HYDRAULICS CLASS PROJECT

[PROJECT OF RETAINING WALL]

Name:- Wajahat khan

Father Name:- Rahim jan

Group Members:- Snaullah & Ziaurhman(F/N:-Sultan aziz)

Group Number:- 24
[Laghman university]
[Engineering faculty]
Directive Teacher:- Assistant Professor Mirwais Sediqmal [+93-780835213]
[2/21/2022]

WAJAHAT KHAN ***

HYDRAULICS CLASS PROJECT

STEP 1: In the first step we find the areas of wall…

First simply draw the shape of the wall :-

WAJAHAT KHAN ***

HYDRAULICS CLASS PROJECT

**Since the wall is divided into nine <9> sections, we find the area for
the nine sections.
2
A1=6.80∗ 0.60=4.08 m

1 2
A2= ∗ 2.46 ∗6.80=8.36 m
2

2
A3 =3.06∗ 1.50=4.59 m

2
A 4=2.35 ∗1.50=3.52 m

2
A5 =0.52∗ 1.00=0.52 m

1 2
A6 = ∗0.54 ∗ 0.52=0.14 m
2

1 2
A7 = ∗1.10 ∗1.09=0.60 m
2

A8 =1.00∗ 0.77=0.77 m 2

A9 =2.10 ∗1.50=3.15m2

STEP 2: In the second step we find the center of gravity of the divided
parts of the wall :-

0.60
X 1 =2.10+ =2.40 m
2

1
X 2 =2.10+0.60+ ∗ 2.46=3.52 m
3

1
X 3 =1.00+1.10+ ∗3.06=3.63 m
2

2.35
X 4=7.51 − =6.33 m
2

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HYDRAULICS CLASS PROJECT
1
X 5 =7.51− =7.01 m
2

2
X 6 =2.10+3.46+ ∗ 0.96=6.20 m
3

1
X 7 =2.10+ ∗1.09=2.46 m
3

1
X 8= =0.5 m
2

2.35
X 9= =1.05 m
2

STEP 3: Obtain the center of gravity of the transverse section of the

upper retaining wall :-

S y 1=4.08∗ 2.40=9.79 m3
S y 2=8.36 ∗ 3.52=29.42 m3
S y 3=4.59 ∗3.63=16.66 m3
S y 4 =3.52∗ 6.33=22.28m3
S y 5=0.52∗7.01=3.64 m3
S y 6=0.14 ∗6.20=0.86 m3
S y 7=0.60∗ 2.46=1.47 m3
S y 8=0.77 ∗0.50=0.38 m3
S y 9=3.15 ∗ 1.05=3.30 m3

∑ Sy = S 1+ S 2+ S 3+ S 4 + S 5+S 6+ S 7+ S 8+ S 9
Xc¿
∑ A A 1+ A 2+ A 3+ A 4+ A 5+ A 6 + A 7+ A 8+ A 9

Xc
A 1 ∗ X 1+ A 2 ∗ X 2+ A 3 ∗ X 3+ A 4 ∗ X 4 + A 5∗ X 5+ A 6 ∗ X 6 + A 7 ∗ X 7+ A 8 ∗ X 8+ A 9 ∗ X 9
¿
A 1+ A 2+ A 3+ A 4 + A 5+ A 6+ A 7+ A 8+ A 9

4.08 ∗ 2.40+8.36 ∗3.52+ 4.59∗ 3.63+3.52 ∗6.33+0.52 ∗7.01+0.14 ∗6.20+0.60 ∗ 2.46+0.77 ∗ 0.50+
Xc
4.08+ 8.36+4.59+ 3.52+ 0.52+ 0.14+0.60+ 0.77+3.15

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HYDRAULICS CLASS PROJECT

STEP 4: Finding the forces acting on the wall :-

● The weight of the retaining wall W wall=A wall ∗ γ stone ∗ 1 m

ton
W wall=25.73∗ 1.60 ∗1=41.16
m

● First class weight W soil= A s 1 ∗ γ s 1 ∗1 m

ton
W soil=9.48 ∗ 1.90∗ 1 m=18.01
m

● The weight of the first layer saturated with water:-

ton
W sat1 =A sat 1 ∗ γ sat 1 ∗ 1 m=2.12∗ 2.12∗ 1=4.50
m
ton ton
γ sat 1=γ s 1+ n∗ γ water =1.90+0.22∗ 1 3 =2.12 3
m m

● The weight of the second layer saturated with water:-

ton
W sat2 =A sat 2 ∗ γ sat 2=9.06∗ 1.93=17.48
m
ton ton
γ sat 2=γ s 2+ n∗ γ water =1.70+0.23 ∗1 3
=1.93 3
m m

