/0fgLlts of]hgfM kl/ro, k|sf/, k|lqmof / gd"gf k|Zgf]Q/ ;d]t

!=/0fgLlts of]hgfsf] a'emfO{ (Understadnig the Strategic Planning)

/0fgLlts of]hgf o'4snfaf6 cfofltt zAb xf] h;sf] cy{ s'zn 9+un] zq'kIfnfO{ k/f:t
ug{ ckgfO{g] ;du| gLlt, sfo{qmd Pj+ sfo{of]hgfsf] ;dli6 x'ghfG5 .

/0fgLlts of]hgfsf] k|of]u ;g\ !(&) tyf !(*) sf] bzs k5fl8 lgs} rDs]sf] 5 . o;sf] sf/0f
vf]haLg ug{ /ljG;g ;d]t -@))*_ nfO{ ;Gbe{{sf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 M pgLx?sf
cg';f/ ;g\ !(&) sf bzsdf ljZjn] w]/} lsl;dsf em8\sfx?sf] cg'e'tL ug{ k'Uof] . o:tf em8\
sfx?sf d'Vo >f]tx? lyP, phf{ ;+s6, ;/sf/L lgodgdf v's'nf]kgf, k|ljlwut ljsf;df tLa|tf,
ljZj:tl/o k|ltikwf{ cflb . o;sf] kl/0ffd :j?k ;+u7g leqsf] phf{ Pj+ sdhf]/Lx?
nfO{ b[li6ut ub}{ ljutsf] cg'ejsf cfwf/df lgld{t eljio nlIot bL3{sfnLg of]hgfx?
km6fkm6 km]n vfPsf lyP . oxL cg'ejsf cfwf/df jftfj/0fLo k|efjaf6 l;lh{t cj;/ /
r'gf}tLx?sf] vf]haLg u/L cfkm\gf] k|ltikwf{Tds kmfO{bfsf] klxrfgsf cfwf/df dfq
Aoj;fodf ;kmn v]n v]Ng ;lsg] s'/fsf] lgisif{ lgl:sof] . oxL ;Gbe{nfO{ dWogh/ u/L
ul/Psf] cg';+wfgn] /0fgLlts of]hgf dfkm{t sfd ug]{ sDkgLx?sf] ljlQo kl/;'rf+s
/0fgLlts of]hgf gagfO{ sfd ug]{ sDkgLx?sf] t'ngfeGbf /fd|f] kfO{of] . clxn] lghL
If]qdfq} xf]O{g, ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+u7gx?, xl:k6nx?, z}lIfs k|lti7gx?, u}X ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?
cflb ;a}n] /0fgLlts of]hgf dfkm{t g} sfd ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ -k]h *@_ .

@= /0fgLltsf k|sf/ (Types of Strategy)

@=! km}ng] /0fgLltM(Growth Strategy)

@=@ v'Drg] /0fgLltM(Retrenchment Strategy)

@=# l6ls/xg] /0fgLltM(Stabilty Strategy)

@=$ Plss[t /0fgLltM(Combination Strategy)

#= /0fgLlts Aoj:yfkgsf k|lqmof(Process of Strategic Management)

!= ;+:yfsf] lehg, ld;g, p4]Zox? / /0fgLltx? klxrfg ug]{ (Identify the

organization’s vision, mission, objectives and strategies)

@= kof{j/0fsf] ljZn]if0f u/]/ cj;/ / r'gf}tLx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ (Analyze the

environment & identify opportunities and threates)

#= ;+:yfleqsf ;fwg >f]tx?sf] ljZn]if0f u/]/ ;+:yfsf] ;an / b'j{n kIfsf] klxrfg ug]
{ (Analyze the organization’s resources & identify strengths and weakness)

$= dfly @ / # df pNn]lvt ljZn]if0fsf] j:t'ut cfwf/df klxn] klxrfg ul/Psf ;+:yfsf]

lehg, ld;g, p4]Zo Pj+ /0fgLltx?nfO{ k'g kl/eflift ug{ cfjZos b]lvPdf k'g
kl/eflift ug]{ . (Reassess the organizations mission and objectives)

%= /0fgLltx? th'{df ug]{ (Formulate Strategies)

 ^= /0fgLltx? sfof{Gjog ug]{ (Implement Strategies)

&= /0fgLltsf] cg'udg / d'Nof+sg ug]{ (Monitoring & Evaluation of Strategies)

