MARIO FABIÁN EK ESTRADA

2005444
MI41BIS
MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY
Materials selection

Physical (size, shape, weight of the material needed, as well as the space
available for the component – they are related to the treatment of the material
- Mechanical (they have to do with the ability of the material to
Withstand the types of efforts that are imposed) Failure Criteria.
- Processability and fabricability (related to the ability to shape the
material)
-
- Duration of the components (related to the time during which the
materials perform the functions for which they have been intended, in the
environment to which they are exposed)
- Costs and availability (in a market-driven economy these two factors are
inseparable)
- Codes, statutory factors and other factors Codes: are sets of
requirements that are imposed on the material or component (ASME,
ASTM, SAE)
Statutory factors: related to local regulations,
State and governmental or federal (depending on the country) regarding the
materials and the procedures used or the manner in which the materials are
disposed of.

Material Classification

Composition, by its origin, according to its physical-chemical properties, from

the point of view of manufacturing, etc.
Depending on their origin, materials can be classified into natural materials and
artificial materials, depending on whether they are found directly in the natural
environment or are the result of some manufacturing process. For example,
granite is a natural material, while steel is an artificial material.
According to their composition, materials can be classified into elements and
compounds, homogeneous and heterogeneous, metallic and non-metallic,
inorganic and organic, etc.
Depending on their properties, materials can be classified as rigid and flexible,
tenacious and brittle, conductors and insulators, recyclable and non-recyclable,
etc.
Material Failures
Information regarding how a component failed after being
Put into service.
The sources of material failure can be classified into:
- Design deficiencies
- Deficiencies in the selection of the material: this aspect recommends that
materials should be chosen based on the possible failure mechanisms,
the types of loads and stresses and the environmental conditions (such
as temperature and corrosion) at which they are likely to occur. Materials
are exposed.

-Material imperfections
- Manufacturing and treatment deficiency
-Assembly errors
-Inadequate service conditions.
The choice of material (cast iron, aluminium, steel, copper, …) and the
manufacturing process (casting, forging, stamping, extrusion, …) depends in a
first approximation on 4 groups of criteria; technical (intrinsically linked to the
material), economic (recurring and non-recurring charges), technology (in
relation to the transformation or assembly process) and eco-design. The final
choice is often the result of a compromise between these different criteria.
Technical criteria
They may include, depending on the CoC of the part, and limitations on
operation:
Mechanical properties (Rm, Rp0.2, elongation, fatigue strength limit)
Hot holding operation (220°C, 400°C,…) in continuous or peak
The density (seeking relief)
Wear resistance
Thermal (or electrical) conductivity or diffusion
Corrosion resistance (salt spray for automobile)
Economic criteria
By virtue of economic criteria, we can integrate, in a more general way, the
control of supplies, the availability of sources and the foreseeable evolution of
prices.
Xxx Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the following:
The price is important (and its possible evolution)
The ease of finding a supplier (source) with the selected process and material
Recurring costs (VA process) and non-recurring costs (prototype, serial
equipment, initial development, initial samples) and tool life
Other indirect costs (packaging, transport, …, quality control)
Technological criteria
Technological criteria related to the environment of the part affect the ease of
application of the subassembly.
The set (along with other materials)
The machinability or the possibility of deformation (cold or hot)
The possibility of automation of the manufacturing process
The subsequent heat treatments or surface treatments (anti-corrosion, …)
Eco Design Criteria
These criteria are more recent (and related to the concept of sustainable
development) and therefore more difficult to assess relevant and objective
failure of reliable data and way back and taking into account the impact on the
entire life cycle of the product.
These criteria may include:
The impact in terms of CO2 emissions (greenhouse gas or, more generally) of
the material success process and the (integration of primary production,
transport, …)
The impact in terms of ease of recycling or ease of disassembly at the end of
its useful life
The depletion (or not) of world reserve material and the possibility of easily
finding alternative materials to perform the same function
Societal impact

Material Quality
There is a growing tendency for materials to arrive on site with their quality
certified in advance. It happens, however, that a universally accepted
certification system has not yet materialized and, at present, various systems
coexist (and this in all countries) of different reliability. Therefore, it is important
to know them in order to judge the validity of what is offered to us in each case.

Certificate of origin. It is a manufacturer’s certificate stating that your product

meets the corresponding specification. It does not have great real validity, but it
can have it for the purposes of legal responsibility if, later, a problem arises.
Sometimes it is accompanied by test results. In which case its validity is
greater.

CONCLUSIÓN Y BIBLIOGRAPHY

The selection criteria for materials is mainly based on their properties.

•When selecting a material, its availability, the abundance of the material, and the proximity
to the place where it is needed must be taken into account.

•The quality of the material to be used must always be verified in order to provide a product
that satisfies the customer.

Programa de la Asignatura Ciencia de los Materiales de la Ingeniería Química. 2010.

Introducción a la Ciencia de Materiales para Ingenieros, J. F. Shackelford, Pearson 6º Edición,

2005.

Materiales. Estructura, Propiedades y Aplicaciones, J.A. de Saja Sáez. M. A. Rodríguez Pérez,

M.L. Rodríguez Méndez, Thomson, 2005.

Ciencia de los Materiales, W. González Viñas, H. L. Mancini, Ed. Ariel, 2003.

Materiales para Ingeniería, Van Vlack, CECSA, 1984.

Ciencia e Ingeniería de los Materiales, Callister, Reverté, 199

Degradación de Materiales – Corrosión, J. R. Galvele, G. S. Duffó, Ed. J. Baudino,

2007.