UNIT 1 PART A

1. PREDICT THE REASONS FOR GROWTH OF ERP?

ERP market in India steadily growing for the last few years and the main reason for
this enormous growth can be attributed to the inability of order system to manage the
conversion to year 2000.

There are also other factors such as industry best practices, easy and faster
implementation and good cost predictions. Another factor behind the growth is that
already existing clients acquire more licenses and modules. The number of employees
using the ERP system is increasing and the ERP clients who have started with the
basic modules are going for subsequent applications.

There is also a trend to replace customized system with standard application

packages, like an ERP system. India is expected to present ERP suppliers an
important marketplace as manufacturing companies are significantly investing in
technology solutions to improve their manufacturing operations.

According to observation made by some experts in the field, the ERP market started
showing solid organic growth since 2004 as IT spending improved.

The Indian ERP market experienced CAGR (compounded annual growth rate) of 25.2
during the period of 2004-2009. The market was $83 million in 2004, and is projected
to be over $250 million in 2009, according to a research report.

The report further clarifies that manufacturers in India are increasingly implementing
ERP solutions to ensure that decision makers have the required information visibility
across the value chain.

Majority of Indian manufacturers are small by global standards, requiring easy-to-use

ERP solutions to meet their specific process requirements, including localization
needs to address the continually evolving tax and statutory requirements. Small and
medium enterprises across industry verticals and micro verticals, such as automotive,
pharmaceuticals, and textiles, are leveraging ERP solutions to gain sustainable
competitive advantages.
 2. Outline the advantages of ERP software?
Enhanced Business Reporting:

Better reporting tools with real-time information

A single source of truth – one integrated database for all business processes
· Better customer service:

Better access to customer information

Faster response times

Improved on-time delivery

Improved order accuracy

· Improved Inventory Costs:

Only carry as much inventory as needed, avoid these common issues

Too much inventory, and higher overhead costs

Too little inventory and longer customer fulfillment times

· Boosted Cash Flow:

Better invoicing and better collections tools to bring cash in faster

Faster cash means more cash on-hand for the business

· Cost Savings:

Improved inventory planning

Better procurement management

Better customer service

Improved vendor relationship management

· Better Data & Cloud Security:

Dedicated security resources

 Avoid installing malicious software

Data distributed across multiple servers

· Business Process Improvements:

Automate manual or routine tasks

Implement smarter workflows

Gain efficiency

· Supply Chain Management:

Effective demand forecasting and lean inventory

Reduce production bottlenecks

Transparency through the business

3. Outline of business modeling of ERP?

Business Modeling for ERP

Business modeling is a precursor to business process reengineering, ERP

implementation, etc. A business model is a diagrammatic representation of different
business systems and processes, and their interconnections and interdependencies.
The purpose of business modeling is to provide a general overview of the operations
of a business without going into the technical details of the processes and systems. It
defines the activities performed and workflow structure in a broad manner. Figure
illustrates the basic components of a business system.
 A good business model should be comprehensible, coherent and complete. It should
define clearly the different systems and subsystems of a business system. A business
model is developed on the basis of an organization's goals, objectives and strategic
plans. Further, the model illustrates how various business processes exchange
information among themselves and the underlying database.

An ERP system is implemented to provide requisite information to individuals to

enable them to perform business processes more efficiently and effectively.

4. Determine the limitations of ERP?

Limitations of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

The various limitations of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software include the
following:

Expensive System - One of the main limitations of Enterprise Resource Planning

(ERP) systems is that they can be extremely costly. Not only does the actual software
and implementation incur costs, but other requirements such as computer hardware,
updated network equipment, and security software may incur additional costs. It is
important to carefully evaluate the different options of ERP systems and other related
systems to choose the one that will be the best fit for your organization in terms of
features offered but also in terms of costs.
 Training Inefficiency - Skills, experience, manpower, and optimum utilization of
resources are key within a manufacturing operation. Without these factors, it is
difficult to have your operation run efficiently and smoothly, which is why proper
training in ERP is imperative in order to make the system work appropriately. This
will result in inadequate cognizance of the particular Enterprise Resource Planning
vendor package being utilized and may lead to mishandling of the technology by
employees resulting in the loss of valuable information.

Degree of Customization - Another limitation of ERP systems comes from their

ability to be customized to fit your business needs. The degree of customization
available can be limited and usually depends on the brand of software chosen as some
systems have more customization options than others.

High Implementation Times - Implementing a new operating system can be a

challenging task for any company. Depending on the complexity of the business
operations, the total implementation and training time can take over a year.
Implementation times and costs of ERP software are crucial to consider as the time
required for the implementation may disturb the normal functionality of the
organization and risk incurring a potential loss in business during that time.

Inter-connectivity of Departments - Although having inter-connectivity between

various departments in an organization may seem like an asset, it can also pose
disadvantages to the company. This is especially true if there are inefficiencies within
one department as it will lead to inefficiencies in other departments. Due to the
limitations of ERP systems, many manufacturers benefit from integrating their ERP
system to Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) software. Planet Together APS
is an essential tool for manufacturers looking to improve their efficiency and optimize
their production.

5. Predict the benefits of ERP.

Here are the 10 primary advantages of a Sales force-native ERP system that will help position
your business for success.
* Maximized planning and resource management
Enterprise Resource Planning is aptly named because it truly does enable planning across
your organization so you know how to predict and forecast sales, costs, and the resources you
need, whether that’s materials, equipment, or people.
* Greater enterprise collaboration
Personnel are often siloed across an organization, but ERP consolidates information from all
departments into a single source of truth, making it simple to share accurate data in real-time.
* Increased productivity
By automating major processes like inventory tracking or invoice generation, you can realize
productivity gains across the board and place greater focus on tasks that may have otherwise
fallen by the wayside.
* Reduced overhead costs
When used properly, ERP systems can deliver significant cost savings to your organization.
Prevent disruptions and delays that can be caused by a lack of accurate or available
information, keeping projects on track and on time.
* Better customer relationships
Using ERP on Sales force allows for integration with your Sales force Customer Relationship
Management (CRM) platform, drastically expanding the visibility you have over your
operations.
* Improved quality control
Quality management is a significant benefit of an ERP system. Let’s say you have a product
that has just completed the manufacturing process, but before you can sell the product, you
still need to review and sign off on the corresponding paperwork.
* Better inventory tracking
Tracking and monitoring inventory is a challenge, especially for large companies that
constantly have products coming in and going out and a high level of customer demand.
* Simplified risk management & regulatory compliance
Every business takes on some form of risk in the process of creating and disseminating
products.
* Enhanced data security
Using ERP on Sales force is the most secure way to store your data, hands down.
* Predictability & scalability
Without question, an ERP system allows your business to be more predictive, driving better
business results that enable you to scale.
6. Determine term ERP?
  Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is the integrated management of main
business processes, often in real time and mediated by software and
technology. ERP is usually referred to as a category of business management
software—typically a suite of integrated applications—that an organization
can use to collect, store, manage, and interpret data from many business
activities.

 ERP Systems can be local based or Cloud-based. Cloud-based applications

have grown in recent years due to information being readily available from
any location with internet access. ERP provides an integrated and
continuously updated view of core business processes using common
databases maintained by a database management system.

 ERP systems track business resources—cash, raw materials, production

capacity—and the status of business commitments: orders, purchase orders,
and payroll. The applications that make up the system share data across
various departments (manufacturing, purchasing, sales, accounting, etc.) that
provide the data.

