Unit 2

Individual behaviour concept

◦ The environment
◦ The individual
◦ The behaviour
◦ Outcome
Factors influence individual behaviour
◦ Personal
◦ Psychological
◦ Organisational
◦ Environmental
◦ Social
◦ Cultural
Levels of behaviour
◦ Group
◦ Individual
◦ Organisational
Motivation- William g scott
Types of motivation
◦ Positive
◦ Negative
◦ Financial
◦ Non financial
Importance of motivation
◦ High performance
◦ Increases employee turnover
◦ Reduced absenteeism
◦ Better industrial relations
◦ Better organisational image
◦ Ready to accept change
Motivation theories
◦ Abraham Maslow hierarchy theory
⁃ physical
⁃ Safety and security
⁃ Belongingness and love
⁃ Self esteem
⁃ Self actualisation
◦ Hertzbergs two factor theory
⁃ Motivators job satisfactio n
⁃ Acheviement
⁃ Recognition
⁃ Work itself
⁃ Responsibility
⁃ Advancement
⁃ Growth
⁃ Hygiene job dissatisfaction
⁃ Company policy
⁃ Interpersonal relations
⁃ Working conditions
⁃ Supervision
⁃ Salary
⁃ status
⁃ Security
◦ Mcclellands theory of needs
⁃ achievement
⁃ Affiliation
⁃ Power
◦ Vrooms theory of expectancy
⁃ efforts lead to success
 ⁃ Efforts rewarded thinking
◦ Mcgregors theory of x and y
⁃ x theory - negative
⁃ Y theory - positive
Values types
⁃ terminal - most desirable
⁃ Instrumental - personality traits
◦ Social
◦ Religious
◦ Political
◦ Economic
◦ Aesthetic
◦ theoretical
Importance of values
◦ Level of motivation
◦ Attitude
◦ Behaviour
◦ Perception
◦ Interpretation
◦ Guidelines
◦ Permanent
◦ Practical
◦ Provide standard
Personality determinants
◦ Biological
◦ Social
◦ Cultural
◦ Physical
◦ Situational
Personality theories
◦ Trait theory
◦ Genetics
◦ Psychoanalytic
◦ Behavioural
◦ Socio cognitive
◦ Humanatic
Big 5 factor model of personality- Lewis gold berg
◦ Open to new experience
◦ Conscientiousness
◦ Extravagant
◦ Neurotic
◦ Agreeable