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NSS Mathematics in Action - 5A01
NSS Mathematics in Action - 5A01
∵
2. (vert. opp. ∠s) ∴ △ABE is a right-angled triangle, where
(adj. s on st. . (converse of Pyth.
theorem)
line) (b) In △ACD,
4. (corr. ∠s, PQ //
RS)
(vert. opp. ∠s)
11. Consider △PQD and △SRD.
PD = SD (given)
5. (adj. ∠s on st. ∠DPQ = ∠DSR = 90° (property of rectangle)
PQ = SR (property of rectangle)
line) ∴ △PQD △SRD (SAS)
6. In △XYZ,
(∠ sum of △)
In △PXY, ∵ and
(ext. ∠ of △)
(common angle)
∴ △ACE ~ △DCB (ratio of 2 sides, inc. ∠)
7. ∵ AB = AD and 13. (a) In △ABC,
∴ AC⊥BD (prop. of isos. △)
∴
BD = (1 + 1) cm
= 2 cm
∵
∴ (prop. of equil. △)
of △)
AB // CD
∴
∴ △BDC ~ △BCA (AAA)
1
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
3.
2. ,
14. (a) Consider △ABD and △AED.
∵ DE is an angle bisector
of ∠ADC. 3. The sum of the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is
180°.
∴
∵ AD = DC and
∴ DE ⊥ AC prop. of isos. △
∴
BD = DE given
AD = AD common side
∴ △ABD △AED RHS
(b) ∵ △ABD △AED
∴ (corr. ∠s,
△s)
(adj. s
on st. line)
Activity
Activity 1.1 (p. 1.12)
1. (a)
2. Yes
3. ON ON common side
OA = OB radii
∠ONA = ∠ONB = 90° given
∴ △ONA △ONB RHS
∴ AN = NB corr. sides, △s
2
1 Basic Properties of Circles
3. Yes
Classwork
Classwork (p. 1.10)
(a) Element Term
region ORST minor arc
region OQPT major arc
minor sector
major sector
ce
ce
3
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
sum of △)
(c) (∠ in semi-
circle)
In △ACB,
(c) (arcs prop. to ∠s at centre)
(∠
sum of △)
∴ PR is not a diameter.
∵
4
1 Basic Properties of Circles
(adj. ∠s on st.
cyclic quad.)
In △DBC,
(e) (arcs prop. to ∠s at ⊙ ) (ext. ∠ of △)
ce
∵
∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic. (ext. int. opp. )
ce
(arcs prop. to ∠s at ⊙ )
ce
quad.)
quad.)
5
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
∵
∴ A, B, C and D are not concyclic.
(c) In △ABD,
( sum of △)
(ext. ∠ of △)
Quick Practice
Quick Practice 1.1 (p. 1.14)
Join OQ.
OQ 26 cm (radius)
In △ONQ,
∵ (Pyth. theorem)
∵ ON PQ (given)
∴ PN = NQ (line from centre chord bisects chord)
sum of △)
6
1 Basic Properties of Circles
Quick Practice 1.3 (p. 1.16) Quick Practice 1.5 (p. 1.20)
∵ PN = NR and PR QS (given) (a) ∵ PQ = RS, OM⊥PQ and
∴ QS is the perpendicular bisector of the chord PR. ON⊥RS given
∴ QS passes through the centre. (⊥bisector of chord ∴ OM = ON equal chords,
passes through centre) equidistant from centre
i.e. QS is a diameter of the circle. Consider △OMK and △ONK.
Let O and r cm be the centre and the radius of the circle ∠OMK =∠ONK = 90° given
respectively. OK = OK common side
OM = ON proved
∴ △OMK △ONK RHS
(b) ∵ △OMK △ONK proved in (a)
∴ MK = NK corr. sides, △s
∵ OM⊥PQ
∴ PM = MQ line from centre chord
Join OP. bisects chord
∴ OP r cm and ON = (r 1) cm ∵ ON⊥RS
In △OPN, ∴ RN = NS line from centre chord
(Pyth. theorem) bisects chord
∵ PQ = RS given
∴ 2MQ = 2RN
i.e. MQ = RN
ce
Quick Practice 1.4 (p. 1.19)
∵ PQ = RS, OM⊥PQ and ON⊥RS (given)
∴ OM = ON (equal chords, equidistant from centre)
Reflex ∠AOC = 360° − 118° (∠s at a pt.)
= 242°
(∠ at centre twice ∠ at
∵ OM⊥PQ
ce
In △ABC,
Join OQ.
In △MOQ, ( sum of △)
(Pyth. theorem)
(ext. of △)
7
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
⊙ )
ce
(∠ in semi-circle)
In △ACB,
( sum
of △)
of △)
8
1 Basic Properties of Circles
at a pt.)