 ERP facilitates information flow between all business functions and manages
connections to outside stakeholders. Enterprise system software is a
multibillion-dollar industry that produces components supporting a variety of
business functions. Though early ERP systems focused on large enterprises,
smaller enterprises increasingly use ERP systems.

 The ERP system integrates varied organizational systems and facilitates error-
free transactions and production, thereby enhancing the organization's
efficiency. However, developing an ERP system differs from traditional
system development.

 ERP systems run on a variety of computer hardware and network

configurations, typically using a database as an information repository.

7. Discuss the term enterprise.(QUSN NO:10 & 7 SAME ANSWER)

Enterprise refers to a for-profit business started and run by an entrepreneur. And we will
often say that people running such businesses are enterprising. The roots of the word lie in
the French word entreprendre (from prendre), meaning ‘to undertake’, which in turn comes
from the Latin “inter prehendere” (seize with the hand).
Entrepreneurs usually start an enterprise – with the associated risks – to make a profit, and for
one of several reasons:
Problem-solving. They see a particular issue that they feel they can solve.
Exploit ideas. They have a new idea or product they believe will be successful.
Filling a gap. They see a gap in the market they believe they can fill.
Competitive pricing. They believe they can produce something on the market cheaper and
offer it at a lower price.
Knowledge-based. Where they believe they can supply specialist knowledge that customers
will pay for.
8. Complete the reason for growth of ERP market.

Since 1970, ERP is growing every year which you can find ERP history report.
Growing rate of ERP in the market is 30% every year. There are many reasons behind
this whose list, I am given below.

Good Inventory Control

In any ERP package, you will find the inventory control system. With inventory control
system, you can add and raw data of raw material, work in process and finished goods in the
database from anywhere.
Produce the Products Fastly
In ERP, both production department and sales department are inter-connected. So, when
production department tracks the demand from sale department, it can fastly produce the
products without any delay.
New Product Development
When developer sees all the information together, they get more idea to create new product
development.
Support of Multiple Languages and Currencies
ERP systems support multiple languages and currencies. So, more and more employees in
different branches can work together because they can understand database language through
better translation support.
Vertical Market Solution
A vertical market is a market in which vendors offer goods and services specific to an
industry, trade, profession, or other group of customers with specialized needs. It is
distinguished from a horizontal market, in which vendors offer a broad range of goods and
services to a large group of customers with wide range of needs, such as businesses as a
whole, men, women, households, or, in the broadest horizontal market, everyone.
Client Server
SAP, Oracle and Microsoft are the top client server ERP. One of main benefit, all files will be
stored same store. All files will have automatically back up. If there is any bug, we can
restore the back up.

9. Outline the overview of ERP?

Enterprise resource planning – more commonly referred to as ERP – is a software system

used to manage and maintain the functions of a business. The tasks are typically done in real-
time. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is software designed to help companies store,
manage, and use data regarding their daily and regular processes.
ERP keeps track of a wealth of information, including payroll, raw materials, business
commitments, purchase orders, and capacity for production.
ERP software is part of the IT sector, and because of its usefulness and success, it is now
considered a multi-billion-dollar industry.
Components of ERP Software
ERP programs are commonly known as business management software. They involve a host
of applications that work together to:
Gather data
Store it for future reference
Manage and sort the information for easier access
Interpret the data for use by the business
Primary Functions of ERP
ERP provides a host of services for companies trying to improve how efficiently they
operate. The systems are constantly being updated by the proprietors to offer the speediest
and most reliable services. As the name suggests, ERP’s primary goal is to manage the
various resources within the company to make sure they are being utilized in a cost-effective
way. It is also designed to make sure that all resources are being used efficiently.
Flow of Information
ERP software covers a lot of different areas within a company – accounting, sales,
purchasing, and manufacturing. One of the most important needs it addresses is the need to
communicate all pertinent information to the many departments that may require the data.
10. [SEE QUS NO: 7]
11. Associate the different modules significance in ERP.
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems have become a critical tool for businesses over
the past several decades. An ERP solution automates critical business processes and serves as
a shared database for all financial and operational information from across the company.
Additionally, ERP can automate many tasks, reducing errors and freeing up employees to
focus on more strategic work. Common ERP modules support back- and front-office
functions like finance and accounting, procurement, manufacturing, inventory management,
order management, warehouse management, supply chain management, customer
relationship management (CRM) procurement and workforce management. More
functionally-rich solutions may also include professional services automation (service
resource management), human resources management, ecommerce and marketing
automation.

12. ERP System Modules

Each ERP module is designed for specific business functions, providing the data and
supporting the processes that will help those employees do their jobs. Every module plugs
into the ERP system, so the system provides a single source of accurate data, even as the
business adds new modules. If the ERP system is the toolbox, the modules are the
screwdriver, wrench, hammer and other tools in the box that each has specific uses.
13. Summarize the ERP in present Indian Scenario.
 The ERP Scenario in India
there are several positive and negative factors as far as the ERP scenario in India is
concerned. Though having ERP in companies of India mostly provides a profitable source of
income and quality customer service, there are several challenges to the introduction of ERP
in India. 9
 This includes change management, organizational intervention, replacing outdated software,
shifting from function view to process view, hiring ERP-literate staff and faith in package
software in the place of custom-built software.
 Certain concerns that have never used ERP software are intimidated whereas some view ERP
as a takeover to there IS professionals. Most of the Indian corporations have large in-house IS
shops and they consider ERP as a threat to their very existence.
 Moreover, ERP places more value on the domain knowledge of functions rather than IT
skills. The communication infrastructure needed to implement ERP are lacking in some of the
indigenous companies.
 In spite of all these, the growth of ERP in India is quite promising. Several well-known
business houses in India like Cadbury India, Mercedes Benz India, Siemens, Haldia
Petrochemicals, L&T, TISCO, and UTI use SAP while Kellogg’s India Ltd., Maruti Udyog
Ltd., Sony India Pvt Ltd. and CESC are Oracle users.
 India’s most valuable contribution to ERP came in 1980s when the country launched the
world class ERP product Marshall from Ramco Systems, by using the technology of the 80’s.
 Marshall is the first successful large scale software from India and several companies like
HDFC Bank, Hyundai, Nestle Limited and Standard Chartered Bank use this ERP package.
 Actually, this product is a formative ERP called virtual splat. A virtual splat enables merging
of accounting and manufacturing practices in an easy-to-use, implemented package and is
used by small start-up companies.

14.Determine the characteristics of ERP.

Four Characteristics of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
The four characters of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system include the following:
Modular Design - The modular design of an ERP system incorporates distinct business
modules such as manufacturing, financial, accounting, and distribution. Each module takes
care of various functions of a particular section or department within your organization.
While these modules can operate separately, they are integrated inside the ERP system to
provide a seamless flow of data and information between all modules.
Central Common Database - Implementing a common centralized database management
system, which is also called a DBMS, is an important characteristic of an advantageous ERP
system. All data is entered and stored only once and then utilized by all departments
simultaneously which helps eliminate data-entry errors and other flaws associated with using
a distributed database.
Flexible and Open Database - Organizations are almost always dynamic in nature, which is
where ERP systems offer flexibility to respond to the changing needs of the enterprise. These
systems have open system architecture, allowing them to attach or detach any module as and
when required without affecting the other modules. An advantageous ERP system should
support connectivity to other business entities within the organization and shouldn’t be
confined within the boundaries of a manufacturing facility.
* Automatic Generation of Information - An ERP system provides business intelligence
tools such as executive information systems, decision support systems, easy warning systems,
and more. These tools help manufacturing operations to make data-based decisions that
pertain to their overall production process. All financial and business information will be
automatically generated from the data that is found in the centralized database of the ERP
system.
15. Determine the tangible and intangible benefits of ERP.
The decision to purchase new enterprise resource planning system (ERP) once was a tough
one. On the one hand, a new ERP solution brings dozens of tangible and intangible benefits
to an organization. On the other hand, ERP rollouts used to cost a lot of money and time—it
was the definition of a big IT project.
Tangible Benefits
 Cost Savings and Greater Efficiency. Process automation within the system reduces time,
effort and resources spent on daily, repetitive tasks, freeing up employees to focus on more
meaningful work.

