1

Given :
↳teel =/ copper =
0.675 [m ]
dsteel =D copper =
3.5km] or 0.035cm]
F- = 5250 IN]

Unknown : strain &

elongation

Formulas :

strain (e) elongation

g-
= ✗ =

;
L=
original length
elongation = FL
"
F- tension force

AE L= length
A- =
cross-sectional area

E= modulus of
elasticity
since rods are cylindrical
2
,

A- =
IT
(F) 00351m] 2
A steel = A
copper
=
IT ( 2
/ = 0.00096211275 [m2]

For the steel rod , For the copper rod ,

[ ¥] [¥]
"
E- = 20016Pa ] or 2.00×10 E= 11716Pa ] or 1.17×10
"

]
5250kV 0.6751m] ] 0.6751m]
elongation 5250kV
•

elongation
= •
=

0.000961mF] [1m¥] [1m¥]

"
•
2.00×10 0.000961mF] •
1.17×10
"

=
0.00001841651m] =
0.00003148121m]
or 18.42 MM 31.48 MM
or

strain -0.00001841651m] 0.0000272837 E 0.00003148121m] 0.00004663881

strain
=
=
= =
E
.

0.675cm] or 27.28 ME 0.675cm] or 46.64 ME

2
Given :
Vo = 374 [cm3]
•
AP= 4.7×10 [Pa]
☐ V= 0.65 [ cm3]

Unknown : bulk modulus &

compressibility

Formulas :
bulk modulus = bulk stress = -
AP
bulk strain AV / Vo
AV / V0 bulk modulus
compressibility = or reciprocal of

-
AP

bulk modulus = -4.7×106 [ Pa] = -2704307692.3076925 [ ¥]

0651cm ] / 3741cm ] -2.70×109 Epa]
} '
or

compressibility
-_
0.651cm ] / 3741cm
' '
] = -
0.00000000036978 [YI]
-
4.7×106 [ Pa] or 3.70×10-10 [YI]
3

/ 6cm

] 2cm

%cm
Given :
5=6.0 [cm]
"
[cm])3=
'
[cm ] S3 216 [cm ] [ m3 ]
-

D= 2.0 volume of cube = = (6 = 2.16×10

'
21cm] )
's
W= 6. 80 [ N] volume of hole = ñr2h= IT ( .
61cm] = 75.398224 [ cm ]

9.8 [ MIST [cm ]

' '
=
volume of drilled cube 2161cm ] 75.398224 [ cm 3=140.601776
g
= -

"
[ m3 ]
-

or 1.406×10

Unknown:

density & weight before drilling

Formulas :

density mg_=w_
= 6.80 [1%7] = 4935 kg / m3
my
= =

"
9.81m¥] [ m3 ]
-

gv 1.406×10
gv
•

'
weight before
drilling =
s •
density •

g
"
[MY [kg /m3 ] 9.8 [ m/s ] 10.45 [kgmls ] '
-

'
= 2.16×10 •
4935 •
=