Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education - Region III

Schools Division of San Jose City
SAN JOSE CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

GRADE 10

MATHEMATICS
Grade 10 Mathematics
Quarter 1 - Week 6 - 1
MELC: Division of polynomials using
synthetic division
Lesson:
POLYNOMIALS
 What I Need to Know
After this lesson, you are expected to:
1. define polynomials
2. discuss the steps in synthetic division;
3. perform synthetic division of polynomials; .
4. identify the dividend, divisor, quotient and
remainder in dividing polynomials.
 What’s New

Tell whether each of the

following algebraic
expressions is polynomial or
not
What’s New

1. 2x + 1 P

2. NP
 What’s New

3. 2 - 3 + x - 4 NP

4. 2 - 3 + x - 4 P
What’s New

5. 2 NP
6. x P
What’s New

7. - 2 + 5x - 4 NP

8. - 2 + 5x - 4 P
 What’s New

9. (x+5)(9x+1) (x-4)
2
P

10. NP
 What’s New

Polynomial expression P(x) is an

expression of the form

P(x) = anx + an-1x

n n-1
+ … + a1x + a0
 What’s New where:

n = a non negative integer, is the

degree of the polynomial
an, an-1, … , a1, a0 are the coefficients of
the terms in the polynomial and
they are real numbers.
What’s New

1. 2x + 1 P

2. NP
 What’s New

3. 2 - 3 + x - 4 NP

4. 2 - 3 + x - 4 P
What’s New

5. 2 NP
6. x P
What’s New

7. - 2 + 5x - 4 NP

8. - 2 + 5x - 4 P
 What’s New

9. (x+5)(9x+1) (x-4)
2
P

10. NP
 What’s New

How do you divide polynomials?

Example:

x + 5x + 2x + 7x + 30 ÷ x + 2
4 3 2
 What is It

Synthetic division
- short cut method to divide
polynomials.
What is It

Standard form
- the terms in the polynomial
are written in decreasing
powers of the variable.
 What is It
Steps:
1. Write the polynomial in standard form

2. Remove the variable x

3. Equate the divisor to zero and

solve for x
What is It

x – 7x – 18 ÷ x + 2
2

1 –7 – 18

X + 2 = 0, x = -2
What is It

4. Bring down the first coefficient.

-2 1 –7 – 18

1
What is It

5. Multiply that number by the divisor and

write the answer under the next
coefficient .
-2 1 –7 – 18
–2
multiply
1
What is It

6. Add the two numbers in column.

-2 1 –7 – 18
–2 add

1 -9
What is It

7. Repeat steps 5 and 6.

-2 1 -7 - 18
add
-2 18
multiply 1 -9 0
What is It

-2 1 -7 - 18
-2 18
1 -9 0 remainder
coefficients of
the quotient
 What is It

dividend x – 7x – 18
2

divisor x+2
quotient x-9
remainder 0
What is It Remember
Since the divisor is linear,
meaning the degree of the
divisor is one, then the degree of
the quotient is one less than the
degree of the dividend.
 What is It
Example 2

x + 5x + 2x + 7x + 30 ÷ x + 2
4 3 2
 What is It

-2 1 5 2 7 30
–2
multiply
1 3
 What is It

-2 1 5 2 7 30
-2 -6
multiply
1 3 -4
What is It

-2 1 5 2 7 30
-2 -6 8
1 3 -4 15
multiply
What is It

-2 1 5 2 7 30
-2 -6 8 -30
1 3 -4 15 0
coefficients of the quotient
remainder
 What is It

dividend x + 5x + 2x + 7x + 30
4 3 2

divisor x+2
quotient x + 3x -4x + 15
3 2

remainder 0
What’s New Example 3

4x –x + x – 25
2 3

÷ x+5
 What’s New

Standard form
- the terms in the polynomial
are written in decreasing
powers of the variable.
What’s New Example 3

x + 4x – x – 25
3 2

÷ x+5
 What’s New

-5 1 4 -1 -25
-5 5 -20
1 -1 4 -45
remainder
coefficients of the quotient
 What’s New

dividend x + 4x – x – 25
3 2

divisor x+5
quotient x -x+4-
2
What’s More Example 3

2x – 7x + 3
3

÷ x-1
What’s More

Missing exponents of the

variable should be included in
the polynomials with 0
coefficients.
What’s More Example 3

2x + 0x – 7x + 3
3 2

÷ x-1
What’s More

1 2 0 -7 3
2 2 -5
2 2 -5 -2
coefficients of the quotient remainder
 What’s More

dividend 2x – 7x + 3
3

divisor x-1
quotient 2x + 2x - 5 -
2
What’s More Example 4

x - 10x + 9
4 2

÷ x-3
What’s More Example 4

x + 0x - 10x + 0x + 9
4 3 2

÷ x-3
What’s More

3 1 0 -10 0 9
3 9 -3 -9
1 3 -1 -3 0
coefficients of the quotient
remainder
 What’s More

dividend x - 10x + 9
4 2

divisor x-3
quotient x + 3x - x - 3
3 2
 What I Have Learned

Today, we have learned that

Polynomial expression P(x) is an
expression of the form

P(x) = anx + an-1x

n n-1
+ … + a1x + a0
What I Have Learned

n = a non negative integer, is the

degree of the polynomial
an, an-1, … , a1, a0 are the coefficients of
the terms in the polynomial and
they are real numbers.
What I Have Learned

Synthetic division
- short cut method to divide
polynomials.
What I Have Learned

Standard form
- the terms in the polynomial
are written in decreasing
powers of the variable.
 What I Have Learned
Steps in SD:
1. Write the polynomial in standard form
2. Remove the variable x
3. Equate the divisor to zero and solve for x
4. Bring down the first coefficient.
5. Multiply that number by the divisor and write the
answer under the next coefficient .
6. Add the two numbers in column.
7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 .
What I Can Do

x – 6x + 11x - 6
3 2

÷ x-2
What I Can Do

x - 4x + 3
2
What I Can Do

x – 6x + 11x - 6
3 2

÷ x+2
What I Can Do

x - 8x + 27 -
2
Assignment

1. x – 6x + 11x – 6
3 2

÷ x-3
2. 2x – 3x - 4x + 3x + 2
4 3 2
 GREAT JOB!
Thank you for participating in
today’s lesson.

STAY SAFE AND

HEALTHY