 Better Supply Chain Management. Cloud-based ERP can greatly improve a supply chain by
linking supplier systems, automating key functions, and boosting responsiveness.

 Improved Data Quality and Accessibility. As a single source for all business data, often
collected, consolidated, organized and analyzed through automation, cloud ERP systems
improve data accuracy and reliability.
  Increased Automation. Business processes can be linked and automated because all data
flows into a single system or record.

 Reduced inventory and stock obsolescence. With complete, real-time visibility over all
aspects of operations, including those with suppliers and customers, inventory levels can be
refined and managed with greater precision.

 Intangible Benefits

 Easier Reporting and Planning.

 Reports can be generated automatically for any part of the business, including financial,
sales, operational, inventory, procurement, administrative and elsewhere.

 Enterprise-Wide Integration.

 Cloud ERP systems integrate various functions and business processes across an organization
and store them in a single database.

 Standardized and Simplified Business Processes. Because systems and data are linked
between departments, cloud ERP systems simplify business processes and bring greater
synergy across an organization through standardization.

16. Articulate ERP concept

 Enterprise resource planning (ERP) refers to a type of software that organizations use to
manage day-to-day business activities such as accounting, procurement, project
management, risk management and compliance, and supply chain operations. A complete
ERP suite also includes enterprise performance management, software that helps plan,
budget, predict, and report on an organization’s financial results.

 ERP systems tie together a multitude of business processes and enable the flow of data
between them. By collecting an organization’s shared transactional data from multiple
sources, ERP systems eliminate data duplication and provide data integrity with a single
source of truth. Today, ERP systems are critical for managing thousands of businesses of all
sizes and in all industries You can think of an enterprise resource planning system as the glue
that binds together the different computer systems for a large organization.
  Without an ERP application, each department would have its system optimized for its
specific tasks. With ERP software, each department still has its system, but all of the systems
can be accessed through one application with one interface.

 ERP applications also allow the different departments to communicate and share
information more easily with the rest of the company. It collects information about the
activity and state of different divisions, making this information available to other parts,
where it can be used productively.

 To these companies, ERP is as indispensable as the electricity that keeps the lights on.
Businesses employ enterprise resource planning (ERP) for various reasons, such as
expanding business, reducing costs, and improving operations.

 The benefits sought and realized by one company may be different from another; however,
there are some worth noting. Integrating and automating business processes eliminates
redundancies, improves accuracy, and improves productivity.

 Departments with interconnected processes can now synchronize work to achieve faster
and better outcomes. Some businesses benefit from enhanced reporting of real-time data
from a single source system.

 Accurate and complete reporting help companies adequately plan, budget, forecast, and
communicate the state of operations to the organization and interested parties, such as
shareholders.

 ERPs allow businesses to quickly access needed information for clients, vendors, and
business partners, contributing to improved customer and employee satisfaction, quicker
response rates, and increased accuracy rates. Associated costs often decrease as the
company operates more efficiently.

UNIT- II
1. Summarize the phases of BPR.(part .b)
2. Infer the meaning of BPR.
 Business process reengineering (BPR) is an approach to change management in which the
related tasks required to obtain a specific business outcome are radically redesigned. An
important goal of BPR is to analyze workflows within and between enterprises in order to
optimize end-to-end processes and eliminate tasks that do not provide the customer with
value.
  BPR was a very important management concept from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. The
concept is generally credited to MIT professor Michael Hammer and Babson College
professor Thomas Davenport.  Hammer and Davenport started out as colleagues, working on
a research program called PRISM (Partnership for Research in Information
Systems Management).  Their research efforts, which were sponsored by some of the
biggest corporations at the time, involved developing an architectural model that would help
large companies take advantage of recent advances in technology, including personal
computers (PCs) and the internet.
 Technology vendors quickly jumped on the BPR bandwagon and enterprise resource
planning (ERP) vendors such as SAP, JD Edwards, Oracle and PeopleSoft promoted their
products as solutions for the redesign and improvement of business processes and helped to
turn BPR into a multi-billion dollar industry seemingly overnight. Consultants followed the
money too, and suddenly firms that previously promoted their expertise in systems
thinking found themselves in high demand as reengineering experts.
3. Comment the reason for implementing business process.

o ERP implementation consultants, users and vendors work together to achieve the
overall objectives of the organization.
o The ERP implementation consultants have to understand the needs of the users,
understand the prevailing business realties and design the business solutions keeping
in mind, that it is the users who will be driving the implementation and therefore ,all
these factors active involvement at all stages of implementation is vital for the
overall success of implementation.
o It is worthwhile to remember that ERP is an enabling tool, which makes one do his
work better, which naturally needs additional efforts.
o During the course of ERP implementation, the standard package may undergo
changes which may be a simple one or a major ‘functionality’ change. Implementing
such changes is known as Customization.
o The contents of the ERP package are known as modules and the modules are further
divided into Components.
o The roles and responsibilities of the employees have to be clearly identified,
understood and the employees will have to accept new processes and procedures
configured and laid down in the ERP system.
o At the same time these processes and procedures have to be simple and user-friendly.
 o A well managed and implemented ERP package can give a 200 percent return on
investment whereas a poorly implemented one can yield a return on investment as low
as 25 percent.
• Key Planning and ERP Implementation decisions: A number of the key decisions that
need to be made when this discussion looks at considering an enterprise integration
effort.

4. Determine the term Enterprise Application Integration (EAI).

Enterprise application integration (EAI) is the use of technologies and services across an
enterprise to enable the integration of software applications and hardware systems. Many
proprietary and open projects provide EAI solution support.

EAI is related to middleware technologies. Other developing EAI technologies involve Web
service integration, service-oriented architecture, content integration and business processes.
Intercommunication between enterprise applications (EA), such as customer relations
management (CRM), supply chain management (SCM) and business intelligence is not
automated. Thus, EAs do not share common data or business rules. EAI links EA
applications to simplify and automate business processes without applying excessive
application or data structure changes.

However, EAI is challenged by different operating systems, database architectures and/or

computer languages, as well as other situations where legacy systems are no longer supported
by the original manufacturers.

EAI meets these challenges by fulfilling three purposes, as follows:

 Data Integration: Ensures consistent information across different systems.

 Vendor Independence: Business policies or rules regarding specific business
applications do not have to be re-implemented when replaced with different brand
applications.
 Common Facade: Users are not required to learn new or different applications
because a consistent software application access interface is provided.

The advantages of EAI are clear:

 Real-time information access

 Streamlining processes
 Accessing information more efficiently
 Transferring data and information across multiple platforms
 Easy development and maintenance.

