3.

FRAMEWORKS FOR
ETHICAL DECISION-
MAKING:
Making good ethical decisions
requires a trained sensitivity to
ethical issues
and a practiced method for
exploring the ethical aspects of
a decision and
weighing the considerations that
should impact our choice of a
course of
action. Having a method for
ethical decision making is
essential.
When practiced regularly, the
method becomes so familiar
that we
work through it automatically
without consulting the specific
steps.
This is one reason why we can
sometimes say that we have a
“
moral
intuition” about a certain
situation, even when we have
not
consciously thought through the
issue. We are practiced at
making
ethical judgments, just as we
can be practiced at playing the
piano, and can
sit and play well “without
thinking.” Nevertheless, it is not
always advisable
to follow our immediate
intuitions, especially in
particularly complicated or
unfamiliar situations. Here our
method for ethical decision
making should
enable us to recognize these
new and unfamiliar situations
and to act
accordingly.
The more novel and difficult
the ethical choice we face,
the more we
3. FRAMEWORKS FOR
ETHICAL DECISION-
MAKING:
Making good ethical decisions
requires a trained sensitivity to
ethical issues
and a practiced method for
exploring the ethical aspects of
a decision and
weighing the considerations that
should impact our choice of a
course of
action. Having a method for
ethical decision making is
essential.
When practiced regularly, the
method becomes so familiar
that we
work through it automatically
without consulting the specific
steps.
This is one reason why we can
sometimes say that we have a
“
moral
intuition” about a certain
situation, even when we have
not
consciously thought through the
issue. We are practiced at
making
ethical judgments, just as we
can be practiced at playing the
piano, and can
sit and play well “without
thinking.” Nevertheless, it is not
always advisable
to follow our immediate
intuitions, especially in
particularly complicated or
unfamiliar situations. Here our
method for ethical decision
making should
enable us to recognize these
new and unfamiliar situations
and to act
accordingly.
The more novel and difficult
the ethical choice we face,
the more we
3. FRAMEWORKS FOR
ETHICAL DECISION-
MAKING:
Making good ethical decisions
requires a trained sensitivity to
ethical issues
and a practiced method for
exploring the ethical aspects of
a decision and
weighing the considerations that
should impact our choice of a
course of
action. Having a method for
ethical decision making is
essential.
When practiced regularly, the
method becomes so familiar
that we
work through it automatically
without consulting the specific
steps.
This is one reason why we can
sometimes say that we have a
“
moral
intuition” about a certain
situation, even when we have
not
consciously thought through the
issue. We are practiced at
making
ethical judgments, just as we
can be practiced at playing the
piano, and can
sit and play well “without
thinking.” Nevertheless, it is not
always advisable
to follow our immediate
intuitions, especially in
particularly complicated or
unfamiliar situations. Here our
method for ethical decision
making should
enable us to recognize these
new and unfamiliar situations
and to act
accordingly.
The more novel and difficult
the ethical choice we face,
the more we
3. FRAMEWORKS FOR
ETHICAL DECISION-
MAKING:
Making good ethical decisions
requires a trained sensitivity to
ethical issues
and a practiced method for
exploring the ethical aspects of
a decision and
weighing the considerations that
should impact our choice of a
course of
action. Having a method for
ethical decision making is
essential.
When practiced regularly, the
method becomes so familiar
that we
work through it automatically
without consulting the specific
steps.
This is one reason why we can
sometimes say that we have a
“
moral
intuition” about a certain
situation, even when we have
not
consciously thought through the
issue. We are practiced at
making
ethical judgments, just as we
can be practiced at playing the
piano, and can
sit and play well “without
thinking.” Nevertheless, it is not
always advisable
to follow our immediate
intuitions, especially in
particularly complicated or
unfamiliar situations. Here our
method for ethical decision
making should
enable us to recognize these
new and unfamiliar situations
and to act
accordingly.
The more novel and difficult
the ethical choice we face,
the more we
3. FRAMEWORKS FOR
ETHICAL DECISION-
MAKING:
Making good ethical decisions
requires a trained sensitivity to
ethical issues
and a practiced method for
exploring the ethical aspects of
a decision and
weighing the considerations that
should impact our choice of a
course of
action. Having a method for
ethical decision making is
essential.
