WATER AND WASTE WATER ENGINEERING

CLASS PROJECT

KOTHAGUDEM MUNICIPAL COUNCIL

BHADRADI DISTRICT

TOPIC:

AUDIT OF WATER AND WASTE WATER

INFRASTRUCTURE FOR OUR CITY.

Submitted by

Sayyed Abdul Khaliq

18CE10051
Introduction:
Item Description Particulars

I. GENERAL INFORMATION
Name of the Town KOTHAGUDEM

District BHADRADRI KOTHAGUDEM

Location 85 km from Khammam town

Latitude & Longitude 17°33’ N Latitude and 80°37’ E Longitude

Elevation (Average) 115 m above MSL

Connectivity NH-221 (which connects Vijayawada and

Jagdalpur)
Boundaries Bhadradri kothagudem has 3 urban agglomerations
- kothagudem Municipality
- palvancha Municipality
- yellandhu Municipality

The region of my project is kothagudem

Municipality
II. TOWN/ ULB PROFILE
ULB Type/ Grade Municipality/ Grade-I

Municipal Area 16.10 sq-km.

Election Wards 33 nos.

Population (Census 2011) 79,850

Road Length 203 km.

III. EXISTING STATUS OF WATER SUPPLY

Water Supply Service Level 135 LPCD

Source of Water Supply KTPS Canal

Service Reservoirs 5 No. ELSR's

Distribution Network 100% coverage w.r.t Households

Sewerage System Does not exists

Service Reservoirs 5 Nos. Existing (900 kL, 1650 kL, 1800 kL, 1200kl,
1000kL Capacity)

Existing WTP 25 MLD near Yellandu X roads

Existing Feeder Mains and AC pipelines

Distribution Network
 ,

Schematic Diagram of Proposed Water Supply Scheme for Kothagudem

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT:
2.1 Background :

•Kothagudem is a grade-I Municipality in Bhadradri Kothagudem district, Telangana. It is

spread over an area of 16.10 Sq. Mts having a population of 79,850 as per 2011 Census.
The Municipality is divided into 33 Municipal wards.

•The major source of water for Kothagudem town is Kinnerasani Water Supply Scheme and is
commissioned during the year 2000 to provide potable water supply. Kinnerasani Reservoir is
the surface water source for the present scheme and is located at a distance of 25 Km from
the town.

•The project area is limited to Kothagudem Municipality boundary comprising approximately

of 16.1 sq-km. The project is designed taking into account for 30 years projection and the
horizon year as 2048 considering one year for execution and completion of the project.
2.2 Population Forecast & Water Demand Assessment:

• Past population data at the beginning of each decade starting from 1971 to 2011
(provisional) for Kothagudem town has been collected from Census of India for
analysis. The population growth rate of the town (within its municipal area) during the
last five decades been worked out to assess the growth pattern of Kothagudem
Municipality.
• Population projections have been done using standard population projection methods
viz. Arithmetical Increase Method, Geometrical Increase Method and Incremental
Increase Method etc. as recommended by CPHEEO’s “Manual on Water Supply &
Treatment - 1999” for various stages of the proposed scheme viz. base year (2018),
intermediate year (2033) and ultimate year (2048).
• Estimation of present and future estimation:

Year Population Population Incremental Geometric

increase increase growth rate
1961 69728
1971 75542 5814 0.077
1981 94894 19352 13538 0.204
1991 86951 -7943 -27295 0.091
2001 79721 -7230 613 0.091
2011 79,850 129 7359 0.002
Total 40468 -5785