5. Summarize the tips to overcome the limitations of ERP.

 Overcoming the Limitations
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) as discussed before is a very comprehensive when it comes to
handling the transactions within an enterprise but fails when there is an interaction with systems
external to the organization. To overcome this, the concept of ERP II has been developed which
integrates the ERP systems of an enterprise with that of the suppliers and event the customers.
Limitations of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an evolution of MRP which was solely focused on manufacturing and
materials planning. ERP systems were designed to manage more functions of enterprises thus integrating all
business management functions, including planning, inventory and materials management, engineering, order
processing, manufacturing, purchasing, accounting and finance, human resources, etc.
Though considered as a revolution during it’s time, ERP did not take into account any of the external
relationships that a company had as enterprises were run as independent entities during those times. Within an
organization the system was able to support all functions but was unable to handle the various interactions that
the enterprise had with its suppliers and customers.
Even within the organization, some of the difficulties faced by managers were

 Only the current status could be accessed, such as open orders. But managers often need to look beyond the
current status to find trends and patterns for better decision-making.
 The data in the ERP application was not integrated with other enterprise systems and did not include external
intelligence.
 ERP systems could not meet all of the analytical and reporting needs of organizations.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are generally very expensive to install. They call for voluminous
and exorbitant investments in terms of time and money without guaranteeing the said benefits. The time taken
for an organization to migrate to an ERP system is quite substantial. Extensive training has to be provided at the
expense of existing working hours which can also result in a loss of business during the transition period. Apart
from the installation costs, companies also charge annual maintenance and renewal costs. These costs put
together may not justify the implementation of ERP systems especially for companies that are smaller in scale.

6. Implement Re-engineering process with example.

Business process reengineering is offered as an alternative to business process management,

which would generally be characterized by the horseshoe-style thinking above. Business
process management can be effective for making consistent improvements to sound
operations, but if there is a fundamental flaw in the nature of those operations, an alternative
is needed to identify the flaw and enforce adaptation.

The major aims of business process reengineering are reducing costs and improving quality.
Reducing costs by eliminating inefficiency can include restructuring departments,
redesigning processes, laying off redundant employees, and eliminating unnecessary
organizational layers. Oftentimes the “reimagining” characteristic of business process
reengineering also entails a transformation in company values.

Business Process Reengineering Examples

The ascendant popularity of business process reengineering since the 1990s means there are
many business process reengineering examples. The most illustrative and frequently
cited model is that of Ford Motor Company.
In the 1990s, Ford began to use business process reengineering to make itself more
competitive against global competitors such as Toyota, Honda, and Mazda. In comparing
operations to their more efficient Japanese competitors, Ford noticed they were employing a
hugely outsized number of people in their Accounts Payable division: 500 in comparison to
Mazda’s 100. Ford used business process reengineering to understand and solve the problem
of this overstaffing.

Ford found that every time their purchasing department wrote an order for a purchase, a
series of processes was triggered that required accounts payable to do not one but three
things,: process the order from the purchasing department, process the copy of the order sent
by the material control department, and process the copy of the receipt sent by the vendor. All
of this took place before the accounts payable clerk could match the three orders and finally
issue a payment. As part of the business process reengineering, Ford used digital technology
to totally redesign the process and eliminate the inefficiency.

7. Summarize the different tips for End-user training of ERP in detail.

1. PLAN FOR A COMPREHENSIVE TRAINING APPROACH

 Company-designed online course completion and resources

 Training a trainer who then trains someone in each department and each team
 Skipping the formal trainer and having designated people in each area become a department
or team trainer
 Train front line employees in a classroom setting
 On-the-job training
 Hiring a training consultancy firm

2. GATHER AND CREATE RESOURCES

An implementation company may have designed ERPs for thousands of businesses, but each
implementation is unique, and broader vendor-provided resources may not fully represent how the
end-user uses the ERP on a day to day basis. 

The reasons for company-specific resources are many, among them:

 Employees need a single source of truth that is well-organized and searchable

 Existing employees or IT may need the information to troubleshoot any issues
 As new employees join the ranks, they too need a consistent manual that guides the learning
process

3. MAKE IT RELEVANT
Human beings have limited memory storage capacity, and the memories that transition from short-
term to long-term memory are not fully at a person's discretion, meaning we do not remember
everything we learn. Instead, people remember what seems relevant to them, and subconsciously
discard the rest. The more relevant and in-context ERP implementation training is, the more your
employees will retain.

4. REDUCE STRESS
Studies have also shown that stress disrupts working memory, which is the ability to recall what
someone has learned when they need to apply that knowledge. Obviously, stress is not 100%
avoidable, and everyone experiences stress differently. Still, organizations can take steps to reduce
stress levels during any ERP implementation through proper planning, rollout, training, ongoing
support, and other implementation strategies.

5. COMMUNICATE THE WHY, THE HOW, AND THE WHEN

Business leaders understand the importance of communication in their organization. It is one
of the many reasons to invest in an ERP in the first place, but this communication has never
been more crucial than during ERP implementation.

 Workflow
 Inter-departmental communications
 Customer satisfaction
 Vendor relationships
 Organizational competitiveness
 The health of the organization, which generally equals more job security and
promotional opportunities

6. DON'T SKIP EXPERIENTIAL TRAINING

Many employees will not retain what they are shown unless they have an opportunity to do it
themselves, so creating opportunities for hands-on experience before go-live is crucial for success.

However, in many departments, employees "playing around" while practicing what they learned on
live software would spell disaster. ERP training simulations and step-by-step eLearning tools allow
employees to practice what they're learning in a mock setting, so they're more prepared when they
work on the actual company software.

7. KNOW WHEN TO GET HELP

There is a strong correlation between a well-planned and executed training program and the success in
ERP implementations, so it is worth noting that ERP training professionals may add tremendous value
to the implementation of something so massive and impactful in nature. An ERP implementation
failure could haunt a business for years, so exploring whether working with ERP training and
implementation experts may improve the process.

8. Summarize the important aspects of ERP training.

1. Plan well and start early:

It is very important to deliver training in the early stages of the ERP implementation. You
need to start the training exercise at least 15 months before the system goes live. Given
below is the ideal training schedule.
2. Ensure that the implementation vendor provides in-person support:
Many organizations, which have implemented ERP systems successfully, ensure that in-
person support is provided by their implementation partner during the course of the
implementation life cycle. Most companies use their implementation partners to train only
the super-users, as the latter charge heavily for delivering the training. The super-users,
who are trained thoroughly by the implementation partner, in turn train the end-users of the
system.
3. Integrate training with the ERP implementation strategy
Many organizations make the mistake of viewing training on ERP as an activity distinct
from implementation. This often results in training programs not getting the required time
and money. You can overcome this problem by integrating training with the framework of
your ERP implementation initiative. This allows you to allocate necessary resources for the
training program, as with other components of the ERP implementation.

9. Associate business function and business process with diagram.

Business process:

Business function

10. Sketch the role of enterprise in business.

11. Display the data model and its relationship with the real world.
12. Relate cross functional nature of business process.
Cross functional business processes are mandatory for process excellence (see video from my
last blog post). Cross functional business processes are different functional areas of an
organization working to complete the same piece of work, goal or aim. For example the
order fulfillment process, shown below.
 

The Sales Department generates & submits the order. It is then passed onto the Accounting
Department to check the credit of the customer, who after approval generates the invoice to
the customer. After credit approval the Manufacturing & Production Department know to
assemble the product and ship to the customer.
This is a clear example of how a firm uses cross- functional business processes to improve
efficiency and work in synchronization to get the order out.
13. Express the challenges faced in reengineering process.

