MATERIAL

SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING
WHAT IS MATERIAL SCIENCE and engineering?

❕ Involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. In
contrast, materials engineering involves on the basis of these structure property correlations, designing or
engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of priorities.
❕Process of developing of new material.

MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT
Stone Plastic
 Homosapiens (2000 BC)-  1940-PRESENT
Development and Advancement  Polymer- Main component
 Ability to synthesize and process
Bronze polymers
 3000 BC-1200 BCE
 Alloy, Made up of Rock Silicon
 Ability to modify materials  1950-PRESENT
 Mechanical Deformation, Metal  Commercialization – integrate
Modifications (plato, kutsara, tinidor) circuits, electronics (devices),
 Food Hunting which leads to the information age
 Feeding  Example: Telephones, computer
 Human Productivity
Iron  Control in ability in alloying
 1200 BC- NOW accuracy
 Casting, Alloying,(Perfected)
 16th Century Future
 Nanotech
 Biotech

materials science tetrahedron

The materials science tetrahedron defines the scope

of materials science and engineering. The
tetrahedron emphasizes the four interdependent,
distinct aspects of materials science: processing,
structure, properties, and performance

Processing
Processing is a term that encompasses every way in which the material is changed. This can include
recycling, mining raw ore, purifying the material, shaping the material, and more.
 STRUCTURE
Structure refers to the way a material is arranged at different length scales. This can be differences in atomic
bonding, grains, precipitate arrangement, or even macro-scale architecture (although other engineers
typically work at those higher length scales). The most often-used example of structural difference is diamond
vs graphite. Both diamond and graphite have the same chemical makeup (carbon), but vastly different atomic
structures.

PROPERTIES
Properties are anything measurable about a material. In materials science, we typically focus
on intrinsic or intensive properties. These are properties that are fundamental to the material,
regardless of how much material there is. In contrast, we can also talk about extrinsic or extensive
properties, which depend on how much material you have.

PERFORMANCE
Performance is how well a material function in its intended role. Performance is directly related to
the material’s combination of properties. The material with the best performance is chosen for the
application. Performance is how well a material fulfills a certain application.

CORE: CHARACTERIZATION
Characterization is the act of measuring your material. It’s magnifying the 4 components.
Characterization is the main tool which allows different points on the tetrahedron to interact.

Processing affects
structure, structure
affects properties, and
properties affect
performance.