$=gd"gf k|Zgf]Q/M

xfd|f] b]zdf a}s tyf ljlQo ;+:yfsf] k|d'v cfDbfgL shf{sf] k|efjsf/L Aoj:yfkgaf6 k|fKt
x'g] Aofh cfDbfgL xf] eGg] s'/fdf s'g} z+sf ug'{ kb}{g . j}+ssf]
sfo{;Dkfbgsf] ;'rsnfO{ Ps} zAbdf c6fpg] u/L kl/eflift ubf{ shf{ Aoj:yfkgsf] k|
efjsfl/tf xf] eg]/ pNn]v ug}{kg]{ x'G5 . /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+ssf] ljutdf Aoj:yfkg
s/f/sf] cj:yfsf] tYof+s lrq k|:t't ug{ vf]Hbf v/fa shf{sf] cg'kft, gfkmfsf] cj:yf Pj+
o;}sf] sf/0f l;lh{t C0ffTds v'b ;DklQnfO{ cf}Nofpg] ul/G5 . oL ;Gbe{x?n] shf{sf]
k|efjsf/L Aoj:yfkgsf nflu c;n shf{sf] dfqfTds / u'0ffTds j[l4 ckl/xfo{ 5
eGg] ;Gbe{sf] emNsf] lbG5g\ . To;}u/L cfd gful/ssf] ljlQo kx'r / ;dfj]zLs/0f
geP;Dd ljlQo :yfloTj ;+s6fkGg /x]sf] x'G5 eGg] ;Gbe{ ;d]t lj;{g' x'b}g / ljlQo kx'r /
;dfj]zLs/0f lbuf] lgIf]ksf] cfwf/ xf] eGg] tYo ;d]t dggLo /x]sf] 5 . oxL lgIf]ksf] k|
of]u u/L xfd|f] d'n'sdf a}+sx?n] gfkmfu/L cfkm'nfO{ c/af} gfkmf ug]{ ;'rLdf
bh{ u/fPsf 5g\ eGg] ljifo ;a}n] a'em]s} 5g\. oL ;Gbe{x?nfO{ Vofnu/L /fli6«o
jfl0fHo a}+ssf] shf{nfO{ lbuf] gfkmf cfh{g x'g] If]qdf nufgL u/L shf{sf] u'0f:t/ /
gfkmf kl/;'rsnfO{ lbuf] agfpg s;/L ;lsPnf eGg] ljifodf cfkmgf] wf/0ff /0fgLlts vfsf
dfkm{t k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .

-k|Zgsf] k[i7e'ld M Macroeconomy sf] vfsfdf hf]l8Psf]n] /0fgLltnfO{ klg ToxL

vfsf tkm{ s]lGb|t ul/Psf] 5 . _

k[i7e"ldM(Background)

/fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+ssf] :yfkgfsfn lj=;+= @)@@ ;fnb]lv d'n'sn] ljleGg cf/f]x cj/f]x
Aoxf]b}{ clxn] ;+3Lo nf]stfGqLs u0ftGqdf k|j]z u/sf] cj:yf ljBdfg /x]sf] 5 . cjsf]
lgsf; cfly{s ljsf; g} xf] eGg] ;Gbe{ ;a} If]qaf6 :jLsfl/Psf] 5 . o; 38Ldf a}+snfO{ cfd
g]kfnLsf] a}+s eP/ ljlQo ;]jf k|jfx ug]{ ;'cj;/ /x]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu a}+ssf] zfvf
sfof{nox? lj:tf/, pTkfbgzLn If]qdf shf{ lj:tf/, ljlQo ;]jfsf] ljljlws/0f ub}{ cfd
gful/ssf] ljlQo ;d:ofsf] ;f]n';g cyf{t rfjL aGg] r'gf}tL Pj+ cj;/x? a}s ;fd' cf;Gg /x]sf 5
. o;sf nflu pTs6 O{R5f, ljZjf; / of]hgfsf ;fy cufl8 a9\g h?/L 5 . oxL k[i7e'lddf a}
+ssf] shf{ Aoj:yfkgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpb} lbuf] gfkmf cfh{g ug]{ /0fgLlts
of]hgfsf] vfsf lgDg cg';f/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

Vision:

b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf;, ljlQo ;dfj]zLs/0f Pj+ kx'rdf ;fem]bf/ aGg shf{ Aoj:yfkgsf] k|
efjsfl/tf dfqfTds / u'0ffTds 9+un] ;Gt'lnt agfpb} a}snfO{ lbuf] gfkmf cfh{g ug{ ;Ifd
t'Nofpg] .
Mission:

shf{ Aoj:yfkgsf] k|efjsfl/tf j[l4 ug{ dfgjLo, ef}lts, cfly{s Pj+ g]t[Tj Ifdtfsf] j[l4 Pj+
pkof]u ub}{ shf{sf] dfqfTds / u'0ffTds ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ cy{tGqsf pTkfbgzLn If]qdf
shf{ nufgL ug{ lgIf]k kl/rfngsf nflu oyf]lrt k|aGw ldnfpg ].
Objectives

pk/f]St lehg ld;g adf]lhdsf nIox? xfl;n ug]{ ;Gbe{df tk;Ln adf]lhdsf p4]Zox? to
ul/Psf 5g\ .