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HYDRAULICS CLASS PROJECT

● The weight of the third layer saturated with water:-

ton
W sat3 =A sat 3 ∗ γ sat 3 =5.30∗ 2.11=11.18
m
ton ton
γ sat 3=γ s 3+ n ∗ γ water =1.90+0.21 ∗1 3
=2.11 3
m m

● The weight of the water in front of the wall:-

ton
W water= A w ∗ γ w =9.03 ∗1=9.03
m

STEP 5: Draw filter pressure by linear contour method:-

ton
P=( h1 − hw ) ∗ γ water=( 5.05 −0 ) ∗ 1=5.05 2
m

B B
≥5 → 0.5 B 3.4 ≤ ≤5 → 2.5 d1
d1 d1

B B
1≤ ≤ 3.4 →0.8 d1 +0.5 B 0 ≤ ≤ 1 →d 1 +0.3 B
d1 d1

B 7.51
= =3.31
d 1 2.27

T cr =0.8 d 1+ 0.5 B=0.8 ∗2.27+ 0.5∗ 7.51=5.57 m

0.44T cr =0.44 ∗5.57=2.45 m

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HYDRAULICS CLASS PROJECT

∴ We know that P1=5.05

● To obtain P2 we use a large tringle and a small traingle.

2.45+11.80 11.80+ 2.45+2.45

=
X 5.05
x=4.31

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HYDRAULICS CLASS PROJECT

STEP 6: Filter force acting on the right side of the base:-

→W 1 −2 = [ P 1+ P 2
2 ]
∗ L1− 2 ∗ γ water ∗ Bsection

W 1 −2 =
[ 5.05+ 4.31
2 ] ton
∗ 2.02∗ 1 3 ∗1 m=9.45 ton
m

W 2 −7 =
[ 4.31+1.80
2 ]
ton
∗7.51 ∗1 3 ∗1 m=22.94 ton
m

W 7 − 8=
[ 1.80+0.00
2 ]ton
∗2.27 ∗ 1 3 ∗1 m=2.04 ton
m

STEP 7: finding the depth of the foundation:-

● The depth of the foundation is calculated in the following four cases:-

1. Find the depth of the foundation besed on the bearing capacity of the
soil:-

γ sat 3 ( 1+ sin φ )

ton ton
1.9 γ =1.9+0.21 ∗1.9=2.29 3
3 sat 3
m m

3 kg kg °
P0=10 2
∗15=1.5 2 φ=18
m cm

( )
p 0 1− sin φ
d=
γ sat 3 1+sin φ

d=
15000
(
1− sin 18 2
2.29 ∗1000 1+sin 18
=1.825 m )

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2. Determining depth in terms of water velocity:-

( ) −y
2 1
q 2
d= x ∗1.35 ∗
F

● The width of the river as well as the speed of the river is not given so
we do not calculate…

3. Determining the depth in terms of gradient:-

ℎ w+ H 1
≤I
L+ 0.88∗ T cr control

I control =0.45

0+5.05
≤ 0.45
11.80+0.88 ∗2.45

0.36 ≤ 0.45

STEP 8: Determining the rule size:-

● We control the wall rule…

[ σ ]=
∑N
A

kg
∴ [ σ ] =2.4
cm 2

Gwall+G q +Gs 1 +G sat 1+ Gsat 2+ Gsat 3+ G water −W F 2 −7

A¿
[σ ]

→ Gwall= A wall ∗ A concrete ∗1 m

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HYDRAULICS CLASS PROJECT
2 kg
→ Gwall=25.73 m ∗ 2400 3 ∗ 1 m=61752kg=61.7 Ton
m

→ Gq =q ∗ I I =[ b 2 −b 1+ e2 ]

