ExPERIMENT 1 5

AIM
lo Cnim he presena a unchiamal gMoup PreseJn
h e qiven Or9au Conpouincds.

PRoCEDURE
S.No. Expeimen ObaewatHom Ineneme
C.S. +bue tmus tuma ed Compournd rmay
have caboic
aud or pholi
9M0up
Brisk Efervesemme co6H noup
G.S.4a pinch a NaH(D
CO2 Canitinecd
1.2 G.s. +thanol+ 2-3chopa AsweeAmllung cobH9oup
ocom. H304axm gud callod a fwthe caninm
wstex ia farmad ad
2.GS+ neutral fe sol Red Bue G1eEn Phemelic -OH J
Puple group io obin coirm
3. G3. 4Ca904 t Napiece Brisk es&ntaAldhokt -OH ia
Coy med
3.1GS.+ ethanoic aud+ swedsmelang Akdholic-CH roup
2-3 dropsof cont: Hs4 iaac Lstex is form- twther conirma
het
3.2
3.2&.3. t Ceicommowumm|A sod colow. Alcohoic -OH gHeup
nitroeAoluhiom
GS Fehling's sd"A An oramge Aed ppt -CHO qroup is
Fehling's Sol"B.waa ud Coted
4. G.S.+ToHen's maaqed A Dailvex mrroT i-CHo group i
CAgNoNaOH+NM,0H) . formed inthe innex fth&r confiraed.
LDal test-tube.
P.T-O
(HEMI CAL EquATIONS InvoLvED
J.1 R-COOH+ Na HC0 > COt H,Ot R-C0ON
R-COOH + O4CHOH cOn.p
1.2

OH
warm R--0-CH-+0
3
. +Fe
Ferric
Fe(o +HO
Phenol. Chloicde
2R-OH + 2Na CaSP 2R-ONa t HT
3.1 R-OH + coOH oH4
H-C-0- R
3 wam

3.2

A RCHO+ 2 + 5 OH > R-co

L

Felnlivs Sol"

A.1 RCHO + 2 j N ) > + 3 0 RCOO24 tt

+2H,0
5
G.S.Sodium nitrapru-ATed colouxod ol"-Co-(Kedone)
-9sided NaOH group is coalmte
G.S.+alc. ko+ An ollraive 3 mel A primauy
6
CH waxm asouyanide ENH, 9rcu
c&me LCmrned
6. G.S. Rept in. ice +Am crunge 94ecldye. AnNH,9TDup
NaNo,t dil HW in oradd. diredy coanetd
cAice coled 3alutn| o benzemenudty
aalc.B-napkdn) ka cmiioaad_
(HEMICAL EquATIONS NvoLVED
5. C-C-CH + "OH

Fe CCN)No +o-
FeCNNO.OLCOo
Red ColouT adian
6.1 CHsNH HNO, +HU GANa +2H0
Ariline) (Nitrous Addl) Banzene duazoum
chlovde
+
OH
OH
-Naphthn
6. RNH+ CHd+ 3K0H
RNC+
llayl 3KU + 3H0
souamidle
 ExPERTMENT:6

ALM
Totest
thepresence. of CaubohydTates, prrotiema Qmcd
ods a mutieuts in agvm food 3ample

HEORY
coohydates giues positive testwith molisch's
teaged Rediunmg- Augax(4lucese). give positive
teat t h Fehli oLucionn d Tõuem's Reagent.
Nom-Recducimg. Augd_qiveA positive 9tanch iodlde
test. Protfemsue pcositive tovste biuerat test.
Ond Xanduyoproteic tex Fatswhn 8queczl
betweemolos o papol eave a shimy
ansuceat afth..

