UNIT 9.

UNDERSEA WORLD

1. undersea (a) ['ʌndəsi:] : dưới mặt biển

2. ocean (n) ['əʊ∫n] : đại dương, biển
3. Pacific Ocean (n) [pə'sifik'ou∫n] : Thái Bình Dương
4. Atlantic Ocean (n) [ət'læntik'ou∫n] : Đại Tây Dương
5. Indian Ocean (n) ['indjən'ou∫n] : Ấn Độ Dương
6. Antarctic (a) [æn'tɑ:ktik] (thuộc) : Nam Cực
+ Antarctic Ocean (n) : Nam Băng Dương
7. Arctic (adj) ['ɑ:ktik] (thuộc): Bắc Cực
+ Arctic Ocean (n) : Bắc Băng Dương
8. gulf (n) [gʌlf] : vịnh.
 bay (n) :
Eg: the Gulf of Mexico : vịnh Mê-hi-cô
9. altogether (adv) [,ɔ:ltə'geđə] : hoàn toàn, đầy đủ
10. percent (n) [pə'sent] : phần trăm
+ percentage [pə'sentidʒ] : (n) tỷ lệ
11. surface (n) ['sə:fis] : bề mặt.
Eg: the surface of the ball: bề mặt của một quả bóng
12. century (n) ['sent∫əri] : thời kỳ 100 năm; thế kỷ.
Eg:The 20th century : Thế kỷ 20 (từ 1900 đến 1999)
13. mystery (n) ['mistəri] : điều huyền bí, điều thần bí
+ mysterious (adj)
14. Beneath(prep) [bi'ni:θ] : ở dưới, thấp kém
15. overcome -overcame- overcome(v) [,ouvə'kʌm]: thắng, chiến thắng
16. depth [depθ] (n) : chiều sâu, bề sâu.
Deep (a)
Eg: the depth of a river : chiều sâu của con sông
17. submarine (n) [,sʌbmə'ri:n] : (hàng hải) tàu ngầm
18. investigate (v) [in'vestigeit] : khám phá
Investigation (n)
Investigator (n)
Investigative (a)
19. seabed (n) ['si:'bed] : đáy biển
20. Sample(n) ['sɑ:mpl] : mẫu; vật mẫu
21. marine (adj) [mə'ri:n] (thuộc) : biển; gần biển
22. satellite (n) ['sætəlait] : vệ tinh
23. range (n) [reindʒ] loại.
Eg:a wide range of prices : đủ loại giá
24. include =to involve(v) [in'klu:d] : bao gồm, gồm có
25. temperature (n) ['temprət∫ə] : (viết tắt: temp) nhiệt độ (độ nóng, lạnh trong cơ
thể, phòng, nước..)
Eg:to keep the house at an even temperature : giữ ngôi nhà ở nhiệt độ đều đều
26. population(n) [,pɔpju'lei∫n] : dân cư
27. exist (v) [ig'zist] : đã sống; tồn tại
+ existence (n) [ig'zistəns] : sự tiếp tục cuộc sống; sự sống sót
28. Precious(adj) ['pre∫əs] quý, quý giá, quý báu.
Eg: precious metals : kim loại quý
29. fall into…(v) : được chia thành
30. bottom (n) ['bɔtəm] : phần dưới cùng; đáy; đáy biển.
31. Starfish(n) ['stɑ:fi∫] : (số nhiều: starfish) sao biển
32. Shark(n) [∫ɑ:k] : cá mập
+ man-eating shark: cá mập trắng
33. independently (adv) [,indi'pendəntli] : độc lập
34. current (n) ['kʌrənt] : dòng (nước)
35. organism (n) ['ɔ:gənizm] : cơ thể; sinh vật
Eg: He 's studying the organisms in water : ông ta đang nghiên cứu các sinh vật ở dưới nước
36. carry along (v) : cuốn theo
37. jellyfish (n) ['dʒelifi∫] : con sứa
38. oversized (adj) ['ouvəsaizd] : quá khổ, ngoại khổ
39. contribute (v) [kən'tribju:t] : đóng góp, góp phần
40. biodiversity (n) [,baioui dai'və:siti] : đa dạng sinh học
41. maintain (v) [mein'tein] : duy trì
42. at stake : thua, đang lâm nguy, đang bị đe doạ
43. refer to (v) [ri'fə:] : quy, quy vào
44. balanced (adj) ['bælənst] : cân bằng, ổn định
45. analyse : analyze ['ænəlaiz] (v) ['ænəlaiz] : phân tích
46. experiment (n) [iks'periment] : cuộc thí nghiệm; cuộc thử nghiệm
CHUYỀN ĐỀ: CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
(CONDITIONAL SENTENCES)
1. Conditional sentences: TYPE 1:
a) Use: câu điều kiện loại 1 cũng được gọi là câu điều kiện có thực ở hiện tại. Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện
tại hoặc tương lai.
