READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE

HISTORY
(FINAL COVERAGE)
PREPARED BY:
ROHAYNA B. MUTI
GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINES DURING
THE SPANISH PERIOD
Social Class during the Spanish colonization
 Peninsulares
- highest lass entrusted with the offices and high rank
- pure blooded Spaniards from Spain
- awarded with greatest favors and large quantities of land
- examples are Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, Ramon Blanco Y Erenos, Carlos Maria
de la Torre
 Insulares/Creoles
- European decends born in colonies
- inter-married with the Filipinos produces mestizos
- given a government at church position, others became capitalist
 Principalias
- noble class ruling usually educated at upper class in Pueblos
FACTORS TO THE RISE OF THE FILIPINO
NATIONALISM
 The rise of liberal ideas
 The development of the international trading
 The political instability of Spain
 continues change in monarchy of Spain
 Napoleonic war
 Cadiz 1892 – transformation of Spanish government
 Administration of Governor General Carlos Maria de la Torre
 The issue of secularization
 The execution of GomBurZa
 The rise of the creoles
GomBurZa
The proponent of secularization movement includes Father Pedro Pelaez, Jose
Burgos, Mariano Gomez and Jacinto Zamora, they are accused of treason, had an
unfair trial and sentence to death by garrote in February 17, 1872.
 Mariano Gomez – lend money without interest
- known in Bacoor Cavite and Pampanga because of his good leadership
 Jose Burgos – he replace Padre Pelaez as “Kura Paroko” in Manila
- defend secular priest from the Spanish priest
 Jacinto Zamora – parish priest in Marikina
Gov.Gen. Carlos Maria De de la Torre
 Liberal leader who was assigned in Philippines in 1868
 He solicited suggestions from the Filipino natives about the administration of the
country
 He abolished espionage and implemented freedom of speech
 His liberal ideas made him the champion for the Filipino but angered the Spanish in
Manila and the friars
 He was replaced by Gov.Gen. Rafael de Izquiedo

1. Relaxed media censorship – access to literature

2. Establish the Guardia Civil – police or army in present, excepted from tax and force
labor
3. Began secularization
FIRST WAVE OF STRUGGLE
The first wave did not aim for total independence, the only aim was
1. Political reform
2. Equality between Filipinos and Spaniards
3. Assimilation of the Philippines from Spain
4. Demands representation of the Filipinos to the Spanish cortes

SECOND WAVE OF STRUGGLE

1. More violent and bloody
2. The patience of the masses and the doubt of the Filipino people
3. Wants to gain independence from the country
K.K.K.
(Kataastaasan Kagalanggalang Katipunan ng
mga Anak ng Bayan)
 founded on July 7, 1892
 In the house of Deodato Arellano located in no.17 Azcarraga, Tpndo, Manila

 Deodato Arellano (!st president)

 Roman Basa (2nd president)
 Andres Bonifacio (3rd president)

 Triangle System
 Interview
 Blood compact
 Sign a conctract using their own blood as ink

Grade level
1st grade = Katipon – Anak ng Bayan
2nd grade = Kawal – GomBurZa
3rd grade = Bayan - Rizal
Structure of KKK
 Supreme council (Kataastaasang Sangunian)
(composed of president, fiscal, secretary, treasurer and Inventor
 Provincial council (Sanguniang Bayan)
 Regular council (Sanguniang Balangay)

Kartilya – “Tecahings of Katpunan” written by Emillio Jacinto

Kalayaan – KKK newspaper
1895 – establish of printing press
Emillio Jacinto – editor-in-chief
Yokohama – penname of printing press in the newspapers
Behind the penname of Yokohama are:
 Dr. Pio Valenzuela
 Ulpiano Fernandez
 Faustino Duque
UPRISING OF 1896
8 provinces starts the revolution
• Manila • Tarlac
• Cavite • Batangas
• Bulacan • Laguna
• Nueva Ecija • Pampanga
August 19, 1896 – Mariano Gil discover the katipunan thru Hororaria (sister of Teodoro
Patino)
August 21, 1896 – Katipuneros went to Kangkong
August 25-28, 1896 – Katipunan suffer a big lost
Reason:
- Their weapons are weak
- Lack of military tactics
- The group was not yet ready
Month of September 1896
- The uprising spread in other provinces and Gov.Gen. Ramon Blanco declared
martial law in 8 provinces
September 5, 1896 – forces of Magdalo headed by Aguinaldo were able to defeat
Gen. Aguire and his men
September 12, 1896 – Gen. Ramon Blaco order the execution of 13katipuneros in
Cavite (known as Trese Martires)
December 31, 1896 – Bonifacio went to Cavites and tried to fixed the conflict
between Magdalo and Magdiwang but he failed
February 17, 1897 – the bloodiest encounter between the Spanish and Filipino
revolutionaries happen in Zapote Bridge “Battle of Zapote”
Edilberto Evangelista – an engineer ploted to bomb the Zapote bridge, the passage
of Spaniards but he failed because he was shot.
March 22, 1897 – the Tejeros convention
- Election of officials
- Severino de las Alas suggest to have an election
- Daniel Tirona
March 23, 1897 – Another meeting in Naic Cavite
April 28, 1897 – the council of was recommended the execution of Bonifacio Brothers
because treason
May 8, 1897 – Aguinaldo received the verdict and sign
May 10, 1897 – Bonifacio brothers (Andres and Procopio) are executed and Gregoria
“Oryang” de Jesus (raped) in Maragodon, Cavite
April 23, 1897 – Gov.Gen. Primo de Rivera issued a decree for the pardon of Filipino
rebel in exchange of their submission to the Spaniards but Filipino rebels ignore his
decree and extended it until May 17, 1897
Head quarters of Aguinaldo located in Biak na Bato San Miguel Dimayuno Bulacan
Aguinaldo Issued a demands to the Spanish government
- Removal of the friars
- Secularization of the parishes
- Equality between the Filipinos and Spaniards
- Freedom of speech and representation of the Filipinos in Spanish cortez
December 12-15, 1897 – the process of peace settlement
December 15, 1897 – after three revisions Pedro Paterno and Gov.Gen. Ramon
Blanco signed the truce
THE REST ARE ON YOUR MODULES 