SCH4U Chapter 5.

1 Thermochemistry

Define the following terms:

• Thermodynamics
• Thermochemistry
• System
• Surroundings
• Heat
• Temperature
• Endothermic
• Exothermic
• Enthalpy
• Enthalpy Change

B) Energy Change
Example:
2H2(g) + O2(g) 2 H2O(l)
2 H-H + O=O 2 H-O-H

• When bonds are broken (ie. In reactants), energy is absorbed.

• When bonds are formed (ie. Products), energy is released.
• The net effect determines whether a reaction is endothermic
or exothermic.

Endothermic
energy to break bonds > energy released from bonds formed
Exothermic
Energy to break bonds < energy released from bonds formed

H2(g) + ½ O2(g) H2O(l)

Exothermic reaction (-‘ve H or enthalpy)
H = -285.8 kJ/mol
1) and 2) Thermochemical Equation

1) H2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) H2O(l) H = -285.8 kJ (exo)

H2O(l) H2(g) + ½ O2(g) H = +285.8 kJ (endo)

2) 2H2(g) + 1 O2(g) 2H2O(l) + 2x285.8 kJ (exo)

H2O(l) + 285.8 kJ H2(g) + ½ O2(g) (endo)

3) Molar Enthalpy
State the type of reaction and the net enthalpy in terms of
kJ/mol.
Ie. The enthalpy of formation of water is Hf = -285.8 kJ/mol H2O
The enthalpy of combustion of hydrogen is Hcomb = -285.8 kJ/mol
H2
Formation = synthesis of pure elements only
Ie. The enthalpy of combustion of methane is Hcomb=-100.5
kJ/mol CH4
CH4 + 2 O2 => 2 H2O + CO2 Hcom = -100.5 kJ/mol CH4
CH4 + 2 O2 => 2 H2O + CO2 + 100.5 kJ
4) Enthalpy Diagram (exothermic reaction)

H2(g) + ½ O2(g)
Energy H= -285.8 kJ/mol
(H) H2O(l)

Reaction Progress

Enthalpy Diagram (endothermic reaction)

H2(g) + ½ O2(g)
Energy H= +285.8 kJ/mol
(H) H2O(l)

Reaction Progress
 Practice Q1 , pg 226

a) N2(g) + O2(g) + 180.6kJ 2NO(g)

b)

2 NO(g)
Energy N2(g) + O2(g H= 180.6 kJ
(H)

Reaction Progress

c) 180.6kJ = Y
2 mol NO 1 mol NO

Y = 180.6 kJ x 1 mol NO
2mol NO

Y = 90.30 kJ or 90.30 kJ/mol NO

Therefore the enthalpy change of one mole of NO formed is 90.30 kJ

d) MM(N2) = 28.02 g/mol m = 1.000 x 102 g N2

n = m/MM = 100.0 g N2/(28.02g/mol N2)
n = 3.5688 mol N2

180.6KJ = x
1 mol N2 3.5688 mol N2

x = 180.6 kJ/1mol N2 x 3.5688 mol N2

x = 644.5 kJ
HW Q. 2, 3, 4 pg. 226 Q 1-7 pg. 232-233