s_ pTkfbgzLn If]qdf nufgL a[l4 ug]{

v_ shf{sf] cg'udg k4ltnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg]

u_ lgIf]ksf] pko'St cfsf/ sfod u/L >f]tsf] cfjZos k|aGw ug]{

o; cGtu{t tk;Ln adf]lhd ;an Pj+ b'j{n kIf tyf r'gf}tL Pj+ cj;/x? klxrfg ul/Psf 5g\ .
;an kIf b'j{n kIf r'gf}tLx? cj;/x?

g]kfnL hghLjgdf leh]sf] g]kfnL hghLjgdf leh]klg
a}+s k'/fgf] k|ljlQsf] k'g/fj[lQ
kfO{g]
g]kfnL hghLjgdf
leHg ;Sg] ;a}sf]
/f]hfO{sf] a}+s ag]/ cfd
gful/ssf] ljlQo
cfjZostfsf] ;dfwfg
k:sg ;Sg] a}s aGg'
r'gf}tLk'0f{ /x]sf] 5
sl/a ^) k|ltzt 3/kl/jf/ a}
+ls+u ;]jfaf6 j+lrt
/x]sf] ;Gbe{df g]kfnL
hghLjgdf cem al9 ?em\
g ;Sg] cj;/ ljBdfg /x]sf] 5

j[xQ zfvf ;+hfn /x]sf] a}s
jxQ zfvf ;+hfn /x]klg
zfvf ;+hfnsf] k|efjsfl/tf
ck]lIft ?kdf j[l4
ug{ g;lsPsf]
j[xQ zfvf ;+hfnsf]
cy{k'0f{ pkof]u ug{ ;Sg] /
b]zsf] ljBdfg
k'g{;+/rgfdf ;d]t j[xQ ;
+hfn sfod /fVg'kg]
{ r'gf}tLk'0f{ cj:yf l;h{gf
ePsf] 5 .
j[xQ zfvf ;+hfn sfod /fVg
Pj+ ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf
xft]dfnf] ub}{ cufl8 a9L
j[xQ zfvf ;+hfn lgdf{0f
Pj+ k|efjsfl/tf j[l4 ub}
{ lgIf]k / shf{ a9fpg
kof{Kt cfwf/ lgdf{0f
ug{;Sg] cj;/ pknAw /x]sf]
5.

pk/f]St sf/0fn] b]zsf
ljljw ;d'bfo Pj+ If]qdf shf{
nufgL u/L xfn cAan
bhf{df bh{ /x]sf]
d'n'ssf] ljljw If]q / ;d'bfodf
nufgL
a9fO{ shf{ nufgLsf] cfsf/
a9fPklg lbuf] gfkmf cfh{g
ug{ ;lsg] If]qdf
shf{ nufgL kof{Kt dfqfdf
k'Ug g;s]sf]
b]zsf] cfjZostf cg';f/
pTkfbgzLn, /f]huf/Ld'ns
If]qx? h:t} s[lif, pBf]u,
phf{, ;fgf tyf demf}nf
pBddf kof{Kt nufgL ug]
{ Pj+ nufgLsf] nflu cfjZos
>f]t ;fwgsf] hf]xf] ug]
{ r'gf}tLk'0f{ cj:yf l;h{gf
ePsf] 5 .
pTkfbgzLn Pj+ /f]huf/d'ns
pBd Aoj;fodf nufgL u/L
cfly{ j[l4, gfkmf, ljlQo
kx'r, ;dfj]zLs/0f,
cfly{s :yfloTodf ;fem]bf/
agL yk k|ult ug]{ cj;/} cj;/
pknAw /x]sf] 5 .

;]jf k|jfxsf] nflu hgzlSt, k| ;]jf k|jfxdf hlt g} ;'wf/ ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ r':t b'?:t Pj+ ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ r':t b'?:t
ljlw Pj+ gLlt u/]klg ;]jfu|fxLsf] cfd gful/ssf] /f]hfO{sf] agfP/ cfd gful/ssf]
lgoddf ;dofg's'n kl/kfh{g 7'nf] ;d'xsf] dg lhTg g;sL agfpg pRr Aoj:yfkg klxnf] /f]hfO{sf] a}+s
ub}/x]sf] s'n ahf/ z]o/sf] c+z lbg k| Pj+ ;du| hgzlStsf] agL cfTd;Ddfg, VoftL
 ltlbg v:sbf] Ifdtf, ;f]r / k|efjsfl/tf j[l4 cfh{g ug{ ;lsg] cj;/} cj;/
ub}{ k|ljlwd}qL tyf /x]sf] 5 .
Gofok'0f{ ;]jf k|jfx
ug'{ kg]{ r'gf}tL ljBdfg
/x]sf] 5

dfly pNn]lvt p4]Zox? xfl;n ug{ of] :j6 ljZn]if0f tflnsfdf pNn]lvt ;Gbe{x?n]
tk;Lnsf /0fgLltx? tyf sfo{gLltx? dfkm{t ;xof]u k'/\ofp5 eGg] lgisif{sf ;fy tk;Lnsf
/0fgLlt th{'df / sfof{Gojg of]hgf tflnsfdf ;d]t l;nl;n]jf/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

p4]Zo s adf]lhdsf /0fgLltx?M

c_ pTkfbgzLn If]qx? dWo] xfn cy{tGqsf] nflu jf+l5t 7flgPsf s[lif, pBf]u, ko{6g
Pj+ phf{ If]qdf pTk|]/0ff ;lxt nufgL ug]{ .