The top challenges and factors affecting the implementation of business process reengineering
includes –

1. Inadequate Knowledge
2. Wrong Direction and Irregularity in Implementation
3. Unsuited Team Formulation
4. Insufficient And Incorrect Placement Of Resources
5. Unsound analysis and lack of support

Inadequate Knowledge
  The team must be clear on why and apparent on where to implement the reengineering
processes. This furthermore needs a proper prioritization of the business process for
reengineering.

 The employees must have appropriate knowledge for performing BPR, retouched with
substantial Business Process Re-Engineering training programs.

 The implementation, if done on wrong processes, is an utter waste of resources. With proper
training, guidance, and knowledge transfer, the business will see the correct process
implementation.

Wrong Direction and Irregularity in Implementation

 BPRE cannot trigger an instant competitive advantage. For visible growth, the process must
be followed through and through.

 But, that does not mean that BPRE works in every process of the organization. The
reengineering is unsuitable for many.

 Furthermore, when the company is able to achieve its benchmark once, the BPR practice shall
not be discontinued.

 An irregular BPR process hinders the many opportunities and growth that it comes with. The
objectives and expectations must be set and made more explicit.

Unsuited Team Formulation

 A well-defined team must be put on a constant look-out for any updates on all of its
processes’ Reengineering practice.

 The team should have not only proper knowledge but also include correct employee vital for
both operation and management.

 The team must be adequately structured and at least add a senior and operations manager
having the right set of business process knowledge and expertise.

 The team is thus completed with suitable engineers for every single field, i.e., from
manufacturing to IT, working under constant supervision in the set direction.

Insufficient and Incorrect Placement of Resources

 The lack of essential resources for a business process reengineering, in the first place, is
enough to break off the engagement between the organization and the reengineering process.

 When required, the proper resources must be readily available to the process in force at the
right time.

 The skilled human resources, adequate budgeting/funding, correct set of BPR tools,
knowledge directory and experience in the system in and out, availability, and timely
approval; all of these must be on- all set and ready to go.

Unsound analysis and lack of support

  The process milestones must be established and adequately analyzed beforehand. The data
and information essential for the procedure must be fully accessible to the team.

 Also, the team must be clear on what to analyze and prioritize for coordinated work without
wasting any precious time.

 The work must be relevant and free of any superficial knowledge. 

14. Outline the data warehouse importance.

What is data warehousing?
A data warehouse is a system that stores data from a company’s operational databases as
well as external sources. Data warehouse platforms are different from operational databases
because they store historical information, making it easier for business leaders to analyze
data over a specific period of time. Data warehouse platforms also sort data based on
different subject matter, such as customers, products or business activities.

Why is data warehousing important?

Data warehousing is an increasingly important business intelligence tool, allowing
organizations to:

1. Ensure consistency. Data warehouses are programmed to apply a uniform format to

all collected data, which makes it easier for corporate decision-makers to analyze and
share data insights with their colleagues around the globe. Standardizing data from
different sources also reduces the risk of error in interpretation and improves overall
accuracy.
2. Make better business decisions. Successful business leaders develop data-driven
strategies and rarely make decisions without consulting the facts. Data warehousing
improves the speed and efficiency of accessing different data sets and makes it easier
for corporate decision-makers to derive insights that will guide the business and
marketing strategies that set them apart from their competitors.
3. Improve their bottom line. Data warehouse platforms allow business leaders to
quickly access their organization's historical activities and evaluate initiatives that
have been successful — or unsuccessful — in the past. This allows executives to see
where they can adjust their strategy to decrease costs, maximize efficiency and
increase sales to improve their bottom line.

There are many exciting career paths available for students who are interested in working
with data warehouses or within the larger field of business intelligence (BI). BI
professionals include data architects, database administrators, coders and analysts, among
others.

BI professionals have a wide variety of educational backgrounds, but most employers look
for a degree in information technology. Learn more about Herzing's IT programs  here.

15. Infer the meaning of EIS.

An executive information system (EIS) is a decision support system (DSS) used to assist
senior executives in the decision-making process. It does this by providing easy access to
important data needed to achieve strategic goals in an organization. An EIS normally features
graphical displays on an easy-to-use interface.
Executive information systems can be used in many different types of organizations to
monitor enterprise performance as well as to identify opportunities and problems.

Techopedia Explains Executive Information System (EIS)

Early executive information systems were developed as computer-based programs on
mainframe computers to provide a company’s description, sales performance and/or market
research data for senior executives. However, senior executives were not all computer literate
or confident. Moreover, EIS data was only supporting executive-level decisions but not
necessarily supporting the entire company or enterprise.

Current EIS data is available company- or enterprise-wide, facilitated by personal computers

and workstations on local area networks (LANs). Employees can access company data to
help decision-making in their individual workplaces, departments, divisions, etc.. This allows
employees to provide pertinent information and ideas both above and below their company
level.

The typical EIS has four components: hardware, software, user interface and
telecommunication.

UNIT- III
1. Comment the reason for implementing MIS.
 The literature about management information systems (MIS) has been developed since the
1960s. An evolution of MIS can be divided into three periods: data processing, management
information systems, and strategic information systems.
 The first era, “data processing”, is mainly focused on improving the efficiency of business
through automation of basic information processes with not too much control over planning
or resources. The second era, “management information systems”, was concerned about the
enhancement of managerial effectiveness by satisfying widespread information
requirements.
 Managers of each organization came to realize the capability of information technology
resources and started to acquire their own systems to meet the requirements. The third era,
“strategic information systems”, focused on improving organizational competitiveness
advantages by affecting the overall organizational business strategies.
 Various characteristics of MIS are considered as important factors for the efficiency of MIS
which is to report with fixed and standard information; to have reports developed and
implemented using information system personnel, including systems analysts and computer
programmers; to require formal requests from user; and to produce scheduled and
demanded reports.
 In addition, external data are used by the MIS while it is not captured by the organization.
2. Summarize the history of SCM.
 In the late 1920s, the introduction of mass production along assembly lines laid the
foundations for supply chain management. First successfully implemented by Ford, the
idea of producing consistent products on a large scale with increased efficiency changed
trade and supply chains irreversibly.
 Mass production and the concept of interchangeable parts originated in the late 18th
century with weaponry in America and ship pulley production in England but had not
previously been combined with division of labor, continuous workflow and
specialization.

 Containerization, or container shipping, not only increased the quantity of available space
for goods, but also increased the speed of the freight movement while decreasing the cost.
The speed increase came from more effective warehousing processes as well as transport
terminal efficiency.

 Bar-coding was another game changer for the industry, finally being used in a
commercial context in the 1970s despite being patented more than twenty years before.

 Its adoption was spurred forward by a standard requiring an identifying number from the
US national association of food chains and subsequent research showing large increase in
profit from point scale scanning’.

 Once the barcode was adapted to become an internationally used standard, it could be
used from for monitoring of the supply chain both globally and internationally.
3. Outline the different phases of BPR.

4. Comment the reason for implementing DSS.

Decision Support Systems (DSS) help executives make better decisions by using historical and
current data from internal Information Systems and external sources. By combining massive
amounts of data with sophisticated analytical models and tools, and by making the system easy to
use, they provide a much better source of information to use in the decision-making process.
Decision Support Systems (DSS) are a class of computerized information systems that support
decision-making activities. DSS are interactive computer-based systems and subsystems intended
to help decision makers use communications technologies, data, documents, knowledge and/or
models to successfully complete decision process tasks.
While many people think of decision support systems as a specialized part of a business, most
companies have actually integrated this system into their day to day operating activities. For
instance, many companies constantly download and analyze sales data, budget sheets and
forecasts and they update their strategy once they analyze and evaluate the current results.
Decision support systems have a definite structure in businesses, but in reality, the data and
decisions that are based on it are fluid and constantly changing.
 5. Associate the SCM processes and participants.

