl by) b y
y-bxy -b x -
b y b 1 2

by
where 0«x <1 0t For given domain 10, 3), f(z) is incresitn
decreasing many-one

=0
b-,0
1- by and - by Now, pui f'x)
x - 2.3
y«b or y>
() Thus, for Range
(0) =
1, 2) 29,113)
Range e[1,29]
b-1y+10-1<y< .(ii) f is onto.
1-by
Multiple Choice

increasing function.
fis odd
flx) is an
o n e - o n e function.
21. f(-x) =
[ log (sec x)]P = - f(x)
x -

tan fix) is an
3n(sec x +tan x)}f(secx tan x sec x)
+

f'(x) (secx+tanx)
(secx +tanx) = tan| * 2

fx) 3sec x{lnisecx +tan x)? >0, Yx e

Integer Type
22. fx) exists if 4 x > 0 and 1-x> 0 24. fix) = sin^ x + sin x + cosx cos
x * - 4 < 0 and x - 1 <0

12
xe(-2,2) and x < 1 >xe(-2,1)
Domain off is (-2,1)
or ftx) = sin? x
+sin x oxcon
23. Since f is an even function, f(- x) = f{x).

ftx)=sin x + sinx+v3cos x+
Now f
cos xcos x-V3sinx
Xor x
x +x-1 =0 or x+ 3x +1 =
0
sinx+cos' x)=

-Matching Type
5. flx) =
(x-1x-5) fx)<0 xe(1, 2)u(3 5)
(k-2)(% -3)
6x+5
fx)« 1
fx)<l -5x+61
3

ftx)> 0xe(-, 1)u(2,3) u(5, )

x+ >0 xE1,2)u(3, ).
(x-2)(x-3)
-

100