Average KA= 8093.6 I= -1446.25 Kg= 0.048

=8094 =-1447
 By Arithmetic mean method By Incremental Increase Method
(Present population) present population
Population in 2020 (0.9 decades) Population in 2020 (0.9 decades)
= P2011+ KA x n P2020= P2011+ (KA x n) + [ I x { n(n+1)/2}]
=79,850 + 8094x 0.9 =79,850 + (8094 x0.9)+ [-1447 x
=87135 {0.9(0.9+1)/2}]=85897
Future population
Future population
Population in 2031 (2 decades)
Population in 2031 ( 2 decades )
P2031= P2011+ (KA x n) + [ I x { n(n+1)/2}]
= P2011+ KA x n
=79,850 + (8094 x2)+ [-1447 x
=79,850 + 8094x 2
{2(2+1)/2}]=91697
= 96038
Population in 2050 (3.9 decades)
Population in 2050 (3.9 decades) P2050= P2011+ (KA x n) + [ I x {
= P2011+ KA x n n(n+1)/2}]
=79,850 + 8094x 3.9 =79,850 + (8094 x3.9)+ [-1447 x
=111417 {3.9(3.9+1)/2}]=97591

By Geometric mean method

(Present population)
=Population in 2020 (0.9 decades)
=P2011 x ( 1 + Kg)n
=79,850 x (1 +0.048)0.9
=79,850 x 1.048^0.9
Kothagudem show declining patterns at faster rate than = 83291
the existing rate due to its consideration as coal mining
area which has led to the larger displacement of Future population
population in last few decades. As the town is famous for Population in 2031 (2 decades)
its industries such as SCCL, KTPS, Navbharat Ventures
limited which eventually increase employment for the =P2011 x ( 1 + Kg)n
nearby villages in future thereby escalate the population =79,850 x (1 +0.048)2
flux.
=79850 x 1.0482
•So Ultimate population and corresponding clear =87700
water demand for the year 2048 as considered
for design are 1,30,670 and 20.75MLD Population in 2050 (3.9 decades)
=P2011 x ( 1 + Kg)n
=79,850 x (1 +0.048)3.9
=79850 x 1.0483.9
= 95870
EXISTING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM:
• Protected Water Supply Scheme to Kothagudem Municipality with Kinnerasani
Reservoir as source was completed and commissioned during the year 2000 with a
total cost of about Rs. 22.39 Crores.
• Water demand at the rate of 9.56 MLD being catered through the protected water
supply scheme to achieve average per capita rate of 120 LPCD as desired at
consumer end.
• At Kinnerasani headworks, Raw water been pumped from KTPS canal at Kinnerasani
Dam to Filter Bed (25 MLD capacity) at Yellandu X Roads through transmission main of
800mm dia. PSC pipeline of about 16 Km length. Subsequently after treatment, clear
water been stored in a Ground Level Storage Reservoir (GLSR) of 1.2 ML capacity
located within the premises of WTP and further clear water been pumped to nearby
ELBR.
• Moreover clear water been fed to 5 nos. of ELSRs with 9m & 12m staging height of
6.55 mL total capacity serving respective zones by means of gravity main(s) of
600/500/400mm dia. AC pipeline. Ultimately clear water been served to households
from various ELSRs through pipelined distribution network of 150 km long A.C pipes
with minimum size of 100mm dia. laid in year 2000 which is spread all over the town.
However to achieve desired rate of supply @ 135 LPCD at consumer and to improve
the performance, the existing system is proposed for augmentation under the new
scheme.
THE SALIENT FEATURES OF THE EXISTING WATER SUPPLY S CHEME
 Source Surface Source: Kinnerasani River (Primary) – Intake from
K.T.P.S Canal
Subsurface Source: Borewells (Secondary)

I. Groundwater Total Yield: 1.83 MLD

Scheme No. of Borewells: 201 nos. Total (47 Power Pumps + 154 Hand

II. Kinnerasani Water Year of Commissioning: 2000

Supply scheme Intake: From KTPS Canal at Kinnerasani Dam, 25 km. far from the Town

