STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

4th QUARTER LESSON 1

 AN INTRODUCTION TO
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION
 OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:

Illustrates random sampling.

 The process of
taking samples.

SAMPLING

POPULATION SAMPLE
The totality of subjects The
(people, animals, or portion/subset
objects) under chosen from a
consideration. population.
 𝑵
𝒏=
𝟏 + 𝑵𝒆𝟐

Where
N is the population size
𝑒 is the margin of error
Example:
A researcher wants to study the academic performance in
Mathematics of students in a certain school. The school has a
population of 12, 000 students. If the researcher allows a margin
of error of 5%, how many students must he include in his
sample?
𝑁
𝑛=
1 + 𝑁𝑒 2
12, 000
𝑛=
1 + 12, 000(0.05)2
12, 000
𝑛=
1 + 12, 000(0.0025)
12, 000
𝑛=
31
𝑛 = 387.096

𝒏 ≈ 𝟑𝟖𝟕
RANDOM SAMPLING
➢ Refers to the sampling technique in which each member
of the population is given an equal chance to be chosen
as part of the samples.

PROBABILITY SAMPLING

▪ The sampling techniques that involve random selection.

NON – PROBABILITY SAMPLING

▪ The sampling technique that do not involve random

selection of data.
TYPES of Probability Sampling

➢is used if the population has no

differentiated levels, sections or classes.
➢ is carried out by assigning number to
every member of the population.
TYPES of Probability Sampling

➢ is the listing of all elements in the

population and selecting every kth
element in the population list.
➢ The formula used for this is
𝑁 Po p u l at i o n
𝑘=
𝑛 Sample
TYPES of Probability Sampling

➢ is a random sampling wherein the

population are group based on their
homogeneity.
➢ The sample is constructed by classifying
the population into subpopulations or
strata based on some characteristics like
age, gender, or socio-economic status.
TYPES of Probability Sampling

➢ Sometimes called area sampling because

it is applied on geographical basis.
➢ is a random sampling wherein population
is divided into clusters or groups and then
the clusters are randomly selected.
TYPES of NON-Probability Sampling

➢ researcher gathers data from nearby

source of information like the use of
telephone, mobile phones, or the internet.
TYPES of NON-Probability Sampling

➢ Also known as chain-referral sampling.

➢ is a non – probability sampling technique
in which the samples have traits that are
rare to find.
TYPES of NON-Probability Sampling

➢ sample units are picked for convenience,

but certain quotas are given to
interviewers.
TYPES of NON-Probability Sampling

➢ Sample units are volunteers in studies

wherein the measuring process is painful
or troublesome to a respondent.
Seatwork # 1 March 18, 2022
Identify whether the following refer to a population or sample.

A g roup of 45 students selected to test a new teaching technique.

A tot al machines produced by a factory in t hree week s.

The yearly expenditures on food for 15 families.

The ages of an employee of all companies in Nort hern Luzon.

The number of subscribers of telephone companies.