cf_ cy{tGqsf] /f]huf/Ldf lbuf] k|efj kfg{ ;kmn ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBd Aoj;fox?df
ljleGg pTk|]/0ff ;lxtsf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{

o; /0fgLltx?nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;+rfgn ul/g] 5 .

 pTkfbgzLn If]qdf shf{ k|jfxsf] k|lqmof ;/nLs/0f ug]{ .

 pTkfbgzLn If]qdf nufgL ul/g] shf{sf] Aofhb/nfO{ Go'gtd ug]{

 shf{ nufgLdf k|ToIf ;+nUg zfvf sfof{nox?nfO{ shf{ nufgL ug]{ clwsf/
kof{Kt dfqfdf lbg] .

 k'/:sf/ / b08 k|0ffnLnfO{ shf{ nufgLsf] dfqfTds / u'0ffTds :t/ l;t cfj4 ug]{ .

p4]Zo v adf]lhdsf /0fgLltx?M

c_ cg'udg k4ltnfO{ cg;fO{6 -hxf h] cg'udg jf lgl/If0f ug{ vf]lhPsf] xf] pxL ef}lts ?
kdf pkl:yt eO{ cg'udg ug]{ k4lt_ / ckm;fO{6 -;f] ;DaGwL ;'rgf jf hfgsf/L pknAw
ePsf] jf x'g] 7fpaf6 cg'udg ug]{ k4lt_ dfk{mt k|efjsf/L agfpg] .

cf_ cg'udg k4ltnfO{ ;anLs/0f ug{ ;'rgf k|ljlwsf] e/k'/ pkof]u ug]{

o; /0fgLltx?nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .

 cg'udg kmf/fdx?sf] ;'wf/ Pj+ gof kmf/fx? dfkm{t e/kbf{ ;'rgfx? k|fKt ug]{.

 cg'udgdf ;+nUg ;+:yfut lgsfox?nfO{ ef}lts, dfgjLo Pj+ k|ljlwut 9+un] kof{Kt
;'wf/sf sfo{qmd dfkm{t ;Ifd agfpg] .

 ;'rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L l/on6fO{d sf/f]af/ Pj+ cGo ljj/0f dfkm{t cg'udg ug]
{ k4lt ljsf; ug]{

 k'/:sf/ / b08 k|0ffnLnfO{ shf{sf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg l;t cfj4 ug]{ .

p4]Zo u adf]lhdsf /0fgLltx?M

c_ a}+ssf zfvf sfof{nox? x/]s ufpkfnLsfsf] s]Gb| cyf{t zx/ pGd'v If]qdf lj:tf/ u/L
lgIf]k cfwf/ lj:tf/ ug]{ .

cf_ cfd gful/x?sf] a}+sk|lt /x]sf] cufw ljZjf;nfO{ sfod /fVg cfd gful/s ;j{;fwf/0f Pj+
afns, j[4 Pj+ czStx?sf] art cfslif{t ug]{ u/L Aofhb/df k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{

o; /0fgLltx?nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .

 cfd gful/sf] a}+ls+u kx'r j[l4 ug{ z'Go lgIf]kdf vftf vf]Ng ;Sg] Aoj:yf ug]{.

 ljlQo ;fIf/tfnfO{ k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;+rfng u/L a}+s k|ltsf] ljZjf; Pj+ pkof]lutfdf
a[l4 u/fpg] .

 ;'rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L e'StfgL k|0ffnLnfO{ P6LPd, df]afO{n a}+ls+u,

qm]l86 sf8{ dfkm{t gub /lxt ;'ud / ;'/lIft k4ltsf] ?kdf cfd gful/sf] ljZjf; j[l4
ug{ yk ;'wf/sf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ .

 lbuf] lgIf]k cfwf/ePsf nlIft ;d'bfo h:t} h]i7 gful/s, u[lx0fL Pj+ afnsx?sf] art
of]hgfnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ a9L Aofhb/ dfkm{t Incentive k|bfg ug]{.
 pk/f]St p4]Zo, /0fgLlt Pj+ sfo{qmdnfO{ nfu' ug{ tk;Ln cg';f/sf] sfo{of]hgf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

sfo{of]hgf tflnsf (Action Matrix)

l;= p4]Zox? /0fgLltx? sfo{gLlt jf k|d'v sfof{Gjog ug] cg'udg ug] cg'udg ;'rs ck]lIft pknAwL ;do ;fwg >f]t hf]lvd
g+ sfo{qmdx? { lgsfo { lgsfo ah]6
=