When practiced regularly, the
method becomes so familiar
that we
work through it automatically
without consulting the specific
steps.
This is one reason why we can
sometimes say that we have a
“
moral
intuition” about a certain
situation, even when we have
not
consciously thought through the
issue. We are practiced at
making
ethical judgments, just as we
can be practiced at playing the
piano, and can
sit and play well “without
thinking.” Nevertheless, it is not
always advisable
to follow our immediate
intuitions, especially in
particularly complicated or
unfamiliar situations. Here our
method for ethical decision
making should
enable us to recognize these
new and unfamiliar situations
and to act
accordingly.
The more novel and difficult
the ethical choice we face,
the more we
3. FRAMEWORKS FOR
ETHICAL DECISION-
MAKING:
Making good ethical decisions
requires a trained sensitivity to
ethical issues
and a practiced method for
exploring the ethical aspects of
a decision and
weighing the considerations that
should impact our choice of a
course of
action. Having a method for
ethical decision making is
essential.
When practiced regularly, the
method becomes so familiar
that we
work through it automatically
without consulting the specific
steps.
This is one reason why we can
sometimes say that we have a
“
moral
intuition” about a certain
situation, even when we have
not
consciously thought through the
issue. We are practiced at
making
ethical judgments, just as we
can be practiced at playing the
piano, and can
sit and play well “without
thinking.” Nevertheless, it is not
always advisable
to follow our immediate
intuitions, especially in
particularly complicated or
unfamiliar situations. Here our
method for ethical decision
making should
enable us to recognize these
new and unfamiliar situations
and to act
accordingly.
The more novel and difficult
the ethical choice we face,
the more we
3. FRAMEWORKS FOR
ETHICAL DECISION-
MAKING:
Making good ethical decisions
requires a trained sensitivity to
ethical issues
and a practiced method for
exploring the ethical aspects of
a decision and
weighing the considerations that
should impact our choice of a
course of
action. Having a method for
ethical decision making is
essential.
When practiced regularly, the
method becomes so familiar
that we
work through it automatically
without consulting the specific
steps.
This is one reason why we can
sometimes say that we have a
“
moral
intuition” about a certain
situation, even when we have
not
consciously thought through the
issue. We are practiced at
making
ethical judgments, just as we
can be practiced at playing the
piano, and can
sit and play well “without
thinking.” Nevertheless, it is not
always advisable
to follow our immediate
intuitions, especially in
particularly complicated or
unfamiliar situations. Here our
method for ethical decision
making should
enable us to recognize these
new and unfamiliar situations
and to act
accordingly.
The more novel and difficult
the ethical choice we face,
the more we
3. FRAMEWORKS FOR
ETHICAL DECISION-
MAKING:
Making good ethical decisions
requires a trained sensitivity to
ethical issues
and a practiced method for
exploring the ethical aspects of
a decision and
weighing the considerations that
should impact our choice of a
course of
action. Having a method for
ethical decision making is
essential.
When practiced regularly, the
method becomes so familiar
that we
work through it automatically
without consulting the specific
steps.
This is one reason why we can
sometimes say that we have a
“
moral
intuition” about a certain
situation, even when we have
not
consciously thought through the
issue. We are practiced at
making
ethical judgments, just as we
can be practiced at playing the
piano, and can
sit and play well “without
thinking.” Nevertheless, it is not
always advisable
to follow our immediate
intuitions, especially in
particularly complicated or
unfamiliar situations. Here our
method for ethical decision
making should
enable us to recognize these
new and unfamiliar situations
and to act
accordingly.
The more novel and difficult
the ethical choice we face,
the more we
3. FRAMEWORKS FOR
ETHICAL DECISION-
MAKING:
Making good ethical decisions
requires a trained sensitivity to
ethical issues
and a practiced method for
exploring the ethical aspects of
a decision and
weighing the considerations that
should impact our choice of a
course of
action. Having a method for
ethical decision making is
essential.
When practiced regularly, the
method becomes so familiar
that we
work through it automatically
without consulting the specific
steps.
