Bridging Module-Polynomial-3

Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL – MIMAROPA REGION CAMPUS
Barangay Rizal, Odiongan, Romblon 5505
Certificate No. SCP000433Q
MODULE IN MATH1
POLYNOMIALS
JOANE C. DALISAY
SST III | PSHS-MRC
Math 1 Page 1 of 17
Subject Code Mathematics 1 Elementary Algebra

Module Code 4.0 Polynomials
Lesson Code 4.6 Operations Involving Polynomials
TARGET
By the end of this module, students will have been able to:
1) perform addition and subtraction of polynomials,
2) perform multiplication of polynomials, and
3) perform division of polynomials.
HOOK
x+2
In the previous lesson, you were asked to write a

x polynomial that represents the total floor area of Mrs.
Castillo’s house. That is (𝑥 + 3)2 = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 3)
or (𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1)2 = (𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1).
In the expression (𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1)2 = (𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1),

Fig. 1 x+1 you can combine the variable x to become 2x+1.
Hence, (𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1) = (2𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 + 1).
Can you simplify that further? How?
x In this module you will learn how to do operations on

polynomials.
x+3
RoomSketcher
Math 1 Page 2 of 17
IGNITE
ADDING and SUBTRACTING POLYNOMIALS
Adding polynomials is just the same as combining like terms, only putting extra care with the "minus"
signs. In adding polynomials, just drop the parenthesis and combine like terms. When subtracting
polynomials, distribute the negative first, then combine like terms.
In this module, you will learn how to add and subtract polynomials horizontally and vertically. These
methods are the same as adding and subtracting plain numbers when you were in elementary.
Let me show you how it was done.

Simplify (2x + 5y) + (3x – 2y)
In the given above, I remove all the parentheses first. Then I group the like terms to easily combine.
(2x + 5y) + (3x – 2y)

2x + 5y + 3x – 2y
2x + 3x + 5y – 2y
5x + 3y
These two terms are un-like (because they have different variables), so I cannot combine them. This
means that I’ve gone as far as I can, so my hand-in answer is:
5x + 3y
Horizontal addition works fine for simple polynomials. But when you were adding plain old numbers,
you didn't generally try to apply horizontal addition to adding numbers like 432 and 246; instead, you
would stack the numbers vertically, one on top of the other, and then add down the columns (doing
"carries", as necessary):
432
+246
678
You can do the same thing with polynomials. Here’s how adding polynomials was done vertically.
Simplify (2x + 5y) + (3x – 2y)
I align terms with same variables. In this example, the first column will be the x-column, and the second
column will be the y-column:
2x + 5y
+ 3x – 2y
5𝑥 + 3𝑦
Math 1 Page 3 of 17
I get the same answer vertically as I got horizontally.
5x + 3y
Subtracting polynomials is just the same as adding polynomials. The only difference is that there is a
“minus” sign to consider. In subtracting polynomials, you have to be very careful with the “minus”
sign. Here’s how it was done.
Simplify (x3 + 3x2 + 5x – 4) – (3x3 – 8x2 – 5x + 6)
The first thing I have to do is take that "minus" sign through the parentheses containing the second
polynomial. Some students find it helpful to put a "1" in front of the parentheses, to help them keep
track of the minus sign.
Here's what the subtraction looks like, when working horizontally:
And here's what the subtraction looks like, when going vertically:
In the horizontal addition (above), you may have noticed that running the negative through the
parentheses changed the sign on each and every term inside those parentheses. The shortcut
when working vertically is to not bother writing in the subtraction sign or the parentheses;
instead, write the second polynomial in the second row, and then just flip all the signs in that
row, "plus" to "minus" and "minus" to "plus".
I change all the signs in the second row (shown in red below), and ADD down:
Either way, I get the answer: –2x3 + 11x2 + 10x – 10
Math 1 Page 4 of 17
Examples:
1) Simplify (3x3 + 3x2 – 4x + 5) + (x3 – 2x2 + x – 4).
Solution:
Horizontally Vertically
Answer: 4x3 + x2 – 3x + 1
2) Simplify (6x3 – 2x2 + 8x) – (4x3 – 11x + 10)
Solution:
Horizontally Vertically
Leave gaps as necessary.