PRoCEDURE.
S.NOEcposaimenit Obeevaho Tnference
|Given fspel saple+ MolishsPunple sing at the(axbolhydrades ane
Teageotcom490,(alemgcere/jurtion eanirmal (may be
he aideo he tut tubs)lHn lquida Heducoqron-reduuixa)
2. Given sample +Iocine No Chamqe Caubery dxate i
soluhon. a aici Buga.
3 Giwn Sample+ fehing'sOTmge syad ppt oaboydraté sa
At fohling's B sol" heat HeduueimgAugan
Ktucore onirm
Givem saple + Tolens
Sivemirror S Glucase onimal.
ReagevtAaNo+ NaOH1aotuined om ime
NHOH)+. wam in walls a test tube
uate Radh
P.T-O.
 6
Sample + GuSo4 t NatkH. 8uish Voi let Protien
colouMacion. Comirmed
Sample + Cc. 4 Yelowish ppt Protin
HNO t heot. COitmed
Samplet heat tD A shiwinq drmb-Fat
dy& uesldue a -Duceu padtn. Conimed
presec betuwean
|dhefod's of he
te pape
ReSULT
Givenooc Sampe comtaums Caslbohyduate3
ecucig Aug) Prateink amd ats
 ExPERIMENT -11

ou ae given hwo test tube 4 k8 containlng rotein

Cnd jadtaepasuateky Apply uitable Aests tanfirm
heir poRmca.

IHEORY
Poroteins give pesitive Biuret test & Xanthoproteick
test
Faxsapzeae sajueezed between tolds a ilte
PapenJeave ashiny txanalucet patH _o give
positive Acrolien tbt
IPRoCEQURE
S.No. Expeximent Obsexuoaticm Tnlaxence._
Sarmuple A+ uSo4 t NaOH Bluish veilet coloratiornPotr
Comlirmed
Sacmple A+Cinc HNtheat|Yellowish ppt. Protein
(omirmed
3.Sacmple Bt GSt NaOH No Bluish voilet Fas ax
Coloraim ComfiTme
SaommpleB+ Come. HN0.heat No Yleuwish_ppt FaBs me
Compmeo
S.Sale Ashet to.dbu k o skining ctramalu- Sample i net
Mesidhue s is paed -cet_path s. Jat/Protein
behwemthe olda COmimed
ltex pap.
6 Sarple Bt heat o duA Aiy translucaa Fats aue
amd s d u e As pord pateh o s2em coitmecd
baemthe joldy
l t e pope
 Sarmple Bt KHs0t Strongirri tating Fab oue
hea Amo Confircned
ReSUu B_cantains
SampleA Containu proteins ommple
a
 ExPERIMENT 18
AIM
You a e
given wo
test tubes AgBcomtauming
lucosek stardh sepoadel Apply Autzble tut
o Comtitm hair prre»emtd

THEORY
Cabchyduates give posibve test with Molisch s Recqet
Kaducimg Aug Gtusse)ajves.pcsitive tast wit
onlis Solucim uen's Hengant..
Nom
Jodine
dduumg
9o auga 4ive qositive estuit
olin
PROcEDURE
S.No Expouioneaat Obaaxuatina Inteneate
. aiven food Sample A MolischsPurple uingatthe Ca borudxates
RngetCant Flhso4(alomaumctiom o the aeconirmed
Hhe side Hhe test tube huo Liqyids reducig non xeduu'y
2 Given SaonpleA+ Todine NocharngA Cavtoudrate
laxedudna Augax
33.Sammple A+ Fehling'A + Orume xed pptGucos
Fohling's B s01hec Conin mecd
Samapte A Tollen's
Raqenc aND+NaoH+N4,04SleN mirror
+udbn in wate bah.obtaimed am the Conitmed
melwalds af the
test tube
5 Samaple 3t idine_salutin Buishuniletcolaradion. Stath iscayime
Sanaple Rt FerlinsAt Fghling2BNo orme pst Staschis chio
REULI
mple A covdaims Gucose qmd Sawmple B covuains Stanch
 ExPERTMENT 19
ATM
lo
stucy he od e
camothrathica a/ the Hato o
9neactit betwn 8liumm
acid. hio-suwphate Hudrrocntri
HEORy
Velocity a seachen inreases Jwith
Comcodtetiem_acrd tempeyatuM Itdheincrasa m
Jmas beoa obsee
hot uwhem Juoe jnaease ho
comcetadin by two
imes the velouty a ueachiom doubles. Aodium
thiosulph
SARActs th Hyddodilenic Acid anod orma clloidal
Aeudion a bulphu ohich makes the Acduion
The seacdon akig pac opaue.
Na, S, aa)2Hce
SodsumTio Sulphadde_ Nalant H0t3ot+ Se-
)
MATERTAg KepuIRED
Beaeo (25m), bunete, pipate bunatte strnad, stopuarl
Lwte pap
Chemical: M/20 Sodium thicsulphate so amdIN HAaaid
ouhicevM