ton
→ Gq =2 m ∗ [ 3.06 −0.60+ 2.35 ] =9.62 Ton

→ G s 1= A s 1 ∗ γ s 1 ∗ 1 m

2 ton
→ Gs 1=9.48 m ∗1.90 3 ∗ 1 m=18.01Ton
m

→ Gwater = Awater ∗ γ water ∗1 m

2 kg
→ Gwater =9.03 m ∗ 1000 3 ∗1 m=9030 kg=9.03Ton
m

( 61.70+9.62+18.01+4.50+17.48+11.18+ 9.03− 22.94 ) ∗1000 kg 2

¿ =45241 cm
A kg
2.4 2
cm

2
A=4.52 m

A¿ 4.52 m2 → a ∗ b=4.52m 2

a¿ 1 m→ 1m ∗b=4.52 m2 → →b ≤ B=7.51 m

b¿ 4.52<7.51 →OK √

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HYDRAULICS CLASS PROJECT

STEP 9: Active lateral pressure of soil on the wall:-

1. The tensions of the first layer of dry soil is zero in the upper part.

2. The first class dry soil tensions in the lower part…

( ( ))
2
φ
∴ σ 1=γ 1 ∗T 1 ∗ tan 45− 1
2

( ( )) =1.82 ton
2
24
σ 1=1.90∗ 2.27 ∗ tan 45 −
2 m
2

3. Achieving second- degree tensions also in the upper part…

γ2 1.70
∴ heq = ∗ T2= ∗2.57=2.30 m
γ1 1.90

( ( ))
2
φ2
∴ σ 2=γ 2 ∗h eq ∗ tan 45 −
2

( ( )) =1.84 ton
2
21
σ 2=1.70 ∗2.30 ∗ tan 45 −
2 m 2

● Second- degree tensionsn in the lower part..

( ( ))
2
φ2
σ 3=γ 2 ∗ ( ℎeq + T 2 ) ∗ tan 45 −
2

( ( )) =3.91 ton
2
21
σ 3=1.70 ∗ ( 2.30+2.57 ) ∗ tan 45−
2 m2

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HYDRAULICS CLASS PROJECT

4. We get tensions in the upper part of the third layer.

γ3 1.90
ℎeq = ∗T 3= ∗ 3.98=4.44 m
γ2 1.70

( ( ))
2
φ3
σ 4=γ 3 ∗ℎ eq ∗ tan 45 −
2

( ( )) =4.45 ton
2
18
σ 4=1.90 ∗ 4.44 ∗ tan 45−
2 m 2

5. We get tensions in the lower part of the third layer.

( ( ))
2
φ3
σ 5=γ 3 ∗ ( ℎeq +T 3 ) ∗ tan 45−
2

( ( )) =8.44 ton
2
18
σ 5=1.90 ∗ ( 4.44 +3.98 ) ∗ tan 45 −
2 m
2

6. Hydrostatic pressure acting on water.

σ water=γ water ∗ ( ℎ w + ℎ¿foundition )

ton
σ water=1 ∗ ( 4.30+2.27 )=6.57
m2

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7. Soil tensions that occur on the right side of the teeth due to dust
from the right side.

( ( )) + γ
2
φ3
σ 6=γ 3 ∗ ℎrigℎt side foundition ∗ tan 45 − water
2

∗ℎ rigℎt side foundition

( ( )) +1 ∗2.27=4.54 ton
2
18
σ 6=1.90 ∗2.27 ∗ tan 45−
2 m 2

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STEP 10: Now the active pressure of the soil is on the wall:-

1. First class active pressure…

σ 1 ∗T 1 1.82 ∗2.27
P 1= = =2.06 ton
2 2

2. Second class active pressure…

( σ 2+ σ 3 ) ∗T 2 ( 1.84+ 3.91 ) ∗ 2.57

P2= = =7.38 ton
2 2

3. Third class active pressure…

( σ 4 +σ 5 ) ∗ T 3 ( 4.45+ 8.44 ) ∗3.98

P 3= = =25.65 ton
2 2

4. Determine the hydrostatic pressure of water…

σw
Pw = ( ℎ +ℎ )
2 w ¿foundation

6.57
Pw = ∗ ( 4.30+ 2.02 )=20.76 ton
2

5. Avctive soil pressure on the right side of the foundation…

σ 6 ∗ℎ¿ foundation
P4 =
2

4.54 ∗2.02
P4 = =4.58 ton
2

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HYDRAULICS CLASS PROJECT

STEP 11: Wall support against slipping.

→ The basic condition against slipping or collapsing is that the force

exerted should be greater than the force causing the slipping , so the
coefficient of stability must be calculated to secure the wall…

T fr +T c
K c=
∑P
TABLE

ton
T c =2.5 ∗11.80=29.50
m2

∑ P=P1+ P 2+ P3 + P w − P 4
∑ P=2.06+7.38+25.65+20.76 − 4.58=51.27 ton

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HYDRAULICS CLASS PROJECT

∑ N =W wall +W s 1+W sat 1+ W sat 2 +W sat3 +W water − F f

∑ N =61.70+18.01+4.50+ 17.48+ 11.18+9.03 −22.94
∑ N =98.96 ton
∴ T fr =∑ N ∗ F fr

T fr =98.96∗ tan 18=32.15

T fr +T c 32.15+29.50
K c= = =1.20 ok √
∑P 51.27

STEP 12: Wall support against collapse.

∑ M overturning < ∑ M gravity

∑ M overturning=P4 ∗ 7.51+ W water ∗1.05+W s 1 ∗ 5.21+W sat 1 ∗5.51
+W ssat 2 ∗5.97+W sat 3 ∗ 6.33+W wall ∗3.63

∑ M overturning =561.60 ton

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