Headworks Location: Near Kinnerasani Dam/Project

Intake: KTPS Power Canal
Connecting Main: 2 rows of 600mm dia. RCC s/s pipeline
Raw Water Sump: 10.5 m dia. RCC circular GLSR
Raw Water Pumps: 3 Nos. 150 HP capacity of HSC c/f type
(50% standby i.e. 2W+1S)
Design Discharge of Pumps is 152 LPS against 50m design head
Transmission 14 Km long 800 mm dia. PSC (14 kg/cm2) pipeline
Network(Raw Water from Headworks at Kinnerasani Dam to Filter Bed at Yellandu X Roads
RisingMain)
Water Treatment Plant Location: Near Yellandu X Roads
Capacity:25.0 MLD
UNITS: Flash Mixer, Clari-flocculator, Rapid Gravity Filters (4 nos.)
& Chlorination
Clear Water Pump Location: within WTP premises (at Yellandu X Roads)
House SUMP: 16.5 LL capacity (clear water storage GLSR)
PUMPS: 3 nos. 50 HP capacity of HSC c/f type
(50% standby i.e. 2W+1S)
Design Discharge of Pumps is 121 LPS against 20m design head

Feeder Network AC class-10 Pipelines of 600/500/400 mm dia. for a total length of 16 km

(From WTP to various i. 600mm dia. from Filter Bed to Surya Palace Hotel ….. 6 km
Service Reservoirs) ii. 500mm dia. from Surya Palace Hotel to Ramavaram OHT 8 km iii.
600mm dia. from Surya Palace Hotel to Writer Basthi OHT ….. 2 km
Service Reservoirs 1) At Main Hospital, Old Kothagudem – 9.0 LL capacity, 12m staging
(Total 5 nos. serving (Zone-I)
distinct Zones with 2) Near Rythu Bazar, M.G.Road – 16.5 LL capacity, 15m staging (Zone-II)
65.50 LL total storage 3) At Writer Basthi – 18.0 LL capacity, 15m staging (Zone-III)
capacity) 4) At Ramavaram – 10.0 LL capacity, 12m staging (Zone-IV)
Near Filter Bed, Yellandu X Roads – 12.0 LL capacity, 15m staging (Zone-V)
Periodicity of Water Once in two days
Supply
Hours of Water Supply 04
WATER DEMAND ASSESSMENT :
The water supply distribution zones are described in the
following sections. The Zonal water demand has been assessed
based on the projected population of the wards that fall in a
particular Zone. The details of proposed zones and the
corresponding water demand
Details of Zone wise Water Demand

Ward Composition Population Water Demand (KLD) Description of

Zone Ward Nos. (2048) Service Reservoir of
2033 2048 the Zone
ID (% coverage)
2018

Zone-1 3, 4, 5 & 6 (100%) 15,543 1673 2052 2469 Existing ELSR of 900KL
capacity with 13m staging
height at Main hospital

Zone-2 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 38643 4158 5101 6137 Existing ELSR of 1650 KL
30, 31, 32, 33 capacity with 15m staging
(100%) & part of 24 height at Rythu Bazaar
(80%)
Zone-3 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, 34871 3752 4603 5538 Existing ELSR of 1800KL
capacity with 15m staging
18, 19, 20 (100%) height at Writer Basthi

& Part of 21, 22

Zone-4 8, 9, 10, 11, 26211 2821 3460 4163 Existing ELSR of 1000 KL
capacity with 12m staging
12 & 13 (100%) height at Ramavaram
Zone-5 1, 2 7413 798 979 1177 Proposed ELSR of 500KL
capacity with 15m staging
(100%) height near Sai Baba Bhajan
Mandir at Hanuman Basthi
Zone-6 21, 22, 23, 24 (part) 7989 860 1055 1269 Proposed ELSR of
500KL capacity with
15m staging height at
New Gollagudem
TOTAL 1,30,670 14061 17248 20753
Water Quality Assessment:
Surface / Drinking Water Quality (Current Water Quality) :