! s_
pTkfbgz
c_ pTkfbgzLn If]qx?
dWo] xfn cy{tGqsf]
 pTkfbgzLn
jf]8{ ckm
8fO{/]S6/
ljleGg txsf
shf{ sldl6
pTkfbgzLn If]q
kl/eflift eP gePsf]
pTkfbgzLn If]qsf]
kl/efiff ePsf] x'g]
zL3| ;Dkfbg
ug{ Aoj:yfkg 4f/f
cfjZostfsf]
k'i6fO{sf]
pTkfbgzLn If]qsf] kl/efiff unt
9+un] eO{ shf{sf] b'?kof]u
If]qdf shf{ k|jfxsf] k|
Ln If]qdf nflu jf+l5t 7flgPsf tf]lsPsf sfd slDtdf cfwf/df tt\ tt\ x'g;Sg]
lqmof ;/nLs/0f ug]{ . ljleGg txsf hf]lvd pTkfbgzLn If]qdf pTkfbgzLn If]qdf
nufgL s[lif, pBf]u, ko{6g @ dlxgf leq / cGo lgsfox?af6
a[l4 ug]{ Pj+ phf{ If]qdf shf{ sldl6 - Aoj:yfkg ljefu shf{ nufgLsf] k| shf{ nufgLsf] k| k|s[ltsf sfd lg/Gt/ kof{Kt pRr Aoj:yfkgn] cfjZos clwsf/
pTk|]/0ff -  pTkfbgzLn s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo Pj+ cl86 sldl6 lqmof ;/nLs/0f eP lqmof ;/nLs/0f ePsf] Pj+ bL3{sfnLg dfqfdf x'g]5 . Pj+ >f]t ;fwg k|of]u
O{G;]lG6e_ ;lxt If]qdf nufgL ul/g] Pj+ zfvf :t/sf gePsf] x'g] ks[lt cyf{t Ps ug{ ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] dfGotf
nufgL ug]{ . shf{sf] shf{ ;ldltx? cfGtl/s Pj+ jif{eGbf al9 ;do cg';f/ clwsf/ kTofof]hg
Aofhb/nfO{ Go'gtd ug] jfx\o n]vf pTkfbgzLn If]qsf] pTkfbgzLn If]qsf] lng]5g\ . ug{ gvf]Hg] ?9LafbL k|j[lQn]
{ Dffgj ;+zfwg kl/If0f ug] shf{sf] shf{sf] cj/f]w l;h{gf ug]{
ljefu { lgsfox? Aofhb/ ;fk]lIfs ?kdf Aofhb/ ;fk]lIfs ?kdf
cf_ cy{tGqsf] Go'g eP gePsf] Go'g x'g]5 . cfjZostfsf] Aofhb/nfO{ d'n'ssf] a[xQ
/f]huf/Ldf lbuf] k|efj  shf{ nufgLdf j|f~r ck/]zg tt\ lgofds k'i6fO{sf] kl/;'rsdf cfPsf] u8a8L
kfg{ ;kmn ;fgf tyf k|ToIf ;+nUg zfvf ljefu lgsfox? k|ToIf shf{ nufgL k|ToIf shf{ nufgL cfwf/df tt\ tt\ h:t} /]ld6fG;sf] 36\bf] b/ Pj+
demf}nf pBd sfof{nox? ug]{ a}+ssf] ;+/rgf - ug]{ a}+ssf] ;+/rgf - lgsfox?af6 r'lnbf] Aofkf/ 3f6fsf] sf/0fn]
Aoj;fox?df ljleGg nfO{ shf{ nufgL ug] ljQ ljefu zfvf sfof{no_ x? zfvf sfof{no_ x? kof{Kt Go'g ug{ g;Sg] kl/l:ylt l;h{gf
pTk|]/0ff - { clwsf/ kof{Kt dfqfdf nfO{ nufgLsf nflu nfO{ nufgLsf nflu dfqfdf x'g]5 . x'g;Sg] cflb
O{G;]lG6e_;lxtsf lbg] . ;'rgf k|ljlw ljefu cfjZos cfjZos
sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug] >f]t ;fwg ;lxtsf] >f]t ;fwg ;lxtsf] a}ls+u If]qdf cfPsf] c:j:y k|
{  k'/:sf/ / b08 k|
O{n]S6«f]lgs
a}+ls+u ljefu
clVtof/L k|bfg ul/P clVtof/L k|bfg ltikwf{ / lgofds lgsfosf
gul/Psf] . ul/Psf] x'g]5 . clwsf/Lsf] :jfy{sf] 4G4sf sf/0f
0ffnLnfO{ shf{ nufgLs
l;lh{t x'g]
f] dfqfTds / u'0ffTds :t/
shf{ nufgLsf] shf{ nufgLsf]
l;t cfj4 ug]{ .
dfqfTds / u'0ffTds dfqfTds / u'0ffTds
cfsf/ adf]lhd k'/:s[t jf cfsf/ adf]lhd cfjZos
bl08t x'g] pTk|]/0ff k'/:sf/ jf
Aoj:yf :jrflnt eP b08 Aoj:yf :jrflnt
gePsf] u/fpg]