Change the sign in the second line.
Answer: 2x3 – 2x2 + 19x – 10
Math 1 Page 5 of 17
MULTIPLYING POLYNOMIALS
Multiplying polynomials will be as easy as multiplying plain numbers if you remember the lesson on
laws of exponents.
Here are some examples of multiplying polynomials.
Simplify the following: –5 (2x2)
All I have to do here is multiply the –5 by the 2, while copying the x2:
–5 (2x2)
(–5)(2)(x2)
–10x2
Simplify the following: 2 (3x + 1)
In this example I have a number to multiply to a binomial. All I need to do is apply the DPMA
(Distributive Property of Multiplication over Addition). Multiply the number 2 in each term of the
binomial. This is how it is done:
2 (3x + 1)
2 (3x) + 2 (+1)
(2)(3)(x) + (2)(1)
(6)(x) + 2
6x + 2
At this point, I'm left with two un-like terms, so I cannot combine or simplify any further. My answer
is:
6x + 2
Simplify (x + 3)(x + 2)
In this example, I have to multiply a binomial to another binomial. In this case, I can use different
methods like multiplying it horizontally, vertically or by using the FOIL method. I’ll show you how it
is done.
Math 1 Page 6 of 17
Horizontally,
Vertically
First, I’ll write the 2 binomials vertically. It looks like this:
Then multiply just as multiplying plain numbers.
My answer is the same as multiplying it horizontally.
x2 + 5x + 6
Math 1 Page 7 of 17
FOIL Method
F L
F – First Terms
O – Outside Terms (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏)
I – Inside Terms
L – Last Terms I
F O
L
(x + 3) (x + 2)
I
O
F - (𝑥)(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
O - (𝑥)(2) = 2𝑥
I - (3)(𝑥) = 3𝑥 You can combine this because they are like terms. 𝟓𝒙
L - (3)(2) = 6
Arrange the resulting terms in descending order.
x2 + 5x + 6
As you can see, the result is just the same in horizontal, vertical, and FOIL method.
DIVIDING POLYNOMIALS
There are two cases of dividing polynomials. First one is dividing simple polynomial. It’s is like
simplifying fractions. Second is dividing long polynomials. Let us tackle first the simple division.
2𝑥+4
Simplify
2
Split the given into 2 fractions. Then simplify by expressing two fractions in its lowest term.
The answer is x + 2.
Math 1 Page 8 of 17
21𝑥 3 −35𝑥 2
Simplify
7𝑥
By doing again the steps that I did on the first problem, I will have:
You cannot combine the terms because it is unlike. Therefore, my answer is 3𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟓𝐱.
𝑥(𝑥+3)−2(𝑥+3)
Simplify
𝑥+3
I separate again the terms by making it to 2 fractions.
My answer is 𝒙 − 𝟐.
It’s so easy, right? It is easy to divide polynomial with a monomial, but what if dividing it with a
binomial, by a trinomial or even more? In the next examples I’ll show you how to do it.
The first method that I am going to show you is the LONG DIVISION.
Long division of polynomials is done just as dividing plain numbers.
Divide x2 – 9x – 10 by x + 1
First, I write the minuend inside the symbol and the divisor outside. Just like this:
Math 1 Page 9 of 17
Math 1 Page 10 of 17
𝑥 2 +9𝑥+14
Simplify
𝑥+7
Now, I’ll show you how synthetic division works.
𝑥 2 +5𝑥+6
Simplify
𝑥−1
Either way, I’ve got same result.
NAVIGATE
You Try!
Do the indicated operations. Write your answers in descending order.
1. (7𝑗 3 − 2) + (5𝑗 3 − 𝑗 − 3)
2. (8𝑎5 − 4) + (3𝑎5 + 𝑎 − 2)
3. (6𝑚5 + 1) + (2𝑚5 + 9𝑚 − 1)
4. (−𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 4) − (3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 2)
5. (5𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 5) − (6𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 5)
6. (8𝑥 3 𝑦 2 )(−3𝑥 2 𝑦 3 )
7. 𝑎4 (𝑏 4 𝑎6 )
8. (4𝑥 − 3)(3𝑥 − 5)
𝑥 2 −3𝑥+5
9.
𝑥
12𝑥 2 −6𝑥 3 −3−9𝑥

10.
3𝑥−3
KNOT
Points to Remember!!!
METHODS IN ADDING AND SUBTRACTING

POLYNOMIALS
1. Horizontal
2. Vertical
METHODS IN MULTIPLYING POLYNOMIALS
1. Horizontal
2. Vertical
3. FOIL Method
METHODS IN DIVIDING POLYNOMIALS
1. Long Division
2. Synthetic Division
Let’s Check Your Understanding
Simplify the following.
1. (4𝑥𝑦𝑧 – 𝑥 4 𝑦 – 𝑧 – 𝑦𝑧) + (6𝑥 4 𝑦 + 𝑧 + 9𝑦𝑧 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 5𝑥)
2. (𝑢3 𝑣 3 + 7 + 5𝑢4 – 𝑢2 + 𝑣) + (5𝑢4 – 7 + 𝑢3 𝑣 3 – 𝑣 – 9𝑢2 )
3. (7𝑝𝑞 5 – 𝑞 + 8𝑞 2 + 2𝑝 3 – 5) + (– 4𝑝𝑞 5 + 5 – 𝑝 4 – 4𝑝 3 )
4. (16𝑎4 – 11𝑎5 + 𝑎 – 15 + 3𝑎2 ) – (23𝑎3 – 9𝑎 – 4)
5. (7𝑦 2 – 11𝑥 5 𝑦 – 5𝑦𝑧 + 4𝑥𝑦𝑧) – (𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 5 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 𝑦 2 )
4𝑛5 18𝑛5
6. ( )( )
9 5
7. – 4𝑚6 (– 7𝑚3 + 5𝑚6 )
8. (– 2𝑐 + 𝑐 2 )(– 4𝑐 + 𝑐 2 )
9. (6𝑥 6 𝑦 3 𝑧 4 + 2𝑥 5 𝑦 2 ) ÷ 2𝑥 3 𝑦 2
6𝑛3 – 5𝑛2 – 54𝑛 + 45