• The Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) varies from 7.14 to 7.27 as against the
standard of 6.5 - 8.5 and is within the acceptable limits.
• The Total Ha rd ne s s is observed in the range of 88 – 96 mg/l in all the stages as
against the standard of 200mg/l and is within the acceptable limits.
• The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is ND in WTP outlet sample .
• The Bio- Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is observed in the range of ND in the raw
water as well as in treated water indicating that no organic load.
• Fluoride concentration is found to be consistent in raw water, WTP outlet to be
• 0.20mg/L and is within the acceptable limits.
• The total coliform & E coli count in CFU/100mL are found to be ND .
Surface/ Drinking water quality Results
Raw IS:10500(2012)
S. Water WTP Requirement(Acceptable
Parameter(s)
No. (River/ Outlets Limit)
Canal)
1 pH 7.27 7.14 6.5 – 8.5
2 Turbidity 1.60 <1.00 1 max
3 TotalHardness(TH),as 96 88 200 max
caco3 mg/l
4 Chemical Oxygen -- --
Demand, mg/l
5 Bio-chemical ND ND ND
Oxygen
Demand, (3 d,27
0c)mg/l
6 Fluorides as F-, mg/l 0.2 0.2 1
7 Total Coliform, ND ND Shall not be detectable in
CFU/100ml any 100mL sample
It is evident from the results tabulated that all parameters monitored are within the desired limits of the drinking
water standards specified under IS:10500:20012.

GROUND WATER QUALITY :

Groundwater level fluctuations vary from 1.00 to 11.32 m in hard rocks and from 0.47 to
10.35 m in Kamthi sand stones. The maximum lowering of the water table is generally
between April and June and the maximum rise is in the month of November every year in
response to rainfall.

From the below results it can be inferred that the water quality is within the desired limits of
the drinking water standards specified under IS:10500:20012.
 Groundwater Sample Analysis Results
S.No Parameter Units Requirement Permissible GW1 GW2 GW3
acceptable Limit*
limit
1. pH -- 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 7.12 7.61 6.93
2. Turbidity NTU 5 10 1.4 4.2 1.4
3. Total Dissolved solids mg/l 500 2000 798 1288 1100
4. - mg/l 250 1000 301 455 379
Chlorides as Cl
5. Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 200 400 70 100 136
6. Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 300 600 450 697 538
7. Calcium as Ca mg/l 75 200 86 167 110
8. Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30 100 57 68 64
9. Fluoride as F mg/l 1.0 1.5 0.44 0.86 0.32
10. Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3 No relaxation 0.48 1.11 0.56
11. Total Chromium as Cr mg/l 0.05 No relaxation <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
12. Copper as Cu mg/l .05 1.5 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001
13. Arsenic as As mg/l 0.01 0.05 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001
14. Cadmium as Cd mg/l 0.0003 No relaxation <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001
15. Nickel as Ni mg/l 0.02 No relaxation <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001
16. Mercury as Hg mg/l 0.001 No relaxation <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001
17. Lead as Pb mg/l 0.01 No relaxation <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001
18. Zinc as Zn mg/l 5 15 1.11 0.98 0.49
19. Boron as B mg/l 0.5 1 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001

WATER TREATMENT PLANT:

The existing capacity of Water Treatment Plant at Yellandu X Roads is 25.0 MLD whereas the
water demand of the town for prospective year 2033 & ultimate year 2048 are estimated to
be 17.24 MLD and 20.75MLD respectively as indicated in the Table 2.2 above. Hence the
existing capacity of filter beds will be sufficient till ultimate year and can serve with minor
repairs and improvements so as to enhance the performance.
CHLORINE GAS UTILIZATION IN WTP:

In the existing system disinfection through chlorine gas is practiced by following standard
operating procedures as stated:
• Installation of alarm and safety systems, including automatic shutoff valves, that
are automatically activated when a chlorine release is detected;
• Installation of containment and scrubber systems to capture and neutralize
chlorine should a leak occur;
• Use of corrosion-resistant piping, valves, metering equipment, and any other
equipment coming in contact with gaseous or liquid chlorine, and keep this
equipment free from contaminants, including oil and grease;
• Storage of chlorine away from all sources of organic chemicals, and protect from
sunlight, moisture, and high temperatures;
 • Minimize the amount of chlorination chemicals stored on site while maintaining a
sufficient inventory to cover intermittent disruptions in supply; and
• Planned for responding to accidental releases.

Yearly requirements of chlorine and ferric alum are:

Base Year (2018) : Chlorine – 12 t/year
Base Year (2018) Ferric Alum –54 t/year
Ultimate year(2048) : Chlorine – 17.5 t/year
Ultimate Year (2048) Ferric Alum – 75 t/year
For storing sufficient quantity of chlorine a storage room of 60m2 will be provided
within the WTP premises.