∵ given
9
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
(b) In △BAD,
(∠ sum
(∠s at a pt.)
of △)
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
(arcs prop. to
ce
∠s at ⊙ )
ce
ce
(b) ∵ (given)
∴ (arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
ce
In △KBC,
(ext. of △)
10
1 Basic Properties of Circles
∵ (radii)
(vert. opp. s)
∴ (base. ∠s, isos. △)
In △DCE, In △AOB,
(ext. of △) (ext. ∠ of △)
(b) ∵
11
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
Further Practice
Further Practice (p. 1.21)
1.
chord)
OA = 5 cm (radius)
In △OMA,
(Pyth. theorem)
∵ ON⊥CD
chord)
OD = 5 cm (radii)
In △OND,
(Pyth. theorem)
2. (a) ∵ AM = BM given
∴ OM⊥AB line joining centre to
mid-pt. of chord
chord
∵ AB CD, OM AB given
and ON CD
∴ OM ON equal chords,
equidistant from centre
MPN APC 90 vert. opp. s
∴ MON 90 sum of polygon
∵ All four interior angles
are equal to 90 and
two adjacent sides are
equal.
∴ ONPM is a square.
12
1 Basic Properties of Circles
( at centre twice at
⊙ )
ce
( in semi-circle)
In △ACD,
∠CAD + ∠ADC + ∠ACD = 180° ( sum of △)
∠CAD + 90° + 55° = 180°
∠CAD = 35°
∵ AC is the angle bisector of ∠BAD.
∴ ∠BAC = ∠CAD
= 35°
∠BDC = ∠BAC (s in the same segment)
1. (arcs prop. to ∠s at
centre)
∵ (diameters)
13
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
(arcs prop. to ∠s at ⊙ )
2. (a) Consider △ABC and △ADC.
ce
∵ given
∵ given
(arcs prop. to ∠s
cyclic quad.
∴ AC is a diameter of converse of ∠ in
the circle. semi-circle
at ⊙ )
ce
In △ACE,
( sum
of △)
Join AD.
∵ (radii)
∴ (base. ∠s, isos. △)
In △AOD,
(∠ sum
of △)
14
1 Basic Properties of Circles
ce
(ext. ∠, cyclic
quad.)
Exercise
∵ ON⊥EF (given)
∴ NF = EN (line from centre ⊥ chord bisects chord)
= 8 cm
∴
i.e. x =
2.
∵ PH = HQ = 9 cm
∴ OH⊥PQ (line joining centre to mid-pt. of
chord chord)
∴
3. ∵ CN = ND
∴ ON⊥CD (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord
chord)
∴
In △OND,
( sum
of △)
15
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
5. ∵ CQ = QD (given)
∴ OQ⊥CD (line joining centre to mid-pt.
of chord chord)
6. ∵ OP AB and OQ CD (given)
∴ PB AP and CQ = QD (line from centre chord
bisects chord)
∴
and
7. ∵ ON AB (given)
∴
Join OB.
In △NOB,
(Pyth. theorem)
8.
Join OB.
(radii)
∵ AN = NB (given)
∴ ON AB (line joining centre to mid-pt. of
chord chord)
16
1 Basic Properties of Circles
In △ONB,
(Pyth. theorem)
10. ∵ AM = MB (given)
∴ OM⊥AB (line joining centre to mid-pt. of
chord chord)
∴ ∠AMO = 90°
∵ AN = NC (given)
∴ ON⊥AC (line joining centre to mid-pt. of
chord chord)
∴ ∠ANO = 90°
11. ∵ CM = MD (given)
∴ OM⊥CD (line joining centre to mid-pt.
of chord chord)
∴ ∠OMC = 90°
∵ OB = OC (radii)
∴ (base ∠s, isos. △)
(ext. ∠
of △)
17
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
15. ∵ AM = MB (given)
(radii)
∴ OM AB (line joining centre to mid-pt. of
chord chord)
In △OMB,
In △CON, (Pyth. theorem)
(Pyth. theorem)
Join OD.
(radii)
In △OND,
(Pyth. theorem)
∵ ON⊥CD (given)
∴ CN = ND (line from centre chord bisects
= 4 cm chord)
Join OD.
In △OQD, ∴
(Pyth. theorem)
18
1 Basic Properties of Circles
∵ ON AB (by construction)
∴
Join OD.
OD = (radii)
= 5 cm In △OAN,
∵ CM = MD (given) (Pyth. theorem)
∴ OM⊥CD (line joining centre to mid-pt. of
chord chord)
∴ ∠OMD = 90°
In △OMD,
(Pyth. theorem)
∴ Distance between AB and CD
In △OMB,
19
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
In △OMB,
In △OMD,
∴ The radius of the circle is 17 cm.