This is one reason why we can
sometimes say that we have a
“
moral
intuition” about a certain
situation, even when we have
not
consciously thought through the
issue. We are practiced at
making
ethical judgments, just as we
can be practiced at playing the
piano, and can
sit and play well “without
thinking.” Nevertheless, it is not
always advisable
to follow our immediate
intuitions, especially in
particularly complicated or
unfamiliar situations. Here our
method for ethical decision
making should
enable us to recognize these
new and unfamiliar situations
and to act
accordingly.
The more novel and difficult
the ethical choice we face,
the more we
3. FRAMEWORKS FOR
ETHICAL DECISION-
MAKING:
Making good ethical decisions
requires a trained sensitivity to
ethical issues
and a practiced method for
exploring the ethical aspects of
a decision and
weighing the considerations that
should impact our choice of a
course of
action. Having a method for
ethical decision making is
essential.
When practiced regularly, the
method becomes so familiar
that we
work through it automatically
without consulting the specific
steps.
This is one reason why we can
sometimes say that we have a
“
moral
intuition” about a certain
situation, even when we have
not
consciously thought through the
issue. We are practiced at
making
ethical judgments, just as we
can be practiced at playing the
piano, and can
sit and play well “without
thinking.” Nevertheless, it is not
always advisable
to follow our immediate
intuitions, especially in
particularly complicated or
unfamiliar situations. Here our
method for ethical decision
making should
enable us to recognize these
new and unfamiliar situations
and to act
accordingly.
The more novel and difficult
the ethical choice we face,
the more od
ODTOHAN, QUEM
write your own 2 issues/experiences from real-world situations about
frameworks and principle behind moral disposition. utilize the handouts for
your reference.
 Selfish approach
A variant of the utilitarian approach is known as ethical egoism or selfish ethics. In this
approach, individuals often use utilitarian calculations to produce what is best for them.
Ancient Greek Sophists such as Thrasymacus (c. 459400 BC) have famously claimed that it may
be correct, and early modern thinkers such as Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) can be regarded as
the pioneers of this approach. increase. One of the most influential supporters of ethical
egoism is the Russian-American philosopher Ayn Rand (1905–1982), in his book The Virtue of
Self-Egoism (1964), for self-interest. Claimed to be a prerequisite for self-esteem and respect
for others. .. There are many similarities between ethical egoism and free-spirited economic
theory, and the pursuit of selfishness is in the interests of society, even though the interests of
society are only seen as a happy by-product of the individual's self. Is expected to lead to-
selfishness, not the end.

The DutyBased Approach The dutybased approach, sometimes called deontological ethics, is most commonly
associated with the philosopher Immanuel Kant (17241804), although it had important precursors in earlier
nonconsquentialist, often explicitly religious, thinking of people like Saint Augustine of Hippo (354430), who
emphasized the importance of the personal will and intention (and of the omnipotent God who sees this interior
mental state) to ethical decision making. Kant argued that doing what is right is not about the consequences of
our actions (something over which we ultimately have no control) but about having the proper intention in
performing the action. The ethical action is one taken from duty, that is, it is done precisely because it is our
obligation to perform the action. Ethical obligations are the same for all rational creatures (they are universal),
and knowledge of what these obligations entail is arrived at by discovering rules of behavior that are not
contradicted by reason. Kant`s famous formula for discovering our ethical duty is known as the “categorical
imperative.” It has a number of different versions, but Kant believed they all amounted to the same imperative.
The most basic form of imperative mood is: Lies are unethical because there is a saying, "A person should
always be", for example, "act only according to that maxim that can become a general law at the same time."
Lie. I couldn't generalize. Such a saying would make every speech meaningless. But you can generalize the
maxim "always speak honestly" without running into logical contradictions. (Note that the duty-based
approach does not say anything about how easy or difficult it is to carry out these maxims, and it is our duty as
a rational being to do so. Please.) For our own universal reasons, we act autonomously (self-coordination) and
are therefore bound by the obligations we impose on ourselves as rational beings. So we are free to choose to
commit to moral law (we do). For Kant, the essence of ethical behavior is the decision to obey universal moral
law.