Since chlorine gas will be used in treatment process it is necessary to follow SOP of chlorine
which indicates storage and handling, and emergency procedure during leaking.

WTP SLUDGE:
The sources of sludge in WTP are precipitate removed from a sedimentation basin,
settling tank, or clarifier and backwash water sludge. About 0.15 to 0.20% of sludge is
envisaged from the water treatment plant. The unit operations in sludge disposal are
sludge conditioning, thickening, dewatering and ultimate disposal. The ultimate disposal
of sludge entails through land filling or land applications. The major concern in
backwash/ sludge is presence of aluminum or iron salts with a mixture of organic
and inorganic materials and hydroxide precipitates. For alum sludge having more than
25% of solids requires an effective land filling and alum sludge having less than 25% of
solids can be directly used in crop land, marginal land, forests land etc.
TARIFFS:

SL.NO TYPE OF CONSUMER TARIFF RATE

1 Domestic a) Rs 100.00 up to two taps per
month and Rs 35 for additional
tap per month for non metered
connection.
b) Rs 5.24 per KL for metered
connection.
2 Commercial Rs 14.98 per KL
3 Industrial & Institutional Rs 14.98 per KL
4 Below Poverty line Rs 64.00 per tap

5 Temporary Connection( for Rs 171.00 per month

construction of houses or the fairs,
melas etc)

WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS :

Distribution system is a network of pipelines that distribute water to the consumers.
They are designed to adequately satisfy the water requirement for a combination of

• Domestic
• Commercial
• Industrial
• Fire fighting purposes.
A good distribution system should satisfy the followings:

• Adequate water pressure at the consumer's taps for a specific rate of flow (i.e,
pressures should be great enough to adequately meet consumer needs).
• Pressures should be great enough to adequately meet fire fighting needs.
• At the same time, pressures should not be excessive because development of the
pressure head brings important cost consideration and as pressure increases
leakages increases too. Note: In tower buildings, it is often necessary to provide
booster pumps to elevate the water to upper floors.
• Purity of distributed water should be maintained.
• Maintenance of the distribution system should be easy and economical.
• Water should remain available during breakdown periods of pipeline. System of
distribution should not such that if one pipe bursts, it puts a large area without
water.
• If a particular pipe length is under repair and has been shut down, the water to
the population living in the down-stream side of this pipeline should be available
from other pipeline.
• During repairs, it should not cause any obstruction to traffic.
LOSSES:
As per the records, there were 412 nos. leakages out of 3200 nos. joints in the
pipeline since commissioning of the scheme i.e. 18-01-2000 during the last 13
years. At present there are about 38 nos. leakages & four instances of pipe
breaks reported in the pipeline which occurred on 10-11-2005, 15-09-2007,
10-10-2010 & 23-06-2011 dates respectively.

AUGMENTATION OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEME & PROPOSED

IMPROVEMENTS:

• The present water supply scheme with Kinnerasani Reservoir as source

with augmentation of the existing infrastructure and necessary
improvements to enhance performance is considered so as to meet the
requirements for the horizon year.
• The Hydraulic zoning has been carried out using the Topographical
Survey data and the physical constraints, which has been further fine
tuned using the road network and ward boundary maps.
• Considering the frequent leakages and breakdown of existing 800mm dia.
PSC pipeline of 14km length, due to which non availability of water to
habitants, it is proposed to shift the Canal off-take location from
Kinnerasani dam to Kalva Thanda village to with replacement of existing
pipeline of 8 km. length with 500mm dia. Class K-9 from the proposed
off-take at Kalva Thanada to WTP at Yellandu X Roads.
• All existing ELSRs are retained in the proposed improvements ¸ Out of
total 15km gravity feeder mains, about 11 km is retained in the proposed
improvement scheme.
 The Salient Features of the Proposed Water Supply Scheme
Item Design Considerations/ Specifications