(Pyth. theorem)
21. ∵ BM = MC (given)
∴ OM⊥BC (line joining centre to mid-pt. of
chord chord)
22.
In △OMA,
(Pyth. theorem)
In △OMC,
(Pyth. theorem)
OD = OA = 15 cm (radii)
20
1 Basic Properties of Circles
ME = OM = 6 cm (property of square)
MB = AM
= 8 cm
24.
Join OB.
OB = 13 cm (radius)
In △OMB,
(Pyth. theorem)
∵ ON CD (by construction)
∴
∴ ONKM is a rectangle.
∴ NK = OM (property of rectangle)
21
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
25.
∵ ON AB (by construction)
∴
In △OCM,
(Pyth. theorem)
In △OAN,
(Pyth. theorem)
In △AED,
22
1 Basic Properties of Circles
(ii)
Join OD.
Let r cm be the radius of the circle.
OD = OA = r cm (radii)
OE = AE OA
= (16 r) cm
In △OED,
(Pyth. theorem)
∴ OA =
(b) AB =
= 25 cm
Join BD.
In △EBD,
Pyth. theorem
∵
∴ △ABD is a right-angled converse of Pyth.
triangle, where AD⊥BD. theorem
23
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
(b) ∵ AB = AC and BP = PC
∴ AP BC (prop. of isos. △)
∵ OM AB (given)
∴ MB = AM (line from centre chord
= 6 cm bisects chord)
(proved in (a))
(given)
∵ AC = BC, ON AC and OP BC
∴ OP = ON = (equal chords,
equidistant from centre)
Alternative Solution
Join OB.
Let r cm be the radius of the circle and OP = a cm.
In △APB,
(Pyth. theorem)
In △OPB,
(Pyth. theorem)
∴ OP =
24
(line from centre ⊥ chord
bisects chord)
In △ORM,
(Pyth. theorem)
Join OD. =
OD = OP = 3 cm (radii)
In △OND, = 3.9 m
(Pyth. theorem) OF = AO = 6.5 m (radii)
In △GOF,
(Pyth. theorem)
∵ ON CD (given)
∴ CN = ND (line from centre ⊥ chord
bisects chord) New height of the tunnel
∴
∵ MN = NC and BD MC
Draw a line AB such that it passes through O and ∴ BD is the perpendicular bisector of the chord
AB⊥CD. Then, AB is the height of the tunnel, CM.
i.e. AB = 9 m and CD = 12 m. ∴ BD passes through the centre of the circle.
Join OD. (⊥bisector of chord passes through centre)
i.e. BD is a diameter of the circle.
25
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
In △BCN,
(Pyth. theorem)
Join OC.
Let r cm be the radius of the circle.
(radii)
In △OCN,
(Pyth. theorem)
(ii)
AD = BC = 10 cm (property of rectangle)
(Pyth.
theorem)
26
1 Basic Properties of Circles
4. (∠ in semi-circle)
In △ABC,
theorem) (ext. ∠ of △)
In △HCP,
(Pyth.
theorem)
(∠ at centre twice ∠ at ⊙ )
ce
2. (∠ at centre twice
∠ at ⊙ )
ce
(∠s at a pt.)
3. (∠ at centre twice ∠ at
⊙ )
ce
∵ (radii)
∴ (base ∠s, isos. △)
In △AOB,
(∠ sum
27
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
5. ∵ (given)
∴ (base s, isos. △)
∴ (base∠s. isos. △)
(∠ in semi-circle)
In △CAB,
(∠ sum
of △)
(∠ in semi-circle)
segment)
(ext. ∠ of △)
(ext. of △)
segment)
(alt. ∠s, BA // CD)
In △ECD,
(ext.∠ of △)
at
☉ )
ce
∵ OC = OA (radii)
∴ (base s, isos. △)
∵ OB = OC (radii)
28
1 Basic Properties of Circles
(∠ sum
11. (alt. ∠s, AB // CO)
(∠ at centre twice ∠ at
of △)
15. (∠ in semi-circle)
∵ (given)
⊙ ) ∴ (base ∠s, isos. △)
In △ABD,
ce
(∠ sum
(alt. ∠s, AB // CO)
In △ABE, of △)
(ext. ∠ of △)
segment)
⊙ )
ce
∵ (given)
∴ (base ∠s, isos. △)
In △CDB,
(∠ sum
of △)
(∠ in semi-circle)
14. In △BDE,
(ext. ∠ of △)
segment)
(∠ in semi-circle)
In △ACD,
29
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
∴ ( sum
Level 2
16. (∠s in the same segment)
∵ (radii)
∴ (base ∠s, isos. △)
(∠ in semi-circle)
In △DBC,
(∠ sum
of △)
OD)
(∠ in semi-circle)
In △ABC,
(∠ sum
of △)
(∠ at centre twice ∠ at
⊙ )
ce
18. Let .
∵ DC = DA (given)
∴ DCA = x (base s, isos. △)
∵ BD = BC (given)
∴ (base s, isos. △)
30
1 Basic Properties of Circles
Join BC.