b) Form:
If + S + V1, S + Will(can,may) + Vo
Ex: If it is sunny,I will go fishing.
If she gets up late,she will miss the bus.
* Câu điều kiện mệnh lệnh
If S + V1,  V2
       – Dạng câu điều kiện này dùng để nêu một yêu cầu, một mệnh lệnh mà người nói muốn người nghe thực
hiện nếu điều kiện được nêu xảy ra.
       – Dạng câu mệnh lệnh chỉ có thể dùng với câu điều kiện loại I.
       – Cuối câu ta đặt một dấu chấm than, biểu thị cho thức mệnh lệnh.
       – Khi dùng dạng câu này, mệnh đề điều kiện vẫn giữ nguyên, riêng mệnh đề chính sẽ được chuyển thành
mệnh đề mệnh lệnh bằng cách sử dụng nguyên động từ và khuyết đi chủ ngữ.
Ex: If you meet him, tell him to write to me!
Ex: Don’t go outside the harbor if the wind is strong.
2. Conditional sentences:TYPE 2:
a) Use: câu điều kiện loại 2 dùng để diễn tả một hành động không có thật ở hiện tại.
b) Form:
If + S + V2/ed, S +Would (could, might..) + Vo.
c) Note: Động từ trong mệnh đề điều kiện nếu là động từ tobe thì ta dùng were cho tất cả cỏc chủ ngữ.
Ex. If I were you , I would go abroard.
If I knew his address, I would give it to you.
 3. Conditional sentences: TYPE 3.
a/ Use: Diễn tả hành động không có thật ở quá khứ.
b/ Form:
If +S +had +V3/ed, S + Would (could,might) + have + V3/ed.
Ex: If he had studied harder for that test,he would have passed it
4. Một số trường hợp câu điều kiện đặc biệt
a. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN KẾT HỢP
Form: If + S + had + V3/ed, S + would + V0
Ex: 1. If I hadn’t stayed up late last night, I wouldn’t be so tired now.
2. You wouldn’t be so hungry if you had had breakfast this morning
 Trong trường hợp này, mệnh đề If chia động từ ở loại 3, mệnh đề chính chia động từ ở loại 2
b. CẤU TRÚC ĐẢO NGỮ CỦA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
* Đảo ngữ ĐK loại 1
Should + S + V0, S + Will + V0
* Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2:
Were + S + (to + V0), S + Would + V0
If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book.
 Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book
* Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3:
Had + S + V3/ed, S + would have + V3/ed
Ex: If Ann had found the right buyer, she would have sold the house.
 Had Ann found the right buyer, she would have sold the house
* Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện kết hợp:
Had + S + V3/ed, S + would V0
c. CÁC CÁCH KHÁC ĐỂ DIỄN TẢ ĐIỀU KIỆN
* Imperative (mệnh lệnh) + or/and + S + V(simple future).
Ex: Prepare the lesson carefully or you will get a bad mark.
= If you don't prepare the lesson carefully, you will get a bad mark.
* Unless = If.... not (Trừ khi)
If he doesn’t come, I will bring this package to him
Unless he comes, I will bring this package to him
* In case
Trong mệnh đề theo sau In case thường dùng thì hiện tại đơn hoặc quá khứ đơn, KHÔNG dùng will hoặc
would
I always take an umbrella in case it rains
* With/Without/ But for
With/ Without/ But for + a noun/ a noun phrase
Ex: If you help me, I can finish this assignment
= With your help, I can finish this assignment
Without water, life wouldn’t exist
= If there were no water, life wouldn’t exist.
* As long as/ So long as/ Provided (that)/ Providing (that)/ On condition that + Clause (Miễn là/ với điều
kiện)
Ex: As long as you drive carefully, you can use my car.