ERP software doesn’t just enable supply chain management strategies; it informs your teams
and keeps them running at peak efficiency. This ensures your business runs smoothly in the
face of supply chain disruption. We can break down the role of Epicor ERP alongside supply
chain management into eight main categories:

 Purchase Management
 Demand Management
 Inventory Management
 Shipping And Receiving
 Warehouse Management
 Advanced Material Management
 Supplier Relationship Management
 Supplier Connect

6. Determine the Pros and Cons of EIS.

 7. Comment the reason for implementing EIS.

Determine the types of DSS.

Decision Support Systems (DSS) are a class of computerized information system

that supports decision-making activities. DSS are interactive computer-based
systems and subsystems intended to help decision makers use communications
technologies, data, documents, knowledge and/or models to complete decision
process tasks.

There are a number of Decision Support Systems. These can be categorized into
five types:

 Communication-driven DSS
Most communications-driven DSSs are targeted at internal teams, including
partners. Its purpose are to help conduct a meeting, or for users to
collaborate. The most common technology used to deploy the DSS is a web
or client server. Examples: chats and instant messaging software, online
collaboration and net-meeting systems.
 Data-driven DSS
Most data-driven DSSs are targeted at managers, staff and also
product/service suppliers. It is used to query a database or data warehouse to
seek specific answers for specific purposes. It is deployed via a main frame
system, client/server link, or via the web. Examples: computer-based
databases that have a query system to check (including the incorporation of
data to add value to existing databases.
 Document-driven DSS
Document-driven DSSs are more common, targeted at a broad base of user
groups. The purpose of such a DSS is to search web pages and find
documents on a specific set of keywords or search terms. The usual
technology used to set up such DSSs is via the web or a client/server system.
Examples:
 Knowledge-driven DSS:
Knowledge-driven DSSs or 'knowledgebase' are they are known, are a
catch-all category covering a broad range of systems covering users within
the organization setting it up, but may also include others interacting with
the organization - for example, consumers of a business. It is essentially
used to provide management advice or to choose products/services. The
typical deployment technology used to set up such systems could be
silent/server systems, the web, or software running on stand-alone PCs.
 Model-driven DSS
Model-driven DSSs are complex systems that help analyze decisions or
choose between different options. These are used by managers and staff
members of business, or people who interact with the organization, for a
number of purposes depending on how the model is set up - scheduling,
decision analyses etc. These DSSs can be deployed via software/hardware in
stand-alone PCs, client/server systems, or the web.

8. Comment the reason for implementing SCM.

9. Complete integration of ERP, supply chain, and customer relationship

applications.
A fully integrated ERP and CRM solution empowers your employees with access to the
information they need exactly when they need it. With the touch of a button, they can retrieve
inventory levels, shipments, customer financials, order history, returns, payments, pricing, etc.
Streamline business processes.

Let’s take a look at three benefits of merging your ERP and CRM software.

A 360 degree view of your customer. How well do you know your customers? One of the
biggest advantages of CRM and ERP integration is that it gives you a complete view of your
customer. From prospect, to sales and support, to finance and accounting, together these
systems provide complete visibility into your customers’ needs, buying habits, order history,
preferences, account standing, etc.
Better access to critical information. A CRM and ERP solution that is fully integrated gives your
employees the ability to access important information in real-time. Without it, your employees
are less efficient and your customers will pay the price. A fully integrated ERP and CRM solution
empowers your employees with access to the information they need exactly when they need it.
With the touch of a button, they can retrieve inventory levels, shipments, customer financials,
order history, returns, payments, pricing, etc.
Streamline business processes. In the past, without an integrated solution, many business
processes were manual and time-consuming. However, a key benefit to merging your ERP and
CRM software is enhanced productivity through streamlining processes and automating
workflow. Additionally, an integrated solution cuts down on the amount of duplication of data
entry tasks.
10. Predict the components of the e-business supply chain.
 The need for additional reduction in the costs as well as improvements in the
processes through the expansion of the tools for modern management in the
organizations from the supplier channels to the customer channels.
 The introduction of computerization and digitalization of the internal functions of the
organizations with new techniques, tools, and management methods.
 The need for efficiency and agility of the organizations in order that they can respond to
the higher demands of the customers whose growing demands and bargaining power
continually increases.
 The effort to optimize the organization by having lower inventory levels both in
manufacture and distribution by, in parallel, offering supreme quality and service.
 The deserting of vertical integration and functional oriented organizations.
 The tendency for outsourcing of some operational functions that are not the core of
the business to other organizations specialized in that field.
 The explosive expansion of global commerce and the opening of new markets that only
few years ago were closed.
 The e-business technologies, particularly internet, have enabled organizations of all
sizes to have a network and be closely connected with their partners and conquer and
compete for market share which were only possible before for the large corporations.

11. Infer the meaning of is MIS?

 A computer based system that optimizes the collection, collation, transfer and
presentation of information throughout an organization, through an integrated
structure of database and information flow.
 MIS is flexible and can be adapted to the changing needs of the organization

 MIS Reports are reports required by the management to assess the

performance of the organization and allow for faster decision-making. A
Management Information System, often simply referred to as MIS, can be
understood by looking at each of the words that make up the name.
  There is the management, the information, and the system. At the heart of it,
such a system is one that will provide important information to the
management of the company.

 The complexities of running businesses have made us more reliant on

advanced technologies which will remove any room for errors. On one hand,
it accurately states what a management information system does for the
management of the company.

 On the other hand, it cannot be overemphasized that management

information systems are very important to the smooth running of a business.
It is crucial that businesses opt for an automated management information
system is set up for better decision-making.

12. Express the ERP related technologies.

There are many technologies that help to overcome these limitations. These technologies,
when used in conjunction with the ERP package, help in overcoming the limitation of a
standalone ERP system and thus, help the employees to make better decisions. Some of
these technologies are:

• Business process reengineering (BPR)

• Management information system (MIS)
• Decision support system (DSS)
• Executive information systems (EIS)
• Data warehousing
• Data mining
• On-line analytical processing (OLAP)
• Supply chain management

13. Outline the data warehouse importance?

A data warehouse is a system that stores data from a company’s operational databases as well
as external sources. Data warehouse platforms are different from operational databases
because they store historical information, making it easier for business leaders to analyze data
over a specific period of time. Data warehouse platforms also sort data based on different
subject matter, such as customers, products or business activities.

Why is data warehousing important?

Data warehousing is an increasingly important business intelligence tool, allowing

organizations to:
• Ensure consistency. Data warehouses are programmed to apply a uniform format to all
collected data, which makes it easier for corporate decision-makers to analyze and share
 data insights with their colleagues around the globe. Standardizing data from different
sources also reduces the risk of error in interpretation and improves overall accuracy.
• Make better business decisions. Successful business leaders develop data-driven strategies
and rarely make decisions without consulting the facts. Data warehousing improves the
speed and efficiency of accessing different data sets and makes it easier for corporate
decision-makers to derive insights that will guide the business and marketing strategies that
set them apart from their competitors.

14. GIS meaning?

Things that brought the changes in GIS?

