Word describes Examples:

Subject The students who stayed after school for help

did well on the test.
Direct object I found the book that my friend gave me.
Object of the preposition She gave a letter to her friends who is leaving
next week.
Predicate nominative Charlie has a friend whose daughter lives in
China

WORDS DESCRIBED EXAMPLE

Verb When the sun set, everyone watched from
the window.
Adjective Gabby is still sleepy although she slept for ten
hours.
Adverb 1. We will not have school
today because it snowed
last night

Function Example
Subject What I had forgotten  was that I had a test today

Direct object You must choose  which flavor of ice cream you want

Indirect object   I will tell  whoever will listen  my frightening story

Predicate noun The question is why you left early.

Object of the Josie is not interested in  whatever Kyle says

preposition
Appositive   It seems to bother the teacher  that all the students are
being too quiet
CLAUSES

A clause is a group of words containing a subject and a verb. there are two main kinds of clauses.

I- Independent or Main Clause

A clause is independent when it has a complete meaning on its own. In other words, Clauses and an
independent or main clause is a simple sentence.
Example:

I eat spaghetti.

I could not see.

II- Dependent Clauses

A clause is dependent when it is incomplete by itself and needs to be attached to an independent or

main clause to make sense. It starts with a subordinating conjunction.

examples:

I could not see because he was in front of me. I eat spaghetti because it's delicious.

there are three different kinds of dependent or subordinate clauses

A. NOUN CLAUSE

⚫ These clause begins with the relative pronoun that, which, whichever, whom, whomever, who,
whoever, whose, whosoever, the four Ws (what, when, where, and why), how, if, or whether. Noun
clauses may be found in the usual position of nouns in a sentence

Function

Subject

Example
Direct object

Indirect object

Predicate noun

Object of the

preposition

Appositive

What I had forgotten was that I had a test today

You must choose which flavor of ice cream you want

I will tell whoever will listen my frightening story

The question is why you left early.

Josie is not interested in whatever Kyle says

It seems to bother the teacher that all the students are

being too quiet

B. The Adjective Clause

An adjective clause generally describes a noun ora pronoun. This clause may start with a relative
pronoun (that, which, whom, who or whose) and comes after the word it describes.

example: Those people whose names are on the list will go to camp.

The table below shows how adjective clause are used. As modifiers of nouns or pronouns, they describe
subjects, direct object, object of preposition, and predicate nominative.

Word describes

Subject

Examples:

The students who stayed after school for help

did well on the test.

Direct object

I found the book that my friend gave me.

Object of the preposition

She gave a letter to her friends who is leaving next week.

Predicate nominative

Charlie has a friend whose daughter lives in China

C. The Adverb Clause (also called Adverbial Clause)

The adverb clause describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. This clause starts with a
subordinate conjunction.

The table below shows how adverb clauses are used.

WORDS DESCRIBE

Verb

Adjective

EXAMPLE

When the sun set, everyone watched from the window.

Gabby is still sleepy although she slept for ten hours.

Adverb

We will not have school today because it snowed last night