Name: _______________ Date: _______________

13.3 Classifying Hydrocarbons

Definitions

a) Alkanes: _______________________________________________
b) Alkenes: _______________________________________________
c) Alkynes: ________________________________________________
d) Saturated Hydrocarbons: __________________________________
e) Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: _______________________________
f) Aliphatic hydrocarbons: _________________________________
g) Homologous series: _______________________________________

1) Alkanes

a. The general formula for alkanes is: ______

b. Copy the examples in figure 13.11.

c. Copy the table on pg. 546 (table 13.2).

d. Do Q 1-4 pg. 545

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Name: _______________ Date: _______________

e. Naming Branched Alkanes

There are three parts of a hydrocarbon name. For example: 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.

What are the 3 parts to this name and describe what each part indicates:
(pg. 13)

i. Prefix – (ex. “2,2,4-trimethyl”) Describes the type of branch and the location
on the main chain. It also describes how many of each branch.

ii. Root – (ex. “pent-“) Describes the number of carbons in the main (or
parent) chain. Note it is the longest continuous chain of carbons.

iii. Suffix – (ex. “-ane”) Describes the number of bonds (single, double or
triple) in the parent chain.

Copy Figure 13.15, 13.16, 13.17 pg. 549 for 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.

f. Longest Chain
It is important to note that branches may be part of the main chain and must
be included in the root name. The root consists of the longest continuous
chain even if it appears that it is a branch. Copy the diagrams in Step 1-4 pg.
548 for clarity on this. Using a highlighter to see the main chain helps.

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Name: _______________ Date: _______________

g. Do Q 5-7 pg549-552

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Name: _______________ Date: _______________

2) Alkenes
a. Alkenes are much more reactive than alkanes because of their double
bonds. The ending of their compound names is “____”. Take for
example, 1-butene:
b. The general formula for an alkene with one double bond is ____. The
shape around the carbon which is double bonded is ________________.
c. Naming alkenes is similar to naming alkanes, however, the parent (main)
chain must have the double bond in it ____________________________
d. Copy the drawings in step 1-4 pg. 556 for 2-ethyl-1-butene

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Name: _______________ Date: _______________

Note that in the new IUPAC naming system, the number identifying the location of where
the double bond starts is included before the suffix, not the root. For the above
compound, the proper name is 2-ethylbut-1-ene. However, for purposes of chapter 13
and learning basic naming, you can use either method.

e. Do Q 8-10 pg. 557-558

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Name: _______________ Date: _______________

f. Cis/Trans Isomers
Given that in a trigonal planar shape one about the double bond, there are 2
configurations for alkenes. There is the cis formation (2 hydrogens on the
same side of the double bond) or trans formation (2 hydrogens across each
other on the double bond). Copy Figure 13.23 pg. 558. This shows the
hydrogen locations for cis/trans. __________________________________

g. Do Q 11-14 pg. 558

3) Alkynes

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Name: _______________ Date: _______________

a. Alkynes are even more reactive than alkenes or alkanes because of their
triple bonds. The ending of their compound names is “_____”.
b. The general formula for an alkyne with one triple bond is _____. The
shape around the carbon which is triple bonded is _________.
c. Naming alkynes is similar to naming alkanes. Like alkenes, in alkynes the
parent (main) chain must have the triple bond in it.
d. Copy the diagrams in figure 13.24 and name them.

1. ___________________ 2. __________________ 3.
______________

e. Do Q 15-16 pg. 560

Note that in the new IUPAC naming system, the number identifying the location of where the triple
bond starts is included before the suffix, not the root. This is the same as alkenes. For example
3-methyl-1-butyne is the old method, but the new correct method would be 3-methylbut-1-yne.
However, for Chapter 13, you can use either the old or new method of naming

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Name: _______________ Date: _______________

4) Cyclic Compounds
a. Many hydrocarbons are in ring shapes, not long chains. In order to do
this, 2 hydrogens are removed from the first and last carbon and attach to
each other to form rings. Cyclic compounds are unsaturated compounds.
b. The root of the compound is the cyclic ring. Numbering starts at the
substituted group. Take for example 1-methylcyclohexane. This is the
name of Figure 13.28 pg 562. Copy the line diagram and the name.
Note, when 1 is the only choice, the number is often dropped. So
1-methycyclohexane is called methylcyclohexane.

c. The general formula for cycloalkane with one ring is _________

d. Naming cyclic compounds is similar to naming alkanes, however, the
parent (main) chain is considered the ring if it is larger than the branches.
e. Numbering starts at the substituted group. If there is more than one
branch, then go either clockwise or counter clockwise to get the lowest
number combination.
f. Alkenes and Alkynes are always given priority in numbering in cyclic
compounds. Then go clockwise or counterclockwise (in direction of the
double or triple bond) to get lowest number combination of substituted
compound.
g. Draw Figure 13.27, 13.28, 13.29, 13.30 and name them. (Hint: in 13.29,
the substituted groups are on 1,3 not 1,5. In Figure 13.30 the substituted
branch is on the number 3 carbon).

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Name: _______________ Date: _______________

h. Do Q 17-18 pg. 563

5) Summary: Naming Aliphatic Compounds (pg.565-566)

a. Use a concept map or table and write in your own words the important
concepts you’ll need to remember. Here are a reminder of some Rules.

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Name: _______________ Date: _______________

Concept Map

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Name: _______________ Date: _______________

b. Section Review - Do Q 1-8 pg. 566-567

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Name: _______________ Date: _______________

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