The world moved from desktops to servers to the web and then to mobile. As the technology
progressed, GIS also took this transition. GIS moved from being a desktop software, to be a server
based, to Web GIS and now to mobile GIS.

But, what made the change is the need for people to take advantage of the power of maps, the
power of location intelligence, the power of geography! Here are the aspects that brought this
change.

1. You no more capture/create/edit base maps to visualize: Since the availability of base

map data as web services, the hectic task of creating base data first slowly started to diminish.
Want a street data, satellite imagery, terrain data or even traffic and weather information. You
now have it at your fingertips in a GIS.
2. You no more need to install a GIS: Since the Cloud and Saas models started to get
popular, GIS is always there for you and your enterprise. It’s always up-to-date!
3. You don’t need to store it! It is always available as per your demand ― on PC, mobile or
tablet. Enterprises are taking the advantage of Cloud storage model of data.

UNIT- IV

Section - A (5 Marks)

1. Summarize top ten ERP packages for manufacturing industry.

a) Plex Systems: - Plex was one of them in the race to Cloud ERP solutions. They helped
pioneer the process and for that reason, they tend to be one of the more mature cloud ERP
systems out there.

b) Microsoft Dynamics 365:- This software offers a lot of capabilities, both within and
outside of the manufacturing space, and they continue to evolve and improve as they build
upon manufacturer functionalities.

c) Deacom :-This company is focused primarily on manufacturing ERP systems, which

shows their dedication to their space.

d) Infor Cloudsuite :- Infor Cloudsuite has historically focused heavily in the manufacturing

space.

e) SAP/S4 HANA:-Yes – we have a tie. SAP has very comparable results to Infor

Cloudsuite because it’s tailored to larger organizations with its broad capabilities.

f) Epicor :- Along with many others, Epicor is making its transition to the cloud space. They
bring a new sense of transparency and seamlessness into manufacturing operations that have
benefited many of our clients.

g) Oracle ERP Cloud: - Oracle has traditionally been used by upper market organizations,
and their legacy products have done great in manufacturing.

h) Acumatica :-This is a newer product that has been around for just over 10 years, but it’s
one of the fastest-growing ERP systems on the market.
 I) IQMS:-This product has been around for a long time and has been dedicated to the
manufacturing space since the beginning. IQMS is suitable for small to mid-sized
companies, and their biggest strength is the breadth of functionality within the manufacturing
space.

j) QAD:-QAD is a well-known manufacturing ERP solution across large, high functioning

manufacturing organizations, from automobiles to chemical manufacturers.

k) IFS: - IFS is a company based out of Europe, but they have become more well-known
across the globe in recent years. IFS is a manufacturing-focused product and it’s a great fit
for organizations with heavy project management.

2. Outline the ERP modules.

Ans: - Finance
Procurement
Manufacturing
Inventory Management
Order Management
Warehouse Management
Supply Chain Management
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
Professional Services Automation (Service Resource Management)
Workforce Management
Human Resources Management
E commerce
Marketing Automation
3. Summarize any ten sub systems of human resource management module.
(1) Performance Appraisal:
Performance appraisal is a process of rating or ensuring the performance of an employee of
his job. Performance appraisal is the assessment of an individual’s performance in a
systematic way.
(2) Potential Appraisal:
The object of potential appraisal is to develop latent abilities of individuals. Potential
appraisal provides vital information about individuals to prepare career plans for them.
(3) Career Planning:
Planning for Career makes employee grow in his working life time while unplanned careers
flopped.
(4) Training:
Training is an attempt to improve current or future employee performance by increasing an
employee’s ability to perform through learning usually by changing the employee’s attitude
or increasing his or her knowledge.
(5) Organization Development:
Organization Development intend to change beliefs, attitudes, values and structure of
organization that they can better adapt to new technologies, markets and challenges and the
dizzying rate of change itself.
(6) Rewards:
Rewarding employees for their excellent professional performance over and above their usual
wages and salaries boost up their morale and encourage others to work hard. 
(7) Counselling:
Counselling is an essential instrument of HRD. It serves several purposes. Counseling is a
service provided to the employees regarding their personal problems.
(8) Quality Circle:
Quality circle is a small group of people doing same or similar work. They meet voluntarily
together on regular basis for an hour per week, during office hours under the leadership of
their supervisor and trained to identify, analyze and solve some of the problems of their work
and submit solutions to management.
(9) Role Analysis:
Role is a set of expected behaviour patterns attributed to a person occupying a given position
in a unit. Every employee has a role to play.
(10) Human Resource Planning:
H. R. Planning is an integral part of business and organisation planning. It concerns with
detailed planning to establish the future human resource requirements at every level by skill
and category.
(11) Procurement and Placement:
It is one of the important sub systems of HRD. Procurement of human resources is done
through recruitment and selection.
(12) Job Rotation:
Jobs are rotated among the employees to increase their knowledge and skill required for
performance of various jobs.
(13) Quality of Working Life:
Employees are the assets of an organisation. To extract the best from employees adequate,
healthy and hygienic working conditions should be provided.

4. Outline the overview of Baan Company.

Baan Company is a developer of enterprise business management and client server software
systems. From its dual headquarters in The Netherlands and in Reston, Virginia, Baan
oversees a global organization of subsidiary and partnership companies, both for product
development and for distribution and implementation of the company's products.
Founded in the Netherlands in 1978 by Jan and Paul Baan, Baan became a major ERP vendor
operating in more than 80 countries. Its products support Unix, Windows NT/2000 and
AS/400 platforms.
In 2000, Baan was acquired by British company The Invensys Group. In 2003, the Baan
division was purchased by SSA Global Technologies, which immediately integrated the Baan
applications into its own supply chain and lifecycle management portfolio. SSA Baan ERP
retained its long-running name lineage until Infor Global Solutions acquired SSA at the end
of 2006.

5. Determine the Oracle Corporation.

Oracle Corporation is the largest supplier of database software and the second largest supplier
of business applications in the world. Our products include the Oracle8 database, server-
based development tools, and business applications for the front and back office.
The strategy for our database business is simple: decrease the total cost of ownership of
mission-critical database applications while increasing the quality of service. How? Minimize
the labor required to run your computer network. Moving database applications off user
managed desktop PCs and onto professionally managed application servers is the key.
Our business applications do more than automate back office processes. They automate the
front office too. And they provide the information that management needs: Our Applications
Data Warehouse monitors key business metrics and delivers fast answers to hard questions.
6. Complete a comparative assessment and selection of ERP packages and modules.
Complete a comparative assessment and selection of ERP packages and modules.
Formation of an evaluation committee: An ERP implementation is not an IT project but a
business oriented development. Therefore, in addition to Chief Information Officer, this
committee should comprise of all functional heads and driven by a top management
representative.
Requirement Analysis: This analysis should outline functional expectations of various
business divisions, such as warehouse, finance, procurement, from potential ERP package.
Vital requirements specific to the company should be highlighted e.g.
 Must have Distribution Requirement Planning (DRP) functionality.
 In transit inventory and pallet tracking, as a part of shipping requirement.
 Multiple purchase orders linked to one bill of lading.
 Multi currency and multi locations functionality.
Selection Criteria: A per-determined selection Criteria should be ready before actual
selection process commences. Selection criteria are normally in the form of questionnaire and
point system, where each question represents a business or technical need.
Selection Process: Selection process constitutes various stages as mentioned below:

A) Short listing of vendors.

B) Demo and Presentation.
C) Site visit and contract negotiations.