PRocEDURE
.daun dho canical loak, oitth wate k aaed them 2,3,4k
S91epetiveky.
Jake 1Ol,sal,20ml,40al&50al a Nao NaS0 3a
in gach lask with the hlp a? bwathë Hespechivel
33.Add 40ml30al, 20al & 10vd distiUed uad in lask
 23& 4 Hespectivaly so hat voume af Lach soutton
in ada Hask is 56tne.
4
Jake lOml ap M HCOin a deat tube wrth the hepa
Jbuxouutte.
5Add Oywl ap HA Atd comical Hask umbe 1 amd
stud he dpwdth. Shake 3he cotemt> o fhe couca
asR place it g n a dile o white papen t h a coros
masuk
Ropeni he peimet with lasks 2,3,4 25 md note
Ane ime Jhea he cros) mcuk jut becomesinvisible

oy oddina10ma HCLin sach laak

PLoING OF ? GRAPH
Plot a gaph actwem He cmceaationa a Aodum Iio-
Sulpate&the Hme taken foa the cTOSe tojust becmne
invisible-
I tis seaslvisible dhdh e ucte a 10a.ciins
desreasigoitu ne decrLO in cantgndratim a
Sodiun HoiDsulphade.

RESUCTL
Rate
Pode a ueacttn Jbctuweom N , and HUincanesuit
ncreas in cmaaadute, Je uate a achiom a diredls
Prcpodional to CoMcemtrcuicm a Heactanta (Na,6,)

PRECAUTzONS
Appasuduwb shoudd be horougluly cleamed.
Mune fhe voume ab No,,6 H kdistlad watex
caaeuoD
3taud he stopwath immidiely aftetadding Hce td
Na,S sol"
 OBSERVATIONS
S.No. Vol. a N20 Total va. Conc.af Vol.o
water Sofh
Hu
Tme to
Cin me) Cim m) tDT CT
Cin ml) Gin l)
td bem
ADm 5Om 0.01 invisib
2.
3.
20 m 30m 50m O02 615s
20m 50 m O.03
40 m JOm 1043
5 50 m
50m 0.04 10m
Ome 50m 0.0S
553
GRAPH
0.06
CO

O.04

O03
C02
O.01

S026O 2 s0 300 350 46 a<D SoD SSo (DO

Tme ivn (S)
A
 ExPERTMENT 20

ATM
To tucuythe lect a temnpeHatuHe on he suate a
60
1achom betwen sodium aypoAulplhate
HU. Yo ave

provideby M20 S0lutians a he tuoo Aubstauras.

THEDRy
gemexal he Ate a Heacim increases Juwm inorase
n
n Tenapodusre. This becawse incocRcbe m iemp.ete
h e Heaing msleoles,
inCr0es he kinehic m o g y ap
poss.ossi activoio
heneby h e nuambex a moleDes
nesq eegt jncreCA MesuDtHqin inCrecde m numbex
Hee sate a Heactim inremes
ive collisums.
act dempmatwnt
I A oeved that Jor evey io ise an
suate o oaacim inaeaxes wice oT Hhrice
he also
The siate aHcticm betweom Na,Saamd HU
ernpeHatwme..
nreaAes with he jmcTease n
Na, S +ARUL«4
Rate p smeacim Come me0AuAedby he mee-
JalRer rp4eupitacticm ap Aulphu to make
the
h e

Soluica opaaue..
MATERTALS REpuIRED
l0d m ccucal lask Thermomete
2 m 1Om pipele Taipoetand
Wire gauze A Atopuatca.
 PROCEDVRE
Put 25ml0.05M Solium Thiosulphate solution in
cleam loOm conical Hask
Place he lask ona cross maur om a ile and rete he
tempexcatne a he soluion_usivq hemomte
33Add
Add lDml o olb5 M HU indo it immideatel stat a
Atdpuateh
. Stop he stopuoadth as Joon as he (ToSsmuR juat
beccmex imuisibe.
5. Put s ml a soluhim into amother clea
0.05M No,S,0,
to
o
ICDml covcallask Heat the fask an thefira guza
a3 temmplahuste oP 30°c. Note the tempeahye a the
Soludicm atss plicinq it am a piece pnted phpet
Add 1On o.o5M HC L staset a Atopcateh.Note he
timeorprreiptutina o Alphu to make heradA
invistble