Design Period & Project 30 Years; Base Year – 2018

Stages Intermediate Year – 2033 & Ultimate Year – 2048
Design Supply Rate*
135 LPCD (as per CPHEEO norms)
Fire Fighting Demand Considered as per CPHEEO Guidelines
Industrial Water Demand Not considered
UFW Losses
15% of Total Water Demand
Service Reservoirs a)
Capacity: Determined as per Mass Balance Curve (or)
1/3rd of Zonal Demand whichever is higher
b) Standard Sizes: 250/ 500/ 1000 kL capacity
c) Staging Height: 15.0 m
Pipe Material
a) Pumping Main: DI class k-9/ k-7 (as per design)
b) Gravity Main: PSC / HDPE (<400mm dia.)
c) Distribution Network: HDPE (>150mm dia.) & AC

Pumps
a) Operation: 23½ hours per day
b) Standby: 50% or 100% (for low capacity)
Clear Water Pipeline:

The clear water pipeline from WTP to the 2 new ELSR locations at
Gollagudem with 600mm dia for 1.5km, 500mm dia of 1.5km & 150mm dia
of 900m is proposed; 150mm dia of 600m from a nod to ELSR near Saibaba
temple near Tehsildar office in Kothagudem is proposed with DI pipeline.
The total length o f new DI pipeline is estimated to be 4.5 Km. The pipeline
will be laid within the ROW of proposed NH-30

Sump & Pump House:

A pump house of 8m x 10m x 4m size with sump of capacity 400 KL is proposed near KTPS
canal at Kalvathanda village. In the proposed water supply improvement project, 3 nos. of
pump sets of 75 kW capacity and 4 nos. of pump sets of 25 kW capacity are proposed for
Raw Water Pump house near off-take at Kalathanda and Clear Water Pump house at WTP
premises respectively.

ELSRs :
Two new ELSRs with capacity of 500KL each are proposed at Rajiv Gruhakalap,
Gollagudem, at Saibaba temple near Tehsildar office. The proposed land for the ELSRs
is belongs to Govt of Telangana and is in the process of transferring to Kothagudem
Municipality.

Near Saibaba Mandir- Zone 5 Gollagudem – Zone 6

Locations of Proposed ELSRs

Distribution Network:
Providing distribution network system with DI & HDPE pipelines in 6 hydraulic
zones. The length of the total distribution network is estimated to be 62 Km. The entire
distribution line will be laid along the ROW of the existing Municipal roads.
MANAGEMENT REGIMES:

• The sufficiency of the existing gravity feeder mains of AC pipeline is checked and
accordingly the pipelines are retained in the proposed scheme with replacement
of pipes wherever necessary as parallel without disturbing and cutting the
existing AC Pipes.
• However handling of Asbestos Cement products such as AC pipes encountered
accidentally also, is of environmental and health concern, hence a detailed AC
pipe handling protocol is prepared to safe guard worker and public health
Responsible for carrying out monitoring measures

• During construction stage, implementation of mitigation measures is the construction

contractor’s responsibility while during operation stage, ULB will be responsible for
the conduct of maintenance or repair works.
• To ensure implementation of mitigation measures during the construction period,
contract clauses for environmental provisions will be part of the civil works contracts.
Contractors’ conformity with contract procedures and specifications during
construction will be carefully monitored by Environmental/Municipal Officer of ULB
and TPQA agency

STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION:

The DPR has been prepared in consultative mode by conducting stakeholders

meetings in Kothagudem municipal council. One such meeting took place.

