LECTURE NOTES IN CVE163

Design of Steel and Timber Structures

by

PROF. NATHANIEL C. TARRANZA

Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology

Property of MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Unauthorized use and/or reproduction may result
to civil and/or criminal liabilities.

Design of Steel and Timber Structures Tarranza, NC Date: Page

 :

Prof. Nathaniel C. Tarranza Date

Department of Civil Engineering and Technology
MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology
 stress: applied force over perpendicular area strain: change in length over original length

Review on mechanical properties of Steel

- stress-strain curve
- proportional limit (a), elastic limit (b), yield point (c), c d e f
ultimate stress(f) b
- Elastic range (0 to c), stress, f a
- Plastic range (c to f)
- strain hardening (d to e)
strain hardening: deformation, unable to return to original shape/length
- steel is ductile with high yield stress
elastic range: able to return to original shape/length
o
plastic range: ultimate loading strain, Є
Sources of Specifications for Steel

1. National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP)

2. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
3. American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
4. American Welding Society (AWS)
5. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
6. American Railway Engineers Association (AREA)

Design of Steel Structures; Stress-strain curve of steel Tarranza, NC Date: Page

 Standard rolled steel sections (With sectional properties tabulated)

1. I- sections : W- Wide Flange Ex. W 27 x 144 = 27” deep, 114 lbs./ft

flange S – American Standard Ex. S 12 x 35 = 12” deep, 35lbs./ ft
M- Miscellaneous Ex. M 8 x 6.5 = 8” deep, 6.5 lbs./ ft
web HP- H-pile Ex.HP 12 x 74 = 12” deep, 74 lbs./ ft
flange

2. Channels (C-section) Ex: C 10 x 30 = 10” deep, 30 lbs./ ft

Miscellaneous channel (MC) Ex: MC 18 x 58 = 18” deep, 58 lbs./ ft

* used commonly in trusses

3. Angles (L-sections) Ex: L 6 x 6 x ½ = 6” x 6” leg sizes and ½ “ thick

* used in purlins

why is steel used in the form of sections instead of solid, whole beams?
> because studies have shown that the extra steel does not contribute to strength
> more economical

Design of Steel Structures; Rolled steel sections Tarranza, NC Date: Page

 Advantages of Steel

1. High strength per unit length resulting in smaller dead loads and smaller member.
2. Uniformity of properties with time, except when corroded, resulting in simpler
analysis in its design
3. Elastic and ductile, hence, can sustain more additional loads before fracture/failure.
4. Durable when properly maintained

Disadvantages of Steel

1. Susceptibility to corrosion caused by exposure to water, especially to saltwater

2. Reduced strength when exposed to high temperature
3. Heat Conductor
4. Susceptibility to buckling
5. Fatigue under stress reversals or repeated loadings

singly symmetrical: symmetrical in 1 axis > C-section

doubly symmetrical: symmetrical in 2 axes (x, y) > I-section (if flange dimensions are equal)

Design of Steel Structures; Advantages and disadvantages of steel Tarranza, NC Date: Page
 Three-fold Objectives of Designing
> all are equally important
1. Safety - in order that the member will not fail under load.
2. Functionality – in order that the design will serve its purpose.
3. Economy - in order that the design will not be expensive.

Design Methods for Steel

1. Elastic Design (Allowable Stress Design)

- Based on certain allowable or working stresses
- uses safety factor, Ω
2. Plastic Design
- based on limit load or collapse design
3. Load and Resistance Factor Design
- counterpart of Ultimate Strength Design in Reinforced Concrete
- uses overload factors (O.F.) and resistance factors, ф
- average overload factor of 1.5

Essentials of Designing
1. Theory – Structural Analysis, Strength of materials, mathematics, physics, etc.
2. Specifications- standards based on empirical formulas and experiments designed
to achieve both safety and functionality of the design.

Design of Steel Structures; Design methods for steel structures Tarranza, NC Date: Page
 LRFD Load Combinations ( ASCE 7-05) ASD Load Combinations (ASCE 7-05)

1. 1.4 (D + F) 1. D + F
2. 1.2(D+F+T) + 1.6(L+H) + 0.5(Lr or S or R) 2. D+H+F+L+T
3. 1.2 D + 1.6(Lr or S or R) + (L or 0.8W) 3. D+H+F+ (Lr or S or R)
4. 1.2D + 1.6W + L + 0.5(Lr or S or R) 4. D+H+F+ 0.75(L+T) + 0.75(Lr or S or R)
5. 1.2D + 1.0E + L + 0.2S 5. D+H+F+(W or 0.7E)
6. 0.9D + 1.6W + 1.6H 6. D+H+F+0.75(W or 0.7E) + 0.75L
7. 0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H + 0.75(Lr or S or R)
7. 0.6D + W + H
8. 0.6D +0.7E + H
D = dead load
E = earthquake load
F = load due to fluids
H = load due to lateral earth pressure, ground water pressure
or pressure of bulk materials
L = live load DEPENDS ON DESIGNER ON WHICH TO USE
Lr = roof live load
S = snow load
T = self-restraining force
W= wind load
R = rain load

Design of Steel Structures; Load combination and factors Tarranza, NC Date: Page