(∠s in the same
segment)
of △
∵ BM = CM given
∴ base ∠s,
isos. △
In △CBM,
∠
sum of △
21. (a)
Join AB.
(∠ in semi-circle)
31
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
∵ (given)
∴ (base ∠s, isos. △)
25. (a) ∵ OABC is a parallelogram. given
In △CBD, and OA = OC radii
( ∴ OABC is a rhombus.
sum of △)
22. Let .
(alt. ∠s, AB // CD)
(∠s in the same segment)
(∠ in semi-circle)
In △ACD,
(∠ sum
of △)
∴ ∠ABC =
at ☉ )
ce
In △BCE,
(ext. of △)
segment)
In △ABK,
(ext. ∠ of △)
32
1 Basic Properties of Circles
△
(b) Reflex (s at a pt.)
☉ce)
circle
∴ BCE = EAD
(b) ABE = ADE (s in the same segment)
∴
26. (a) ∵ DO BE
∴ BK = EK line from centre chord
bisects chord
Consider △BKD and △EKD.
BK = EK proved
BKD = EKD = 90° given
DK = DK common side
∴ △BKD △EKD SAS
∴ corr. s, △s
∠s in the same ∴ It is impossible that △BCE ~ △EAD.
segment Exercise 1C (p. 1.49)
∴ Level 1
(b) Let BAD = x. 1. (∠s at a pt.)
In △ACD,
(ext. of △)
∴
at centre)
27. With the notation in the figure,
2. ∵ (given)
∴ (equal chords,
equal ∠s)
Join CD.
Let .
∴
∠BCD = ∠BAD s in the same
=x segment
In △DCQ,
∠ sum of
∵ (given)
33
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
5. In △ABC,
( sum
3. (arcs prop. to s at
of △)
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
centre)
ce
( at centre twice at
6. ∵ (given)
☉ )
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
ce
4. (arcs prop. to ∠s at ⊙ )
ce
34
1 Basic Properties of Circles
(adj.
s on st. line)
centre)
8. In △BCD,
( sum
In △BDE,
(ext. of △) at
☉ )
ce
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
to s at ☉ )
ce
ce
In △ABC,
( sum
of △)
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
ce
35
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
∴ (arcs prop. to s at
(b) (arcs prop. to s at
☉ce)
☉ )
∵
ce
∴ (arcs prop. to s at
12. ∵ ☉ce)
∴ (arcs prop. to s at ∴ , ,
☉ce) Level 2
13.
∴
Join BC.
(s in the same segment)
In △ABC,
( sum of △)
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
ce
36
1 Basic Properties of Circles
14. ∵ (given)
∴ (base s, isos. △)
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
In △ABD,
(∠ sum ce
of △)
In △CAD,
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ ) (∠ sum
ce
of △)
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
ce
ce
sum of △)
17. ∵ AB = AD = CD (given)
arcs)
and
37
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
of △)
△)
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
18. (a) (arcs prop. to s at
ce
☉ )
ce
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
(b) (arcs prop. to s at
ce
☉ )
ce
∴ BAC = CAD
∵ OC = OA radii
∴ base s, isos. △
∴ OC // AD alt. s equal
20. (a)
38
1 Basic Properties of Circles
∴ arcs prop. to s at
( at centre twice
☉ce
∴
∴ sides opp. equal ∠s
at
☉ ) 22. (a)
ce
pt.)
Join AE and ED.
∠AED = 90° ( in semi-circle)
( at centre
twice at ☉ )
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
ce
In △CDE,
(
ce
sum of △)
21. (a) ∵ AB = CD
ce
(b)
Join AD.
39
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
(arcs prop. to s
In △BDF,
(ext. of △)
at ☉ ) In △ACG,
(ext. of △)
ce
(ext. of △)
∴ ( sum of △)
(b)
(c)
quad.)
quad.)
40
1 Basic Properties of Circles
In △BCD,
(∠ sum of △) 4. (alt. ∠s, AD // BC)
In △BCE,
( sum
of △)
6. (a) In △ACD,
(ext. of △)
In △DEF,
(
sum of △)
ce
cyclic quad.)
In △ABP,
41
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
( sum In △BCE,
( sum
of △)
of △)
∵ EC = EB (given)
∴ (base s, isos. △)
cyclic quad.)
quad.)