Repect h e Saome zpaiment Jer 35, 40 4s°¢. wsing

e n olutin o a O k H0 achtme

REsLT
Rate athe HeatHion. imTRUAeS t h inease n .
empcihuue

PRECAUTIONS
Note the dempemcdune q NaS,0 befome adding kcg.
Bing Na outin upto desirecd dempexdduue & he ad

Soludton hould be Stirred w ell ba/ores Jakiq e

Sina adivg
 OssERVATION
25m
Volume a Otak en
HC add 1Oml.
Volume e =

S.N
Tempatuwre in C Tirme taken Jor Cross to
b
invisuble. insecomold.
25°C 63S
2. 30°C 34S
3SC 29S
40 2ss
5 22

s GraPH

S0
40

20

20 30 AD SO Co
-Tirne s)
 38
ExPERIMENT 21

ATM
pTapaue colloidal solution o Atuc.

THEORY
Staxdh foTms a Ayophi Lic Aouhion when uwatn s
JAded ashe disptaa medium The formaicmo
Aolutiom JA acelencctocl by heotin The stanch Aohui
cam oe prepatedJoy heating atach and uwateat
oout 1bo'. dt á quitstaole and ia mot oected dog
Ana preseme aA_Onu impuuty.
ApeARATUs REQUIRED
BeaReu fummel tripod
4lass Re tpapPe bwne
festle mor tas

M4TERIALS KEQUIRED
SolubRe Stanch 500) distillecd oatey

PRoCEDURE
Take 500q stancm att in a mortar and add distilled
wotex o i t
2G7ind he stach to make a paste and trumafu
hudn a 500ml beake
Take loo ml u t e in 250mL beakeK ard heat the
oeakex i0 waten boils
4. Pou the paate Jvto he beake with comstqnutstiuu'lag.
S.Cantinue boiling fer l0mi. &then cool
6. Filte he cartemts beakex oy filte papey
 Pabte o Stuscl
D

Gla Kod
Beakest
 ExPERIMENT 22
AIM
1oppae euc hydxoude Fe COH),) souhom.

THEDRY
Feuuc ydroide forms uphobic s0lutim. Aubatance
Audhas melak hudroide oruWphidos which aue insoubk
md donst ueadu qive colUbidal soluhon on Araating
uwith waston aue called lypphobic.colloidb.
Fesuc ydrcocideia prepasec by udrolygis o exuc
daloaide n hoilina disthled uatoA. Rachio
Fe.c 3H,d heat Fe CoH),4 3H.
This uydrolysis pacdures myakuble te(oH)panticles
whlca ndege Agqlomanisatfon Jo ueild bigge
paouicles acollaidal dimensim. Thet paites dhsorb
Fe34 preeuably to give tve chasge do soluton patilea
Huohidhis produced cuing Jaudrosis driea hodstablze
Jhe soudton k hene ii be aemoved from solutim
dialusisoTheruise solution wil mat be ohble
APPARATUS REdUIRD
onitaflask Beae JunneL.
Glas Roc Irn Pod Triped
Buwm Roumd botomed Hlask.
MGTERIALS REqUIRED
31 oludicn oFettg (prepuned by dissoluing
n l00Tm! disilled waten
 Stearm
vopel o be rleoved
Galas Tube
Fuwwal

Stegm
disHlec water
WITe qauze
ProCEDURE
Takea 250 m conical fak amd cleam it
2To twis Jluk add I00m distiled wadex staot baili.
3Add Feda solution deopuwige o the boilin uooten
4.ndinue nectig unti deep Hed /breun oluion o
te CoH b obtushod.Repkace the watex lost
by
Lvapouton duingboiling a Hequlat intexdls
5Keep he conteut o corial Hsk umdistuubad
gor sanmetime in Hoon dempaNatune.

PRECAUTIONS
The appasctua Ahould be thounoughly cleamecl
22Heaigiia cnnh nued U_disiras solu obtaivecl.
3 HO Stmo be Rmoued by dialysis
4Add Feda dropuise.

BedDA

D a b Coll DoRE