@ v_
shf{sf]
c_ cg'udg
k4ltnfO{ cg;fO{6 -
 cg'udg kmf/fdx? jf]8{ ckm
8fO{/]S6/
ljleGg txsf
shf{ sldl6
cg'udg kmf/fdx?
df ;dofg's'n kl/dfh{g
cg'udg kmf/fdx?
df ;dofg's'n kl/dfh{g
slDtdf ^ dlxgfleq
cg'e'lt ug{ ;Sg]u/L
cfjZostfsf]
k'i6fO{sf]
pRr Aoj:yfkgsf] cfkmgf]
g]t[TjbfoL cg'udgsf/L e'ldsf]
sf] ;'wf/ Pj+ gof
cg'udg hxf h] cg'udg jf eP gePsf] ePsf] x'g] . cg'udgsf] k|efjsfl/tf cfwf/df tt\ tt\ af]w x'g g;sL ljutdf h:t}
kmf/fx? dfkm{t ljleGg txsf hf]lvd
k4ltnfO{ lgl/If0f ug{ vf]lhPsf] a9fpg] / o:tf] lgsfox?af6 6fn6'n] sfddf clNem/xg] k|
e/kbf{ ;'rgfx? k|fKt shf{ sldl6 - Aoj:yfkg ljefu cg'udg ug]{ ;+:yfut ; cg'udg ug]{ ;+:yfut ;
k|efjsf/L xf] pxL ef}lts ?kdf cg'udg k| kof{Kt j[lQsf] k|wfgtf x'g;Sg]
agfpg pkl:yt eO{ cg'udg ug] s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo +/rgf ef}lts dfgjLo +/rgf ef}lts dfgjLo lqmofnfO{ ;'rgf k| dfqfdf x'g]5 .
 { k4lt_ / ckm;fO{6 ug]{. Pj+ zfvf :t/sf Pj+ cl86 sldl6 Pj+ k|ljlwut 9+uaf6 Pj+ k|ljlwut 9+uaf6 ljlw;+u cfj4 ug]{, k|efjsf/L cg'udg ;+oGq
-;f] ;DaGwL ;'rgf jf shf{ ;ldltx? bIf eP gePsf] bIf ePsf] x'g] cg'udgsf nflu ; lgdf{0f ug]{ ;Gbe{df pRr
hfgsf/L pknAw ePsf]
jf x'g] 7fpaf6 cg'udg
 cg'udgdf ;+nUg ; sfg'g ljefu
cfGtl/s Pj+
jfx\o n]vf ;'rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ;'rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u
+:yfut, dfgjLo,
ef}lts ;'ljwfnfO{ ko
Aoj:yfkgsf] pbfl;gtf /xg ;Sg]

+:yfut lgsfox?
ug]{ k4lt_ dfk{mt k| kl/If0f ug] u/L l/on 6fO{d u/L l/on 6fO{d f{Kt kfg]{ Pj+ cg'udg ;
nfO{ ef}lts, dfgjLo dfgj ;+zfwg
efjsf/L agfpg] . { lgsfox? sf/f]af/ Pj+ cGo sf/f]af/ Pj+ cGo k'/:sf/ / b08 k| +oGqnfO{ ef}lts,dfgjLo,
Pj+ k|ljlwut 9+un] ljefu ljj/0f k4lt ljsf; u/] ljj/0f k4lt ljsf; u/]sf] 0ffnLsf] cfly{s ?kn] ;DkGg
kof{Kt ;'wf/sf ljQ ljefu
{ cf_ cg'udg k4ltnfO{ gu/]sf] x'g]5 sfof{GojgnfO{ lg/ cfjZostfsf] agfpg] ;Gbe{df pRr Aoj:yfkg
sfo{qmd dfkm{t ;Ifd j|f~r ck/]zg
;anLs/0f ug{ ;'rgf k| Gt/ ?kdf cufl8 k'i6fO{sf] Pj+ tt\ ljefu Pj+ lgsfon] ;fy{s
agfpg] . ljefu ;'rgf k|ljlw k'/:sf/ / b08 k| k'/:sf/ / b08 k|
ljlwsf] e/k'/ pkof]u a9fpg] cfwf/df tt\ tt\ kxn ug{ g;Sg]
ug] ljefu 0ffnLnfO{ shf{sf] k| 0ffnLnfO{ shf{sf] k| lgsfox?af6
 ;'rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ljQ ljefu efjsf/L cg'udg efjsf/L cg'udg kof{Kt cg'udg k4ltsf] d'Nof+sg u/L
u/L l/on6fO{d sf/f]af/ O{n]S6«f]lgs dfkm{t u'0f:t/ cyf{t dfkm{t u'0f:t/ cyf{t dfqfdf x'g]5 . k'/:sf/ / b08l;t cfj4 ug]
Pj+ cGo ljj/0f dfkm{t ;'rgf k|ljlw ljefu a}+ls+u ljefu c;n ju{df /fVg u/]sf] c;n ju{df /fvL v/fa { dfldnfdf tt\ tt\ clwsf/Lx?sf]
cg'udg ug]{ k4lt ljsf; of]ubfgsf] d'Nof+sg shf{ k|ltzt zGo /x]sf] k|efjsf/L kxn x'g g;Sg] cj:yf
O{n]S6«f]lgs tt\ lgofds ug]{ x'g]5 . l;h{gf x'g]
ug]{
a}+ls+u ljefu lgsfox?
;'rgf k|ljlwnfO{ cg'udgsf nflu
 k'/:sf/ / b08 k| pkof]u ug]{ ;Gbe{df tt\ tt\
0ffnLnfO{ shf{sf] k| lgsfoaf6 cAan e'ldsf lgjf{x x'g
efjsf/L cg'udg l;t cfj4 g;Sg] cj:yf l;h{gf x'g;Sg]
ug]{ .