10. In △CAD,
(
sum of △)
∵ (given)
In △ABC,
42
1 Basic Properties of Circles
( In △ACD,
(∠ sum
sum of △)
of △)
Level 2
11. Let .
∵ AC is an angle bisector of ∠EAB. In △ABD,
∴ (∠ sum
(ext. ∠, cyclic quad.)
12. In △ACD,
(∠ sum of
△)
quad.)
(opp. s,
cyclic quad.)
13.
Join AD.
ABC + CDA = 180 opp. s, cyclic quad.
ADE = 90 in semi-circle
ABC + CDE
(ext. , cyclic
quad.)
43
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
⊙ )
ce
~△s)
17.
Join DC.
( at centre twice
at ⊙ )
ce
quad.)
18.
Join AD.
44
1 Basic Properties of Circles
Join AB.
∵ OD = OA (radii)
(ext. , cyclic quad.)
∴ ∠ODA = ∠OAD (base s, isos. △)
= 65°
(s in the same segment)
(opp. s, cyclic
quad.)
, cyclic quad.
sum of △
(ext. of △)
cyclic quad.
In △ABC,
45
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
∵
∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic. (ext. int. opp. )
2. In △DCE,
(
sum of △)
∵
∴ A, B, C and D are not concyclic.
Alternative Solution
In △ABE,
( sum
of △)
∵
∴ A, B, C and D are not concyclic.
3. In △BCD,
(
sum of △)
∵ CAD = CBD
∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic.
(converse of s in the same segment)
4. (a) ∵
46
1 Basic Properties of Circles
on st. line
∵ APM = AOM
∴ A, O, P and M are concyclic. converse of s in
In △ABG, the same segment
(b) (s in the same segment)
∵ OA = OP (radii)
sum of △
∴ (base s, isos. △)
17. (a)
sum of △)
(b)
20.
In AEFB,
opp. s, cyclic quad.
∴ CGE = BFE
BFE = BDH ext. , cyclic quad.
∴ CDH = CGE
∴ C, G, H and D are concyclic. ext. = int. opp.
48
1 Basic Properties of Circles
(b)
segment
∵ AM = MB and AP = PC given
∴ MP // BC mid-pt. theorem
∴ corr. s,
MP // BC
∵ NP AC proved in (a)
∴ APN = 90
22. (a)
∴ ext. of △
∵ ∠COB = ∠CDB
∴ B, C, D and O are concyclic. converse of s in the
same segment
(b) With the notation in the figure,
∵ BM = CM given
∴ OM BC line joining centre to
mid-pt. of chord chord
∴ OM is the
perpendicular bisector
of BC.
∴ OM passes through
49
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
2. ∵ OM ⊥ AB(given)
∴ (line from centre chord bisects
chord)
In △OMB,
(Pyth. theorem)
∵ AB = AC, OM ⊥ AB and ON ⊥ AC
∴ ON = OM (equal chords, equidistant from centre)
= 1 cm
∴
3. ∵ BC = AB
( at centre twice at
☉ )
ce
In △ACD,
( sum
of △)
6. For I,
∠AOC = 2∠ABC ( at centre twice at ☉ce)
∴ I is true.
For II,
∠BCD = ∠BAD (s in the same segment)
∵ OC = OD (radii)
50
1 Basic Properties of Circles
7. For I,
∵ ∠ACB = ∠ADB
∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
(converse of s in the same segment)
For II,
In △BCD,
∠BCD + ∠BDC + ∠DBC = 180° ( sum of △)
∠BCD + 63° + 31° = 180°
∠BCD = 86°
∵ ∠BCD = ∠EAD
∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
(ext. = int. opp. )
For III,
∵ ∠DAB + ∠DCB = 108° + 82°
= 190°
2. ( at centre twice
at
⊙ )
ce
(ext. of △)
(ext. of △)
51
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
ce ∵ AM = MB
∴ OM AB (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord
chord)
∠AMD = 90°
(ext. of △)
In △ABC,
∠BAC + ∠ABC + ∠ACB = 180° ( sum of △)
∠BAC + 86° + 32° = 180°
∠BAC = 62°
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
ce
7.
Join OF.
(radii)
(property of rectangle)
In △OGF,
(Pyth. theorem)
52
1 Basic Properties of Circles
∵ OG FE (given)
8. (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
∴ GE = FG (line from centre chord bisects
= 8 cm chord)
∴
(arcs prop. to s at ⊙ )
ce
In △ABC,
(
sum of △)
9.
Join BE.
∠AEB = 90° ( in semi-circle)
( at centre twice
at ☉ )
ce
In △OCD,
∠ODE = ∠DOC + ∠DCO (ext. of △)
= 26° + 24°
10. In △AED,
∠EDF = ∠AED + ∠EAD (ext. of △)
=e+a
∠FCD = ∠BAD (ext. ∠, cyclic quad.)
