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Augmentation Systems
Professor Terry Moore
Professor of Satellite Navigation
Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy
The University of Nottingham

Version 0909
Motivation for Augmention

• GPS and GLONASS

– not designed for safety-of-life operations
– no performance guarantees

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– accuracy not sufficient for all operations
– cannot always be ‘trusted’
– single-state control
– no liability in case of failure
• Need additional components
– to improve performance
– to provide some performance guarantee
– to address liability issues
Accuracy and Integrity

• Accuracy
– The degree of conformance between the estimated or
measured position and/or velocity of a platform at a

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given time and its true position and/or velocity.
• Integrity
– The assurance that all functions of a system perform
within operational limits
AND
– the ability of the navigation system to provide timely
warnings to users when the system should not be used
for navigation.
Space-Based and Ground-Based
Augmentation Systems

• Improved Accuracy
– Differential Corrections
• Improved Integrity

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– Independent Integrity Data
– Additional Ranging Sources
-> better 'self-checking' (RAIM)
• Improved Availability and Continuity
– Additional Ranging Sources
– and as a consequence of improved integrity
Space-Based Augmentation
System SBAS

• Wide Area Ground-based Network

– Wide Area DGPS corrections
– Independent Integrity Monitoring

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• Communications Satellites
– Broadcast DGPS and IM data to users
– Provide additional Ranging Source,
via GPS-like signal
Space-Based Augmentation
Systems - SBAS
EGNOS - Europe, WAAS - USA
MSAS – Japan, GAGAN - India

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European Geostationary
Navigation Overlay Service
European Tripartite Agreement

Development,
Deployment
Technical Validation

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Institutional and policy matters,
User requirement,
European Radionavigation Plan

Mission requirements for civil aviation,

operational test and validation for aviation,
support for safety regulation
SBAS - EGNOS

3 Satellites GPS
EGNOS &
GLONASS

6 NLES
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Ranging &
Integrity
Navigation Monitoring
Land Earth Stations
Stations

2 Support
Facilities

4 MCC
Mission
EWAN EGNOS Wide Area Network
Control
Centers
EGNOS Services

Commercial
Open Service Safety Of Life
Service
Transmission RF signal RF signal
Ground network
means (L1 frequency) (L1 frequency)

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Reference EGNOS MRD EGNOS MRD EGNOS MRD
Guarantee of
Guarantee of compliance to Guarantee of
None
Service ICAO standards compliance to SLA
(certification)
SIS + Guarantee
EGNOS data +
Definition of SIS only of compliance to
Guarantee of
the Service (free-to-air) ICAO standards
compliance to SLA
(certification)
Pedestrian, in-car
Aviation, Maritime,
navigation,
railway, road
Typical user Pedestrian, in-car research (e.g.
(tolling),
communities navigation
emergency
atmospheric,
tectonics), high-
services
precision GNSS
EGNOS Service Area

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EGNOS Initial Timeline

2000 … 2004 2005 2006 … 2008

EGNOS System
Test Bed

EGNOS

Development &
Deployment
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Operations
Preparation Non Safety of
Life Signal

Initial Operations Safety of Life

Signal

Continuous Operations

Galileo
 EGNOS Revised Timeline

Augmentation to Galileo
Pr o d u ct s &

Safety of Life Service

S er vi c e s
EG NO S

Commercial Service

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Open Service

Long Term Operations , Extensions and Replenishments

Pr o gramm e
E G NO S

P ha s es

IOP Phase

Definition Phase

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Critical Factory Operational Operations Operations

Design Qualif. Readiness Definition Qualification
Review
Review Review Review Review
EGNOS Status

• Initial Operations
– Initial Operation Phase on-going
– Technical qualification was achieved in 2005
– All technical certification features will be available in 2008

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– Operational Review & Systems Qualification Review
completed in 2008.
• Satellites
– AOR-E, PRN 120/33, operational 2006
– Artemis, PRN 124/37, MT 0, testing
– IOR-W, PRN 126/39, operational 2006
• Signals & Services
– Wide Area Differential function (WAD), some ranging
– Open Service from July 06 … maybe October 09
– Commercial Service? Safety of Life Service ?
– Certification and service introduction planned in 2009
EGNOS Status Summary

• Assets transferred from European Space Agency to

European Commission
• European Commission will contract operator ESSP

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(2009)
• Broadcasting signals of “excellent quality”
• Will not officially enter into operations until Autumn
2009 (October expected)
• Certification for aviation by end of 2010
• Geographical service extension
WAAS
Wide Area Augmentation System

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WAAS Schedule

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LPV = Localiser Performance with Vertical

WAAS Schedule

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GEO Satellite Improvements

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WAAS Navigation Services

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Instrument Approaches

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WAAS LPV Performance

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WAAS Avionics

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Latest Non-Aviation
GPS/WAAS Receivers

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Japanese MSAS

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Japan Multifunctional Transport
Satellite (MTSat)

• MTSat-1 failed launch 1999

• MTSat-1R Feb 2005 140° E
• MTSat-2 Feb 2006 145° E

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Ground-Based Augmentation
Systems - GBAS

• Local DGPS Reference Station

• Local Integrity Monitoring Station

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• Local Data Link
• Pseudolites
– Gound-based ‘pseudo satellites’
– Additional Ranging sources
– Data link capability
• Better Accuracy and Time-to-Alarm
than SBAS
WAAS/LAAS Implementation

WAAS

En Route
Oceanic
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En Route
Domestic
Terminal Approach Surface

LAAS
Local Area Augmentation System
LAAS
Local Area Augmentation Service

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U.S. Local Area
Augmentation System (LAAS)

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