= If you drive carefully, you can use my car.
* Otherwise (Nếu không thì): Dùng để thay thế cho vế If và liên quan đến một ý tưởng của câu trước.
(Trước Otherwise thường có dấu; hoặc dấu, sau otherwise)
Ex: You must read the instruction; otherwise, you don’t know how to do it
Grammar: Complete the conditional sentences by putting the verbs into the correct forms.
 Conditional sentences type 1
1. If you ____________ up too late, you’ll be very tired tomorrow. (stay)
2. If she____________me the money, I will help her. (give)
3. My friend will be annoyed if I ____________ on time. (not/ be)
4. If the phone ____________, can you answer it? (ring)
5. If my brother ____________enough money, he will buy a bike. (have)
6. If he ____________, he can meet you at the airport. (hurry)
7. If I find it, I ____________you. (tell)
8. If you don’t take my advice, you ____________ into trouble. (get)
9. He ____________good health if he gets up early. (get)
10. What ____________ you ____________if you have a boyfriend? (do)
11. If it ____________ raining, we ____________ out. (not stop/ not go)
12. Susan ____________ overweight if she ____________ too much. (be/ eat)
13. He ____________ in the examination if he ____________ too lazy. (fail/ be)
14. If Sue ____________ that book, she ____________ it to me. (buy/ give)
15. If you ____________ to the party, my parents ____________very happy. (come/ be)

 Conditional sentences type 2

1. If the technology ____________ available, we would be able to expand the business. (become)
2. If the patient ____________ smoking, he would be seriously ill. (not stop)
3. They would be offended if I ___________ to their party. (not do)
4. If I _______ his number, I would phone him. (know)
5. Liz would be very upset if I ____________ this ring. (lose)
6. If I had time, I ____________ to the beach with you this weekend. (go)
7. If she were me, she __________ for London to find a job. (leave)
8. If I sold my car, I _____________ much money for it. (not/ get)
9. If you took more exercise, you __________ better. (feel)
10. If they offered me the job, I think I ____________ it. (take)
11. If Today ______ Thursday, we ___________ swimming. (be/ go)
12. If he _______________ carelessly, he ______________ a serious accident. (not drive/ not have)
13. If I _________ a wallet in the street, I ___________ it to the police station. (find/ take)
14. If he ___________ hard, he __________ the final exam. (study/ not fail)
15. If he ___________ video film by night, he ________________ asleep by day. (not watch/ not feel)

 Conditional sentences type 3

1. If I ______________ how difficult the job was, I mightn’t have taken it. (know)
2. If he _______________ his money carelessly, he would not have become broke. (spend)
3. If you _____________ positively, we couldn't have continued with the project. (not contribute)
 4. A lot of people would have been out of work if the car factory ___________ down. (close)
5. If I ____________ you were in hospital, I would have come to see you. (know)
6. If the plane had not been diverted, they ________________ early. (arrive)
7. If the coffee had not been too hot, we ________________ it. (drink)
8. If John had studied harder, he ____________ his exam. (not fail)
9. If she had practiced more, she ____________ such mistakes. (not make)
10. If my uncle had not been poor, he ____________ that house. (buy)
11. I ____________ you sooner if someone ____________ me you were in the hospital. (visit/ tell)
12. She _____________ the party if I ____________ there. (not enjoy/ not be)
13. I ______________ the meeting if my car __________ down. (not miss/ not break)
14. If yesterday __________ a nice day, our picnic ____________ put off. (be/ not be)
15. We ______________ on holiday if we ____________ enough money. (go/ have)

TEST
I. PRONUNCIATION
A. Choose the word that has the underlined (letters) pronounced differ ently from the others.
1. a. gulf b surface c. submarine d. current
2. a. ocean b. undersea c. beneath d. deep
3. a. poor b. tour c. actual d. group ,
4. a. tiny b. device c. krill d. migrate
5. a. think b. depth c. further d. breathe
B. Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others.
6. a. maintins b. marine c. challenge d. device
7. a. investigate b. information c. submarine d. independent
8. a. organism b. environment c. temperature d. satellite
9. a. carnivore b. entrapment c. technology d. Atlantic
10. a. secret b. ocean c. migrate d. herbicide
II. VOCABULARY AND DEPRESSION
Choose one word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the underlined
word or phrase.