=a
In △FCD,
∠CFD + ∠CDF + ∠FCD = 180° ( sum of △)
∠CFD + (e + a) + a = 180°
11.
53
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
⊙ )
ce
( in semi-circle)
In △BCE,
(b)
Join AD.
∠BAD + ∠BCD = 180° (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
(∠OAD + 65°) + 65° = 180°
∠OAD = 50°
∵ OD = OA (radii)
∴ ∠ODA = ∠OAD (base s, isos. △)
= 50°
∠ADC + ∠ABC = 180° (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
(∠ODC + 50°) + 115° = 180°
= 625 cm2
∵ AB2 + BC2 = AC2
∴ ∠ABC = 90° converse of Pyth. theorem
∴ AC is a diameter converse of in
of the circle. semi-circle
(b) ∵ M is the mid-point of AC.
∴ M is the centre of the circle ABCD.
∴ (radii)
∵ (given)
54
1 Basic Properties of Circles
(Pyth. theorem)
15. (adj. s on st. line)
( at centre twice at
☉ )
ce
In △AKO,
(
sum of △)
In △OFD,
(Pyth.
theorem)
(b)
Join AB.
∵ OF = OE, OE AC (proved in (a))
and OF CD (proved in (a))
∴ AC = CD (chords equidistant
= 12 cm from centre are equal)
∵ OE AC (given)
(radii)
55
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
17.
sum of △
∵
∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. ext. = int. opp.
(b) In △ACD,
(ext. of △)
segment)
s at ⊙ce
∴
i.e. ∠PBQ = ∠PAQ
∴ P, A, B and Q are concyclic. converse of s in the
same segment
Level 2
56
1 Basic Properties of Circles
chord)
22.
In △OMC,
(Pyth. theorem)
∴ BC = BM + MC
= (2.5 + 2.5) cm
57
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
( at centre twice
at ☉ )
ce
of △)
25.
Join OD.
∠OAD = ∠AOB (alt. ∠s, AD // BO)
= 24°
∵ OD = OA (radii)
∴ ∠ODA = ∠OAD (base s, isos. △)
= 24°
In △ODA,
∠DOA + ∠OAD + ∠ODA = 180° ( sum of △)
∠DOA + 24° + 24° = 180°
∠DOA = 132°
( at centre twice at
☉ )
ce
= 156°
58
1 Basic Properties of Circles
In ABOE, 27.
∠BAF + ∠ABC + ∠COE + ∠OEF =
( sum of polygon)
∠BAF + 102° + 156° + 38° = 360°
Join MN.
ABM = MNC (ext. , cyclic quad.)
AEM = MND (ext. , cyclic quad.)
∵ MNC + MND = 180 (adj. s on st. line)
∴
In ABME,
( sum of polygon)
28.
Join BE.
In △BEK,
( sum
of △)
59
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
29. (a) (arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
ce
ce
∴ (corr. sides, ~
△s)
∵ (arcs prop. to s
at ⊙ce)
∴
∴ sides opp. equal
s
isos. △)
( in
semi-circle)
In △BDE,
(
sum of △)
In △ABD,
(ext. of △)
33. (a)
Join OC.
(arcs prop. to s at
61
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
centre)
∵ OA = OC (radii)
∴ (base s, isos. △)
In △OAC,
( ( at centre twice
sum of △)
(b) at
⊙ )
ce
(arcs prop. to s at ⊙ )
Join OB and AD.
ce
∵
In △ADE,
(
sum of △)
line
adj. s
on st. line
∵
∴ BEFD is a cyclic converse of s
quadrilateral. in the same segment
(b) (s in the same
segment)
(s in the same
segment)
In △BDF,
62
1 Basic Properties of Circles
( sum of △) = 35° + a
∠DEB + ∠EBC = 180° (int. ∠s, ED // BC)
100° + ∠EBC = 180°
∴ ∠EBC = 80°
(ext. of △)
36. (a) ∵ given
sum of △
s, cyclic quad.
s on st. line
∴ BC = BE sides opp. equal s
37. (a)
Join DE.
(s in the same
segment)
∵ CE = CD (given)
Join BE. ∴ (base s, isos. △)
In BCDE,
∠DEB + ∠BCD = 180° (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
∠DEB + 80° = 180°
∠DEB = 100°
( at centre twice
at
☉ )
ce
(b)
In △CDE,
(
sum of △)
(int. s,
BA // CD) OM
39. (a) ∠BAC = ∠ABC = ∠ACB = 60° prop. of equil. △ ∴ The shortest distance from O on AB is
∠CDE = ∠ABC = 60° ext. ∠, cyclic quad. 40. (a) ∠BAC = 90° in semi-circle
∠CED = ∠BAC = 60° ext. ∠, cyclic quad. ∠ACD = 90° in semi-circle
∵ ∠CDE = ∠CED = ∠DCE ∵ ∠BAC + ∠ACD = 90° + 90°
∴ △CDE is an equilateral = 180°
triangle. ∴ AB // CD int. ∠s supp.