# u_
lgIf]ksf]
c_ a}+ssf zfvf
sfof{nox? x/]s
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jf]8{ ckm
8fO{/]S6/
a}ssf zfvf sfof{no
x/]s ufp kflnsf s]Gb|
a}ssf zfvf sfof{no
x/]s ufp kflnsf s]Gb|
zfvf lj:tf/
sfof{nfO{ cfufdL
cfjZostfsf]
k'i6fO{sf]
pRr Aoj:yfkgsf] Wofg
ljlQo ;fIf/tf k|j4{g ug]{, zfvf ;
kx'r j[l4 ug{ z'Go
pko'St ufpkfnLsfsf] s]Gb| df jf zx/f]Gd'v If]qdf df jf zx/f]Gd'v If]qdf @ jif{leq b]zsf ;a} cfwf/df tt\ tt\ +Vof j[l4nfO{ tfTsfnLs
lgIf]kdf vftf ljleGg txsf 6«]h/L ljefu
cfsf/ sfod cyf{t zx/ pGd'v If]qdf lj:tf/ ePsf 5g\ 5}gg\ lj:tf/ ePsf x'g]5g\ zx/ s]lGb| lgsfox?af6 gfkmf 3f6f;+u bfh]/ a}+ssf]
vf]Ng ;Sg] Aoj:yf ug] shf{ sldl6 -
u/L lj:tf/ u/L lgIf]k cfwf/ t :yfgdf :yfkgf kof{Kt lbuf] / u'0ffTds
{. s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo j|f~r ck/]zg lgIf]ksf] cfsf/ nIo ljlQo ;fIf/tf
>f]tsf] lj:tf/ ug]{ . ul/;Sg] dfqfdf x'g]5 . gfkmfnfO{ j]jf:tf ug]
cfjZos k| Pj+ zfvf :t/sf ljefu cg'?k a9]sf] 5 5}g . sfo{qmdsf] { dgf]j[lQ sfod x'g] hf]lvd
aGw ug]{ cf_ cfd gful/x?sf] a}
+sk|lt /x]sf] cufw
 ljlQo ;fIf/tfnfO{ k| shf{ ;ldltx? dfgj ;+zfwg
ljefu
lgIf]ksf] ;+/rgf -art,
rNtL, d'4tL_ nIo cg'?
sfof{Gojg Pj+ k|
efjsfl/tf dfkm{t
ljlQo ;fIf/tf, ;'rgf k|
ljlwsf] k|of]u,
cfjZostfsf]
k'i6fO{sf]
a}+ssf] ;]jf ;'ljwf r':t b'?:t kfg{
g;Sbf -h:t} P6LPd af6
efjsf/L 9+un] ;+rfng 6«]h/L ljefu
ljZjf;nfO{ sfod /fVg k sfod ug{ ;s] lgIf]kstf{ / lgIf]k nlIot ;d'xsf nflu ; cfwf/df tt\ tt\ lems]sf] /sdsf] d];]h l9nf
u/L a}+s k|ltsf] ljZjf; ljQ ljefu
cfd gful/s ;j{;fwf/0f g;s]sf] b'j}sf] cfsf/ ;Gt'lnt ? +rflnt lgsfox?af6 cfpg], k|ljlwx?d`f q'6L
Pj+ pkof]lutfdf a[l4 j|f~r ck/]zg
Pj+ afns, j[4 Pj+ kdf a[l4 x'g]5 sfo{qmdnfO{ kof{Kt bf]xf]l/g], u|fxs k|ltsf]
u/fpg] . ljefu ;'rgf k|ljlw a}ssf lgIf]kstf{x?
czStx?sf] art cfslif{t lg/Gt/ ?kdf cufl8 dfqfdf x'g]5 . Aojxf/ ?vf] kfO{g] cflb_ cfd
ug]{ u/L Aofhb/df ljefu sf] ;+Vof j[l4b/ nIo lgIf]ksf] cfsf/ nIo a9fO{/fVg] gful/ssf] a}+s k|ltsf] cfsif{0f
k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{  ;'rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u dfgj ;+zfwg cg'?k eof] ePg cg'?k lg/Gt/ a9]sf] 36\g] ;+efjgf
u/L e'StfgL k| ljefu O{n]S6«f]lgs x'g]5
0ffnLnfO{ P6LPd, a}+ls+u ljefu ljlQo ;fIf/tf a}ls+u If]qdf cfPsf] c:j:y k|
df]afO{n a}+ls+u, ljQ ljefu sfo{qmdsf] lgIf]ksf] ;+/rgf -art, ltikwf{ / lgofds lgsfosf
qm]l86 sf8{ dfkm{t tt\ tt\ lgofds sfof{Gojg Pj+ k| rNtL, d'4tL_ nIo cg'? clwsf/Lsf] :jfy{sf] 4G4sf sf/0f
;'rgf k|ljlw ljefu lgsfox? efjsfl/tf d'Nof+sg k sfod u/L ;jf]{Qd l;lh{t x'g] hf]lvd
gub /lxt ;'ud / ;'/lIft
k4ltsf] ?kdf cfd lgIf]k ;+/rgf sfod
O{n]S6«f]lgs nlIot ju{sf] nflu ug{ ;lsPsf] x'g]5 . ;]jf k|jfxdf vl6Psf ;du|
gful/sf] ljZjf; j[l4 ug{
a}+ls+u ljefu ljz]if Aofhb/ gLlt k| sd{rf/LnfO{ g]t[Tj Pj+
yk ;'wf/sf
sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug] of]udf NofP a}ssf lgIf]kstf{x? pTk|]/0ff dfkm{t dgf]an
{. gNofPsf] sf] ;+Vof j[l4b/ nIo pRr /fVb} ;]jf k|jfx ug{ pRr
cg'?k lg/Gt/ j[l4 Aoj:yfkgsf] rf;f] Pj+ 1fgdf
x'g]5 . sdL /xg'
 lbuf] lgIf]k cfwf/ePsf
nlIft ;d'bfo h:t} h]i7 nlIot ju{sf] nflu
gful/s, u[lx0fL Pj+ ljz]if Aofhb/ gLlt k|
afnsx?sf] art of]udf NofP
of]hgfnfO{ k|f]T;flxt gNofPsf
ug{ a9L Aofhb/ Pj+
cGo ;x'lnot h:t} shf{ nufgLsf]
lgz'Ns P6LPd, dfqfTds / u'0ffTds
O{G6/g]6 a}+ls+u cfsf/ adf]lhd cfjZos
cflb dfkm{t pTk|]/0ff k'/:sf/ jf
O{G;]lG6e k|bfg ug] b08 Aoj:yf :jrflnt
{. u/fpg]
lgisif{M