11. Some marine animals are dangerous to humans.
A. in the mountain B. in the ocean C. in the forest D. in the house
12. The floor was covered in tiny pieces of paper.
A. unimportant B. many C. very large D. extremely small
13. We had an accidental meeting with an old friend at the party last night.
A. unpleasant B. unexpected C. unlucky D. unacceptable
14. How many offsprings does a sperm whale usually have?
A. eggs B. mammals C. calves D. diets
15. He is always interested in the mysteries that lie beneath the blue depths of the ocean.
A. over B. under C. above D. on
16. Some whales migrate into warm waters to bear their_______
a. young b. diets c. calves d. young whales
17. Whales feed on krill.
a. tiny shellfish b. small fish c. sea plants d. small animals
18. _______ is the variety of different types of plant and animal life in a particular region.
a. Interaction b. Herbicide c. Environment d. Biodiversity
19. He is a _______ biologist. He spends all his life studying sea plants and animals.
a. ocean b. marine c. botany d. sea
20. _______ is a chemical used for killing- weeds.
a. Pesticide b. Herbicide c. Fertilizer d. Antibiotic
21. We all enjoyed the waters of Timor Sea and the coral reefs that lie _______
a. under b. behind c. beneath d. beside
22. Some tiny organisms are _______ along by the currents.
a. carried b. taken c. flowed d. moved
23. Sperm whales are _______ ,which means they eat meat.
a. herbivores b. carnivores c. omnivores d. mammals
24. Sperm whale population are at risk due to hunting.
a. in extinction b. in danger c. on the decrease d. in fewness
25. These birds_______ to North Africa in winter.
a. settle b. go c. relocate d. migrate
26. If modern technology did not exist, we would never have such precious information.
a. valuable b. precise c. confidential d. detailed
27. Some marine animals are dangerous to humans.
a. living in the mountain b. living in the ocean
c. living in the forest d. living in the house
28. The floor was covered in tiny pieces of paper.
a. unimportant b. many c. very large d. extremely small
29. Sperm whales and sharks are carnivores.
a. animals that live in the sea b. animals that only eat plants
c. fish that aren't born from eggs d. animals that eat meat
30. We enjoyed the warm water of the Gulf of Thailand.
a. a small sea
b. a large area of ocean almost surrounded by land
c. a part of the sea enclosed by a wide curve of the(shore
d. a large area of water surrounded by land
31. Human infants have a gestation period of nine months.
a. the time during which a human baby develops inside its mother
b. the time when a stomach digests food
c. the time of eating food
d. the time of growing up
32. We had an accidental meeting with an old friend at the party last night.
a. unpleasant b. unexpected c. unlucky d. unacceptable
33. How many offspring does a sperm whale usually have?
a. eggs b. mammals c. babies d. diets
34. The teacher had divided the students _________small groups before they did their task.
A. of B. for C. into D. in
35. The authority supplied the victims of the fire _________food, clothes, and money.
A. on B. for C. to D. with
36. Her work has enormously contributed _________the charity collection.
A. for B. on C. to D. in
III. Put the verb into the correct form.
37. If my grandfather ______________(be) still alive, he would be a hundred today.
38. I______________ (offer) to give you a lift if I had my car here.
39. Where ______________ (you/ choose) if you could live anywhere in the world?
40. If you______________ (drive) from London to Glasgow, which way would you go?
41. If I______________ (live) out of town, I______________(take) up the garden.
42. We______________ (not have) any money if we______________(not work).
43. I______________ (not mind) living in England if the weather______________ (be) better.
44. If I were you, I______________ (not wait), I______________(go) now.
45. If we______________(have) more reliable car, we______________(drive) to Spain rather than fly.
46. If Mr Morgan______________ (be) still head teacher, he ______________ (not permit) such bad
behaviour.
IV. Rewrite.
47. Alan always overeats at lunch because he never eats breakfast.
If Alan cite breakfast, he wouldn't overeat at lunch.