• On 14th August 2014 at O/o. Municipal Council, Kothagudem, where the

objective of the project was explained in detail and opinion sought from
the stakeholders about the existing problems of water supply faced by the
inhabitants and suggestion for remedial measures.
 Issues raised by the community and responses provided
l. No. Key Issues Identified
1. Technical Issues:
i) There is lot of wastage of water in
pumping main due to leakages
, which needs to be rectified ii)
There is a frequent break down of the
feeder mains near stream crossings.
iii) Please supply water at least
daily with an intimation about the
timings
iv) please take proper measures
about removal of bacteria from
water
2. Social Issues:
i) Constitute a ward level committee i) Commissioner agreed to do so.
with a public representative from ii) The proposed scheme is designed to meet the
each ward, NGO and municipal
employee to resolve the water supply
problems and maintain harmony.
ii) Residents of the municipality are
willing to pay water charges
Response by the Urban Local Body
Responses:
i) After careful technical analysis, the location of intake
has been changed to proposed new location near
Kalvathanda in Regalla Village. Thereby the length of
the pumping main will be reduced from 15km to 8km
only, which can ensure reduction in leakages.
ii) The Feeder mains have changed in the above said
location with DI classK7 pipes.
iii) The distribution network is properly designed to
ensure water supply for more hours.
iv) Measures have been taken in existing Water
treatment plant with Automatic Chlorination system
and will also proposed in distribution network.
Responses:
requirements comprehensively with quality and
quantity.
iii) Commissioner has agreed to improve the same
and as suggested by Hon'ble MLA, it is proposed to
set up a mobile no. with a complaint no. also
once the complaint has been noted.
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DESCRIPTION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT:

Existing Sewerage System:

The technology adopted in the STP is Activated Sludge Process (ASP) with extended aeration.
It is a biological treatment process in which organic matter of the sewage is oxidized in the
metabolic activity being provided by mechanical surface aerators. Solid liquid separation in
the secondary clarifier is provided for separating sludge, which is mostly bacterial culture
from treated sewage. Most of the separated sludge recycled to aeration tank and balance is
disposed in the drying beds, which can be used in OB plantation, nursery, etc. Treated effluent
is free from solids and organic matter.

Characteristics of Waste water

Parameter Quantity in mg/l

pH 6.0 – 8.5
Total Suspended Solids 200
BOD 300
Oil & Grease 50

CHARACTERISTICS OF TREATED WASTE WATER

Parameter Quantity in mg/l

PH 6.5 - 9.0
Total Suspended Solids 50
BOD 20

No. Parameter Value

1 Length of 200 mm diameter and above 272 km

2 Length of Laterals and Sub Mains (Excluding all 3,500 km

surrounding municipalities)

3 Number of Sewerage Manholes 1.02 Lakh

4 Sewerage treatment facility (Including GHMC, 150 MLD

HMDA & Board)

5 Estimated Sewerage generated 250 MLD

EXISTING OVERVIEW OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM

Existing sludge disposal:

The existing sludge is analysed by collecting the sludge in a 1000ml measuring jar
and allow them to settle for 1 hour, the supernatant is observed to be 120 - 140ml.
The WTP sludge settled at the bottom contains solids upto 12 - 14%. In view of the
above observations, the proposed WTP is envisaged to generate less than 25 %
solids.
PROPOSED SEWERAGE SYSTEM:

Design Flow : 200.00 m3/hr

Provide min. holding capacity : 16.00 hr
Hence required volume of the tank : 133.33 M3

Sewage Pumping Stations and Lift Stations:

It is proposed to construct 4 sewage lift stations, and 3 sewage pumping stations, which will
receive sewage from the catchment area via the sewer network and pump to higher level
manholes,pumping stations or to STP as per the design. Lift stations are necessitated where in
the design the depth of sewer exceeds downstream interlinking manhole invert levels.

Treatment efficiency and Compliance with Disposal Standards:

Sewage treatment facility will be designed to meet the STP disposal standards notified by
MoEFCC As discussed above, the treated wastewater will be disposed into Kothankulam
tank, from where water will be used for irrigation. It is critical that STP treats the sewage as
designed to meet the disposal standards. Operation and maintenance of STP and change in
incoming sewage quality will have impact on the treatment efficiency.

Disposal of Treated Waste Water:

During its operation phase, STP will treat 21.85 million liters of wastewater every day. It is
proposed to dispose treated wastewater from the STP into Kothankulam tank, which is
located about 1.4 km north of the STP site.

The domestic wastewater shall be treated and reused for flushing the toilets, followed by on
land irrigation, cooling towers and HVAC make up water requirement, and on land
irrigation. Hence all the recycled water is utilized, No water is left out of the premises, hence
having a ZERO discharge.