10.
𝑛+3
Prepared by: JOANE C. DALISAY

Designation: Subject Teacher
Position: SST-III
Campus: PSHS-MRC
Recommending Approval: GLENN A. ATIENZA

Designation: CID Chief
Position: SST-III
Campus: PSHS-MRC
Approved by: EDWARD C. ALBARACIN

Designation: Campus Director
Position: Director III
Campus: PSHS-MRC
REFERENCES:
1. Retrieved from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/beginalgebra/chapter/4-2-2-adding-and-

subtracting-polynomials/
2. Retrieved from
https://www.purplemath.com/modules/poly.htm
ANSWER KEY
Navigate
You Try!!!
1. 12𝑗 3 − 𝑗 − 5
2. 11𝑎5 + 𝑎 − 6
3. 8𝑚5 + 9𝑚
4. −4𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 2
5. −𝑥 3 + 11𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 10
6. −24𝑥 5 𝑦 5
7. 𝑎10 𝑏 4
8. 12𝑥 2 − 29𝑥 + 15
5
9. 𝑥 − 3 +
𝑥
10. −2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 𝑟. −6

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Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Subject Code Mathematics 1 Elementary Algebra

In the previous lesson, you were asked to write a

In the expression (𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1)2 = (𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1),

Can you simplify that further? How?

x In this module you will learn how to do operations on

ADDING and SUBTRACTING POLYNOMIALS

Let me show you how it was done.

(2x + 5y) + (3x – 2y)

Simplify (2x + 5y) + (3x – 2y)

I get the same answer vertically as I got horizontally.

Simplify (x3 + 3x2 + 5x – 4) – (3x3 – 8x2 – 5x + 6)

Here's what the subtraction looks like, when working horizontally:

Either way, I get the answer: –2x3 + 11x2 + 10x – 10

1) Simplify (3x3 + 3x2 – 4x + 5) + (x3 – 2x2 + x – 4).

2) Simplify (6x3 – 2x2 + 8x) – (4x3 – 11x + 10)

Leave gaps as necessary.

Answer: 2x3 – 2x2 + 19x – 10

Here are some examples of multiplying polynomials.

Simplify the following: –5 (2x2)

Simplify the following: 2 (3x + 1)

First, I’ll write the 2 binomials vertically. It looks like this:

Then multiply just as multiplying plain numbers.

My answer is the same as multiplying it horizontally.

Arrange the resulting terms in descending order.

I separate again the terms by making it to 2 fractions.

Long division of polynomials is done just as dividing plain numbers.

Now, I’ll show you how synthetic division works.

Either way, I’ve got same result.

Do the indicated operations. Write your answers in descending order.

12𝑥 2 −6𝑥 3 −3−9𝑥

METHODS IN ADDING AND SUBTRACTING

Let’s Check Your Understanding

Simplify the following.

1. (4𝑥𝑦𝑧 – 𝑥 4 𝑦 – 𝑧 – 𝑦𝑧) + (6𝑥 4 𝑦 + 𝑧 + 9𝑦𝑧 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 5𝑥)

2. (𝑢3 𝑣 3 + 7 + 5𝑢4 – 𝑢2 + 𝑣) + (5𝑢4 – 7 + 𝑢3 𝑣 3 – 𝑣 – 9𝑢2 )

4. (16𝑎4 – 11𝑎5 + 𝑎 – 15 + 3𝑎2 ) – (23𝑎3 – 9𝑎 – 4)

5. (7𝑦 2 – 11𝑥 5 𝑦 – 5𝑦𝑧 + 4𝑥𝑦𝑧) – (𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 5 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 𝑦 2 )

7. – 4𝑚6 (– 7𝑚3 + 5𝑚6 )

6𝑛3 – 5𝑛2 – 54𝑛 + 45

Prepared by: JOANE C. DALISAY

Recommending Approval: GLENN A. ATIENZA

Approved by: EDWARD C. ALBARACIN

1. Retrieved from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/beginalgebra/chapter/4-2-2-adding-and-

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