48. I don't know enough about the machine, so I can't mend it myself.
__________________________________________________________________
49. I don't ride the bus to work every morning because it's always so crowded.
_________________________________________________________________
50. Not enough money is spent on cancer research, so a prevention has not been found.
_________________________________________________________________
51. The wind is blowing hard. so I won't take the boat out for a ride.
_________________________________________________________________
52. Nick can't find the way because he hasn't got a map.
_________________________________________________________________
53. Schroeder ignores Lucy. so she gets angry at him.
_________________________________________________________________
54. I can't look the word up because I haven't got a dictionary.
_________________________________________________________________
55. Linus is smart, so he finds clever solutions to life's problems.
_________________________________________________________________
56. We don't visit our parents very often because they live so far away.
_________________________________________________________________
Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
57. The weather is not fine; that’s why we can’t go out.
If______________________________________________
58. I can’t do the exercise because it’s very difficult.
If______________________________________________
59. Were I you, I wouldn’t tell anybody about the secret.
If______________________________________________
60. I didn’t know she was sick, so I didn’t come to see her.
If______________________________________________
61. We didn’t go to the concert last night because we were busy.
If______________________________________________
62. He missed the bus, so he was late for school.
If______________________________________________
63. He lost his job because he was late every day.
If______________________________________________
64. If I hadn’t seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.
Had I____________________________________________
65. If he comes, I’ll call the police.
Should_________________________________________
66. Rita is exhausted today because she didn’t get any sleep last night.
Rita wouldn’t ______________________________________________
V. Identify the one underlined word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that must be changed for the sentence to be
correct.
67. Could (A) you tell me when does (B)the next train leaves (C) and where to buy (D) tickets?
68. 1I think (A) you shouldn't (B) do if it's the right (C) thing to do.(D)
69. Unless we (A)work harder, we will (B) finish (C) on (D) time.
70. Jack will win the election if he campaigned harder.
71. Were Mr. Morgan still a head teacher, he would not permit such bad behave.
72. You can’t go into the reception if you’ve got a ticket.
73. I think you shouldn’t do it if it were the right thing to do.
74. Unless we work harder, we will finish on time.
75. If I had money, I will buy a car.
76. What do you do if you lost your passport?
77. If today is Sunday, we would have a lot of fun at the camping site.
78. If there weren’t gravity, objects you throw will go in an exactly straight line until they hit something.
79. A large portion of the world’s water supply have been contaminated by factory waste, ships
and oil spills.

VI. READING COMPREHENSION

A. Choose the correct option a, b, c or d to complete this passage.
Dolphins are known as cesareans or marine (1)................they breathe air, they are warm-blood,
and they bear live young ones called (2) ................The size of dolphins very greatly. The smallest
dolphins is just about 50 kg in weight and 1.2 meters in length (3) ................. the largest one can
weigh up to 8.200 kg and is 10 meters long.Dolphins are sociable creatures. They swim together in
group known as (4) ..............They show great ability in the water and you can often
(5)........................ them playing (6).............. ships. Dolphins are interested in humans and often
rescue people in the sea (7)...............are in danger. They are intelligent creatures and make sounds
to n (8)................with each other. Scientists have studied dolphins (9) ................many years and
are now looking into the possibility of dolphins (10)............able to carry out tasks under the sea.
80. a. fish b. creatures c. mammals d. life
81. a. babies b. calves c. young d. diets
82. a. when b. as c. while d. since
83. a. currents b. flocks c. herds d. schools
84. a. look down b. come across c. run after d. go by
85. a. around b. on c. in d. next
86. a. which b. they c. when d. who
87. a. talk b. contact c. communicate d. connect
88. a. in b. since c. for d. during
89. a. be b. being c. are d. that are
B. Read the passage carefully, and then choose the correct answer.
Man is a land animal, but he closely tied to the sea. Throughout history the sea has served
the needs of man. The sea provided man with food and convenient way to travel to many parts of
the world. Today, nearly two thirds of the world's population live within 80 kilometers of the sea
coast.
In the modern technological world, the sea offers many resources to help mankind survive.
Resources on land are be ginning to be used up. The sea, however, still can be hoped to supply
many of man's needs.
The list of riches of the sea yet to be developed by man's technology is impressive. Oil and
gas exploration have been carried out for nearly 30 years. Valuable amounts of mineral exist on the
ocean floor ready to be mined.
Fish farming- promises to be a good way to produce large quantities of food. The culture of
fish and shellfish is an ancient skill practiced in the past mainly by the Oriental people.