shf{ nufgL a}+ssf] k|d'v cfDbfgLsf] >f]t ePklg o;sf] dxTj b]zsf] pTkfbg, /f]huf/L
Pj+ art k|j[lQ;+u ;d]t k|ToIf / ;sf/fTds 9+un] hf]l8Psf] x'G5 .
t;y{ shf{ nufgLsf] ;Gbe{df shf{sf] nflu d'Vo >f]tsf] ?kdf /x]sf] art kl/rfng Pp6f
kf6f] xf] eg] csf]{ kf6f] u'0f:tl/o / pTkfbgzLn If]qdf shf{ nufgL xf] . o;sf] nflu cfd
gful/ssf] a}+s;Ddsf] kx'r ;/n, ;'ljwfo'St / kmfO{bfd'ns x'g'kb{5 h;n] art kl/rfng Pj+
ljlQo kx'r / ;dfj]zLs/0fdf ;3fp k'/\ofp5 . To;}u/L cfd gful/ssf] artsf] pTkfbgzLn
If]qdf nufgL dfkm{t b]zsf] ;du| pTkfbg cfwf/ alnof] eO{ yk /f]huf/L Pj+ art dfkm{t
shf{ nufgLsf] j[xQ cfwf/ rlqmo (Cyclical) 9+un] tof/ x'g hfG5 . o;sf] nflu shf{ nufgL
lg0f{o l56f] 5l/tf], k|ljlw d}qL Pj+ u|fxssf] cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ lsl;dsf] x'g}
kb}5 . To;}u/L shf{ cg'udg k4lt pknAwLd'ns ePdf o;n] shf{sf] u'0f:t/nfO{ Xf;
x'gaf6 hf]ufO{ a}+ssf] shf{ nufgLsf] pQd kf]6{kmf]lnof] dfkm{t a}ssf] Aofh
cfDbfgLnfO{ lbuf] agfpg ;lsG5 . o;nfO{ xfl;n ug{ dfly pNn]lvt /0fgLlts vfsfsf]
sfofGojgaf6 ;+ej x'g]5 eGg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .