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Diferencijalnu jednačinu oblika
y′ + p( x) ⋅ y = q ( x) ...............................................(1)
zovemo linearna diferencijalna jednačina prvog reda. Pri tome su
p ( x ) i q ( x ) poznate funkcije.
⇒ y =e ∫ =e ∫ ⋅ eC1 ⇒ y = C ⋅ e ∫
− p ( x ) dx + C1 − p ( x ) dx − p ( x ) dx
, C = ± eC1 ≠ 0
y′ = C ′( x) ⋅ e ∫ − C ( x) ⋅ p( x) ⋅ e ∫
− p ( x ) dx − p ( x ) dx
y′ = q ( x ) − p ( x ) y = q ( x ) − p ( x ) ⋅ C ( x ) ⋅ e ∫
− p ( x ) dx
Izjednačavanjem dobijamo:
− ∫ p ( x ) dx − ∫ p ( x ) dx − ∫ p ( x ) dx
C ′( x) ⋅ e − C ( x) ⋅ p ( x) ⋅ e = q ( x) − p ( x) ⋅ C ( x ) ⋅ e
− ∫ p ( x ) dx
′
q ( x) = C ( x ) ⋅ e
C ′( x) = q( x) ⋅ e ∫ p ( x ) dx
⇒ C ( x ) = q ( x) ⋅ e ∫ p ( x ) dx
dx + K ,
Rješenje:
2 x2
a) y′ + 2 xy = 2 x e
e x y′ + p ( x) ⋅ y = q ( x)
b) y '− tgy = q ( x) ⋅ e ∫ p ( x ) dx dx + C
y=e ∫
− p ( x ) dx
cos y ∫
c) 4 x + 2 x′y = cos y
ex
y '− tgy =
cos y
4 x + 2 x′y = cos y