Besides oil and gas, the sea may offer new source of energy. Experts believe that the warm
temperature of the ocean can be used in a way similar to the steam in a steamship. Ocean currents
and waves offer possible use as a source of energy. Technology is enabling man to explore ever
more deeply under the sea. The development of strong, new materials has made this possible.
The technology to harvest the sea continues to improve. Experts believe that by the year
2020 the problems that prevent us from exploiting fully the food, minerals and energy sources of
the sea will be largely solved.
90. The best title for this passage is ……………
a. Sea Harvest b. Sea Food
c. Man and the Sea d. Technology for Exploiting the Sea
g
91. The major thin s that the sea offers man are ………………..
a. fish and oil.
b. minerals and oil
c. warm temperature and ocean currents.
d. the food energy sources, and minerals.
92. The sea serves the needs of man because ……………….
a. it provide man with food. b. it supplies man with minerals.
c. it offers oil to man d. all are correct
93. The words 'Oriental people' in paragraph 4 probably mean…………………..
a. the people in Asia b. African people
c. European people d. American people
94. We can conclude from this passage that ……………..
a. the sea resources have largely been used up.
b. the sea has not yet been fully exploited.
c. the problem that prevent us from using the food, minerals and energy sources of the sea
have already been solved.
d. by the year 2020 the technology will be good enough to exploit all the sea resources.
C. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer - a, b, c, or d.
Most people are afraid of sharks, but they usually do not know much about them. For example, there are
about 350 species of sharks that live in oceans over the world. Ali of the sharks are carnivores, but most of
them don't attack people. Some sharks are very small - the smallest shark is about 6 inches long - about as
long as your hand. But some sharks are very large. The largest species of sharks may be 60 feet long and
weigh 15 tons. Unlike many other kinds of fish, sharks do not have bone. Their bodies are made up of a kind
of tough white flexible material (called cartilage). Sharks do not have ears. However, they 'hear’ sounds and
movements in the wade. Any sound or movement makes the water vibrates. Sharks can feel these vibrations.
and they help the sharks find food. Sharks use their large eyes to find food, too. Most sharks see best in low
light. They often hunt for food at dawn. in the evening, or in the middle of the night.
Nowadays scientists want to learn more about sharks for several reasons. For example, cancer
is common in many animals, including, people. However. it is rare in sharks. Scientists want to find
out why sharks almost never get cancer. Maybe this information can help people prevent cancer
too.
95. According to the passage, sharks
a. are big mammals. b. usually live in warm water.
c. are meat eaters. d. always attack humans.
96. How long is a smallest shark?
 a. About 6 centimeters b. As long as a hand
c. As one's long hand d. About 1,5 meters
97. The word 'they' in line I1 refers to
a. sharks b. sounds c. vibrations d. movements
g
98. Sharks can hunt for food at ni ht because
a. they 'hear' more clearly at night. b. their eyes are large.
c. they feel vibrations in the water. d. they see well in the dark.
99. Which of the following is not true?
a. Large sharks can weigh up to 15,000 kg.
b.Sharks' bodies are made up of cartilage.
c. Sharks can find their food by feeling vibrations.
d.Sharks often attack people.
100. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
a. sharks are being studied.
b.the cancer risk among animals is found to be higher.
c. scientists are given permission to catch sharks for their studies.
d.information about sharks help people cure cancer.
VII. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words.
1. Scientists have made many important new ______ of the depth by using modern devices. (discover)
2. Community police have made a very positive ______ to crime prevention. (contribute)
3. They are investigating the ______ disappearance of a young woman. (mystery)
4. By the age of eighteen he was completely ______ of his parents. (depend)
5. The ______ of the seabed is being carried out. (investigate)
6. Their ______________ to act is indicative their lack of interest. (fail)
7. They are talking about the ______________ effects of exercise. (benefit)
8. Long prison sentences can be a very ______________ deterrent for offenders. (affect)
9. Would you like to contribute to our______________? (collect)
10. All ______________ will be gratefully received. (contribute)
11. Please follow the proper procedures for dealing with ______________. (complain)
12. We should have had a proper ______________ before voting. (discuss)
13. Please pay attention because this ______________ concerns all of you. (inform)
14. Where our children’s education is concerned, no compromised is ______________. (accept)
15. Stress at work is a matter of concern to staff and ______________. (manage)