(b) (b) (i) Let ∠ABC = a.
∠BCD = ∠ABC = a (alt. ∠s, AB // CD)
∠EDC = ∠BCD = a (alt. ∠s, BC // DE)
∠ADC = ∠ABC = a (s in the same segment)
∠COE = 2∠CDE ( at centre twice at ☉ce)
= 2a
(∵ AC = AB = 10 cm) centre)
In △ACM,
∠MCA + ∠CAM + ∠AMC = 180° ( sum of △) In △COD,
∠MCA + 60° + 90° = 180° ∠CDO + ∠DCO + ∠COD = 180° ( sum of △)
∠MCA = 30° a + a + (2a + 4a) = 180°
∵ OF AC (by construction) a = 22.5°
∴
(line from centre ⊥ chord
∴ bisects chord) (ii) ∠ACF = 90° in semi-circle
∠DOF = 4a
FC = 90°
∵ ∠ACF = ∠DOF
∴ ACFO is a cyclic ext. int. opp.
quadrilateral.
In △COF,
(c) ∵ ∠ACF = 90°
∴ AF is a diameter of the circle converse of
passing through A, C, F and O. in semi-circle
64
1 Basic Properties of Circles
(ii)
Join OA.
∠ODA + ∠ODE = 180° (adj. s on st. line)
∠ODA + 2a = 180°
∠ODA = 180° 2(72°)
= 36°
∵ OA = OD (radii)
∴ ∠OAD = ∠ODA (base s, isos. △)
= 36°
∠OAB = ∠EAB ∠OAD
= 72° 36°
= 36°
∵ ∠OAB = ∠OAD
∴ OA is the angle bisector of ∠EAB.
∴ corr. sides, ~ △s
i.e.
(ii) ∵ OL AB given
∴ AL = LB line from centre
chord bisects chord
∵ ON CD given
∴ CN = ND line from centre
chord bisects chord
65
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
△CNM.
Area of △AOB
from (a)(i)
2. Answer: B
For I,
∵ CQ = QD (given)
LAM = NCM s in the same segment ∴ PQ CD (line joining centre to mid-pt. of
∴ △ALM ~ △CNM ratio of 2 sides, inc. chord chord)
(b) ∴ I is true.
For II,
∵ AB = CD, OP AB and OQ CD
∴ OP = OQ (equal chords, equidistant from centre)
∴ II is true.
Join OM, OR and OW. For III,
∵ PM = MQ given ∵ OP AB (given)
∴ OM PQ line joining centre to (line from centre chord bisects chord)
mid-pt. of chord chord
∴
∵
∴ RLOM is a cyclic
In △AOP,
quadrilateral. opp. s supp.
(Pyth. theorem)
ROM = RLM s in the same segment
in general.
Multiple Choice Questions (p. 1.83)
1. Answer: B
∴ I may not be true.
∵ OC AB (given)
For II,
∴ CB = AC = 2 cm (line from centre chord
bisects chord)
In △OAC,
(Pyth. theorem)
66
1 Basic Properties of Circles
For III,
( in
semi-circle)
∵ AC = CB (proved in II)
∴ CBA = CAB (base s, isos. △)
∵ In △ABC,
(
sum of △)
5. Answer: B
∠ADC + ∠ABC = 180°(opp. s, cyclic quad.)
∠ADC + 120° = 180°
∠ADC = 60°
(arcs prop. to s at
☉ )
ce
6. Answer: B
∠BCD + ∠BAD = 180° (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
∠BCD + 100° = 180°
∠BCD = 80°
In △BCD,
∠CBD + ∠BCD + ∠BDC = 180° ( sum of △)
∠CBD + 80° + 70° = 180°
∠CBD = 30°
∵ AD = CD
67
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
8. Answer: A
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
ce
Join BD.
( in semi-circle)
( at centre twice at
7. Answer: B
∠ADC + ∠ABC = 180° (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
∠ADC =
∠ACD + ∠AED = 180° (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
∠ACD = ⊙ )
In △ACD,
∠ACD + ∠ADC + ∠CAD = 180° ( sum of △) ce
9. Answer: D
Join AQ.
∠AQB = 90° ( in semi-circle)
∠AQP = ∠AQB ∠PQB
= 90° 44°
= 46°
∠QAB = ∠QPB (s in the same segment)
= 72°
∴ y = ∠QAB + ∠AQP (ext. of △)
= 72° + 46°
10. Answer: C
(s in the same segment)
In △CDP,
∴ C must be true.