Use of treated wastewater for irrigation:

Use of wastewater for irrigation is associated with some health risks – from bacteria in
wastewater, which may contaminate food and spread disease, health risk to farm workers
from worms (helminths) and nematodes and chemical risk is associated if industrial
wastewater enter the sewers.

In Kothagudem, the sewer system will collect only domestic sewage, and it will not cater to
industrial wastewater. STP will treat wastewater to disposal standards. The mixing with lake
water and retention period in lake will further improve the quality of water, and will also
reduce the bacteriological contamination greatly.
 ADEQUACY OF EXISTING WATER AND WASTEWATER SYSTEM
• The water supply service in Kothagudem Municipality exhibits a linear relationship
between per capita water supply and sewage generation.. The existing water quality of
Kinnersani canal source is found to be potable and fit for drinking.
• The existing source of water supply for the town viz. KTPS canal is retained in the
proposed scheme since it is a sustainable source having permission from concerned
department for withdrawal of water sufficient till ultimate year 2048. However, off-take
point is shifted to near Kalvathanda, Regalla village reducing about 8km from the existing
point.
• Under the present Kinnerasani Water Supply Scheme, rising main of PSC (14
Kg/cm2) pipeline was laid for transmission of raw water from Head works to filter bed
and is operational since year 2000. The sufficiency of the existing rising main has
been checked for ultimate water demand (2048) and conditional assessment is carried
out.
• Given the current status of tank with negligible storage, polluted nature of water, no
dependent potable uses, no notable aquatic life, etc., there are no adverse impacts
likely due to disposal of STP treated wastewater meeting the set quality standards.
• One of the critical aspects in STP operation is, change in raw sewage characteristics at
inlet of STP may affect the process and output quality. The system is designed for
municipal wastewater, which does not include industrial effluent
• Presently, the sewerage system covers about 32 % of the area with a sewerage
network along with decentralized STP, while some areas have individual septic tanks
and no standard method of draining / cleaning septic tanks
CRITICAL ISSUES FACED:

The existing water supply system has several limitations both in terms of infrastructure
sufficiency, condition and operational convenience to ensure desired water supply to the
inhabitants of Kothagudem municipality. The key issues noticed in the existing water supply
system are enlisted below.

• Leakages in the raw water transmission main of PSC pipeline from Kinnerasani
headworks to filter bed at Yellandu ‘X’ roads resulting in deficient water supply to the
inhabitants.

• Frequent Power Failures & Pump Failures resulting in water hammer within the
raw water pumping main.

• Inadequate infrastructure to serve future water needs of the town.

Since the scheme provides a continuous water supply resulting in the saving of labour and time
of the economically weaker sections of society, who are otherwise spending a lot of their
productive time in fetching water- that too unsafe from different sources, thereby improving
their health& economic status. The main objective of the sub-project is to provide safe and
adequate potable water to the consumers it serves to their satisfaction.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

Considering source of treated water from water grid intake location at Srinivas Gutta near
Palvoncha as an Alternative, which is about 9km from Kothagudem town neccesary steps to be
taken. As per the preliminary estimate, the cost works out to be Rs. 45.58Crores. Where as the
total cost of project considering existing assured source of water from Kinnersani is Rs. 34.98
Crores only. Hence, various techno-economical reasons and having assured water source from
Kinnarsani canal, hence under the comprehensive water scheme for Kothagudem, the source of
water from Kothagudem has not been opted.

Further, following are the advantages of shifting of the intake location (recommended
alternative)

1. No major operational issues in future as compared to present scenario of having more

leakages in pipe line.
2. Water can be supplied on daily basis instead of present once in three days or so
scenario.
3. More public satisfaction
4. Increase in intangible economic and health benefits due to daily supply of water.
5. O&M cost is reduced due to reduction in pumps capacity from 3 x 125Kw to 3 x
75Kw and also due to reduction in pumping main length from 14km to 8km.
6. The present leakages is about 4.5MLD per day out of total pumping of about 13MLD.
As per the tariff to be paid to TSGENCO @ Rs. 4.5 per 1000Gallons. With the shift
of intake, the above leakage of water can be saved and in terms of financially Rs.15
Lakhs per annum, which can be collected towards tariff.