7. Determine the warehouse management system in ERP

Warehouse management system is automation software that streamlines everyday
operations in the warehouse. Every business whether online or offline needs a right
warehouse management software to manage their distribution channel. AWell-defined
WMS software boosts business revenues and fosters healthy business relationships with
various stakeholders of the business, such as vendors, customers, investors, and the internal
team.

Key Benefits of Warehouse Management System:

 Increase Labour Productivity
 Improve Warehouse Space Utilization
 Improve Inventory Visibility and Accuracy
 Increase On-Time Shipments
 Inventory Management

 Order Management

 Warehouse Inward

 Warehouse Outward

 RFID Bar-code Scanning-

 Returns Management

 Logistics Management

8. Comment on leading ERP vendor SAP AG.

In 1972 five former IBM employees -Dietmar Hopp,Hans-Werner,Hasso Plattner,Klaus
Tschira, And Claus Wellenreuther- launched a company called systems,Applications, And
Products in Data Processing (SAP) in Mannheim, Germany with a vision to develop standard
application software for real time business processing.With total revenues of $ 18.54 billion
in the financial year 2011, this company is now the recognized leader in providing
collaborative business solutions for all types of industries and for every major market.
Headquartered in walldorf,Germany, with locations in more than 130 countries and more than
61000 employees,SAP AG is the world leader in enterprise software and software-related
services.

9. Predict the benefit of people soft.

PeopleSoft is human resource (HR) software designed for small to medium-sized businesses.
Through the software’s set of highly-scalable apps, users can achieve a unique solution for
their complex business requirements. PeopleSoft is created to provide you with insights into
every transaction made by your company. 
The main benefits of PeopleSoft are its comprehensive feature set, general usability, and
scalability. Here are the benefits offered by PeopleSoft for your business process:
Workforce Management
PeopleSoft ensures policies and controls to your workforce through a suite of helpful
features, including forecasting workload demand and labor, capturing the working time and
absences, creating and identifying work schedules, and ensuring compliance to rules,
regulations, and laws. With this, you can ensure efficiency and productivity within your team.
Human Capital Management
To make your company compliant with the global marketplace’ regulations and requirements,
PeopleSoft covers policies for consistent reinforcement and a source of truth in reporting

business metrics. It even got an “embassy-grade” security to safeguard your company’s

sensitive data and protect your privacy.
Labor Regulations and Monitoring Management
PeopleSoft lets businesses regulate costs by providing critical labor data analysis in real-time,
including the overtimes and unplanned absences. The software helps you streamline the
entire process through a centralized platform, which can be used and viewed by managers.
They can either approve or disapprove the requests and solve the conflicts.
Talent Management
PeopleSoft handles the whole talent cycle, including recruiting, planning and learning. Add
also to that the career development, compensation, performance, and others.
Staff Service Delivery
 This feature can help your HR departments reduce its workloads.  All the leading tasks can
be done in a short period and it helps improve collaboration within the team.

10. Infer the meaning of JD Edwards.

JD Edwards EnterpriseOne is a suite of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software that is
developed and sold by Oracle Corporation.
JD Edwards EnterpriseOne contains more than 80 separate application modules designed to
support a wide range of business processes. The suite includes supply chain management
(SCM) software as well as applications for financial management, project
management, enterprise asset management, order management, manufacturing operation
management and operational reporting. The software suite also features mobile applications
that support both iOS and Android and can be used on smartphones and tablets. 
EnterpriseOne was originally developed by J.D. Edwards, an ERP vendor that released the
first version of the suite in 1997 under the name JD Edwards OneWorld. The name was
changed to JD Edwards EnterpriseOne after J.D. Edwards was acquired by PeopleSoft Inc. in
2003. In 2005, Oracle acquired PeopleSoft, and with it the JD Edwards technology. The
following year, Oracle announced that it would continue to develop and support JD Edwards
EnterpriseOne indefinitely.
11. Summarize top ten ERP packages for maintenance management.
Maintenance Management software automates the tracking and scheduling of maintenance
activities, enabling service organizations to operate proactively while reducing downtime and
increasing operating efficiency.
1. Felix

2. Aptien

3. EZOfficeInventory

4. Cryotos

5. UpKeep

6. Asset Panda
7. mHelpDesk

8. Verizon Connect

9. eSpace

10. Odoo

11. Determine the ERP vendors.

Determine a Vendor's Current Clients. …

Focus on Companies in the Same Industry. ...
Compare Project Scope. ...
Consider Company Size. ...
Verify the Consultants. ...
See the Application in Progress. ...
Be Prepared and Ask Questions. ...
Determine How the Vendor Handles Changes.
Does the Vendor Deliver Within Budget?
Consider the Culture
12. Complete SAP products with examples.
Major units

SAP S/4HANA (Enterprise Resource Planning on-premise and cloud)

 SAP Business By Design (SME Cloud Enterprise Resource Planning)

 SAP Business One (Small enterprise Enterprise Resource Planning)

 SAP CRM (Customer Relationship Management)

 SAP ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)

 SAP PLM (Product Lifecycle Management)

 SAP SCM (Supply Chain Management)

 SAP SRM (Supplier Relationship Management)

 Business software

 SAP Advanced Data Migration (ADP)

  SAP Advanced Planner and Optimizer

 SAP Analytics Cloud

 SAP Advanced Business Application Programming (ABAP)

 SAP Apparel and Footwear Solution (AFS)

 SAP Business Information Warehouse (BW)

 SAP Business By Design (ByD)

 SAP Business Explorer (Bex)

 SAP Business Objects Lumira

 Platforms and frameworks

 SAP Cloud Platform (Its brand name is removed in January of 2021 in favour

of SAP Business Technology Platform)

 SAP Enterprise Services Architecture

 SAP Net Weaver Platform

 SAP Net Weaver Portal (formerly SAP Enterprise Portal)

13. Express Microsoft dynamics.

Ans: - Dynamics 365 Business Central

An all-in-one business management solution that connects financials, sales, service, and
operations to streamline business processes and improve customer interactions.

User Minimum: 1

Target Organization Size: 10-250

Capability: Core capabilities across finance, operations, supply chain, and project
management.

CRM: Inbuilt CRM capability, offering Outlook integration with opportunity management

and customer service capability.
 Fully integrated cloud-based ERP and CRM solution that can help enterprise-level
operations optimize operational efficiency, improve strategic planning, and increase
workforce productivity.

User Minimum: 2

Target Organization Size: 250+

Capability: Advanced capability across finance, operations, manufacturing, and supply

chain.

CRM: No CRM capability but Dynamics 365 for Sales is included with the full Dynamics
365 purchase plan.

14. Comment on QAD.

 In 1979, QAD was founded by Pamela Lopker, who was later joined by her husband
Karl Lopker, as a small start-up solution to address a large gap in complete, integrated
business software for manufacturing companies.

 We began with a few local customers, supporting them from our headquarters in
Santa Barbara, California. But as our customers took their brands to the next level—
international—we adapted quickly to keep up.

 Today we support customers in over 100 countries around the world. Our products
have gone global, too, and we have spent years innovating and growing our offering
as our customers expand their businesses overseas.

 You’ll often hear us say that at the heart of QAD is a strong and loyal customer
community. We really believe that to create the best full-featured manufacturing ERP
software for our customers we need to work together.

 We pride ourselves on our customer engagement and our commitment to continually

evolve as the manufacturing industry changes.

 It’s been over four decades; we still focus solely on manufacturing—we live and
breathe it every day alongside you. Together we are building an Adaptive
Manufacturing Enterprise.