68
1 Basic Properties of Circles
11. Answer: B
(opp. s, cyclic quad.)
∵ OD = OC (radii)
∴ (base s, isos. △)
(corr. s, BA //
OD)
In △OCD,
∠DOC + ∠ODC + ∠OCD = 180° ( sum of △)
∴ B must be true.
12. Answer: D
For I,
ADE + DEB = 180 (int. s, AD // BE)
∵ ABE = DEB (given)
∴ ADE + ABE = 180
∴ ABED is a cyclic quadrilateral. (opp. s supp.)
∴ I is true.
For II,
DEB = EFC (corr. s, BE // CF)
∵ ABE = DEB (given)
∴ ABE = EFC
∴ BCFE is a cyclic quadrilateral. (ext. = int. opp. )
∴ II is true.
For III,
ABE + BAD = 180 (int. s, AD // BE)
∵ DFC = ABE (ext. , cyclic quad.)
∴ DFC + BAD = 180
∴ ACFD is a cyclic quadrilateral. (opp. s supp.)
∴ III is true.
∴ The answer is D.
13. Answer: A
∵ O is the circumcentre of △ABC.
∴ There is a circle with centre O passing through A, B
and C.
∴ ( at centre twice at
☉ )
ce
∵ ∠ACB = ∠ADB
∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
(converse of s in the same segment)
∠DAB = ∠DCB (s in the same segment)
= 38°
∵ OA = OB (radii)
∴ ∠OAB = ∠OBA (base s, isos. △)
In △AOB,
∠OAB + ∠OBA + ∠AOB = 180° ( sum of △)
2∠OAB + 110° = 180°
∠OAB = 35°
69
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
2.
Join OE.
∵ OE = AE
∴ ∠EOA = ∠EAO (base s, isos. △)
= 20°
∠OED = ∠EOA + ∠EAO (ext. of △)
= 20° + 20°
= 40°
∵ OD = OE (radii)
∴ ∠ODE = ∠OED (base s, isos. △)
= 40°
In △AOD,
∠DOC = ∠DAO + ∠ODA (ext. of △)
x° = 20° + 40°
3. Let ∠CAD = b.
In △CAD,
∠ACD + ∠CAD + ∠ADC = 180° ( sum of △)
∠ACD + b + 90° = 180°
∠ACD =
∠BAC = 90° ( in semi-circle)
∠BAD
∠ABD (ext.
of △)
70
1 Basic Properties of Circles
4.
Join BE.
∠BEC = 90° ( in semi-circle)
∠BEA + ∠BEC = 180° (adj. s on st. line)
∠BEA + 90° = 180°
∠BEA = 90°
(Pyth. theorem)
Let ∠BEF = b.
In △EBF,
∠EBF + ∠BEF + ∠BFE = 180° ( sum of △)
∠EBF + b + 90° = 180°
∠EBF =
∠CEF
∠ECF (ext. of △)
Exam Focus
Exam-type Questions (p. 1.87)
1. (a) (i) ∵ H is the orthocentre of △ABC.
∴ ∠APB = 90°
∴ AB is a diameter of the circle passing
through A, P and B.
(converse of in semi-circle)
∵ E is the mid-point of AB.
∴ E is the centre of the circle.
∴ E is the circumcentre of △APB.
of △APB.
∴ EB = EP corr. sides, ~△s
∴ ∠EBP = ∠EPB base s, isos. △
(b)
72
1 Basic Properties of Circles
Join EC.
In △ABC,
∠BAC + ∠ACB + ∠ABC = 180° ( sum of △)
∠BAC + 47° + 70° = 180°
∠BAC = 63°
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
ce
6. Answer: B
Join AD.
( at centre twice at
☉ )
ce
73
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
7. Answer: A
∵ AD = BD (given)
∴ OD AB (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord
chord)
OA = OC (radii)
= (8 + 9) cm
= 17 cm
In △AOD,
(Pyth. theorem)
8. Answer: A
For I,
∵ BD is the angle bisector of ∠OBC.
∴ ∠CBE = ∠OBD
∵ OD = OB (radii)
∴ ∠ODB = ∠OBD (base s, isos. △)
∴ ∠ODE = ∠CBE
∠OED = ∠CEB (vert. opp. s)
In △DOE,
∠DOE ( sum of
△)
( sum of △)
∴ △OED ~ △CEB (AAA)
∴ I is true.
For II,
∵ There is not sufficient data to show
△OBD ~ △CBD.
∴ II may not be true.
For III,
∵ There is not sufficient data to show
△BOE ~ △DCE.
∴ III may not be true.
∴ The answer is A.
74