What is meant by a rural settlement?

A rural settlement is a small settlement in the countryside consisting only a few houses.

Describe the main features of an area of dispersed rural settlement?

They are separated by the countryside mainly surrounded by farmlands, very less services
are available. Low population density where buildings are scattered.

Suggest reasons for the growth of a nucleated settlement?

In nucleated settlement there are no restrictions for development in any directions, roads
from all sides meet together .

What do you mean by population explosion?

When there is a sudden rise in the population causing high birth rate and low death rate.

Overpopulation defined?
If the number of people living in an area is greater than the resources and technology
available to maintain an adequate standard of living, it is overpopulated.
India, Bangladesh,Pakistan

Optimum population defined?

The population that maintains the balance between the resources and the living spaces for
the people.
America

Under population defined?

The number of people living in an area is lesser than it’s resources available then the area
can be described under -populated.
Canada and Australia

Difference between compacted , linear, scattered settlement?

compacted/ nucleated- where the bulbings are closed to each other often from a
cluster sharp around a central point.
Linear- where groups of buildings are formed in a long chain. these types of
settlements are along the road or a river or a canal.
scattered/dispersed - dispersed patterns are often found in upland areas where
settlement is difficult.
 DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY?
Demographic transition theory was found by W.S Thompson and Frank W
Noetestein. It was first experienced in North America, Europe, Australia and was
found in the 18th century.This process was divided into 3 stages and later the Sax
divided this transition model into 4 stages.

STAGE 1- this stage is known as pre-modern era. High birth rate and high death
rate. In the first stage these 2 rates were approximately equal.
● Lack of education
● Poor health care facility
● Lack of technology
● Urban development is limited
● Large families were an economic asset

Stage 2- this stage is known as urbanizing and industrialization era. High birth rate
and declining death rate.
● Improvement in the health care causing declining death rate
● Fertility maintains high level
● urbanizing, industrialization and modernization gain importance
● Large families were no longer an asset
● Tremendous growth was observed in population
● Countries like India,Pakistan, Nepal,Iran, Indonesia

Stage 3- this stage is known as Mature industrializing. Declining birth rates and low
death rates.
● Many family plans were brought like China brought one child policy
● Changing women status
● Increasing standard of living
● Growth of educated society was seen
● Low infant morality

Stage 4- this stage is known as the Post Industrial era. Low birth rate and low death
Rates.also we can observe that this stage is into equilibrium.
● Family size are common
● Education levels are high
● Degree of labour are high
● High living standards
● Population is stabled
● Countries like Anglo American ,Australia, Singapore, Hong Kong and
Japan