PROJECT CLAID (Contextualized and Localized Activities Intended for Distance Learning)

Name :______________________________ Date: ____________ Score:________

PRACTICAL RESEARCH I- G11

Quarter 3 – Week – 2
Competency: Decide on suitable qualitative research in
different areas of interest.
Lesson: Different Types of Research

Objectives:
1. Identify the various types of research.
2. Differentiate quantitative from qualitative research.
3. Provide examples of research in areas of interest
4. Describe characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of
qualitative research.

CONCEPT

There are two broad categories of research methodology: qualitative

research and quantitative research. The research method determines the
approach the researcher takes in identifying relevant data for the research,
and collecting and analyzing the information gathered in the research.
Choosing either a quantitative or qualitative approach will affect the
components of the research. For instance, a researcher may choose to
undertake a scientific research. If he or she takes qualitative approach, the
goal of the study will be to discuss and analyze the underlying concepts and
theories related to the research topic. If the researcher chooses a quantitative
approach, he or she will use statistical data to provide an explanation of the
phenomenon.

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Q3 Week No.2 Competency Code: CS_RS11- IIIa-4/CS_RS11- IIIa-5/CS_RS11- IIIb-1
Competency: Decide on suitable qualitative research in different areas of interest .
 ACTIVITY NO.1

Getting Started

Activity 1

Directions: Fill out the following “word shapes” by referring to the clues and
guessing the type of research hinted at.

1. conducts practical methods as substitutes for fundamental and

theoretical approaches

2. explains that simple units of experience have complex meanings.

3. compares collected units of data with one another to arrive at a

hypothesis

4. emphasizes the complexity of human being

5. involves collection and analysis of data from cultural groups

6. seeks to explain naturally occurring phenomena in the natural world

7. challenges the traditional qualitative analysis approach

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Q3 Week No.2 Competency Code: CS_RS11- IIIa-4/CS_RS11- IIIa-5/CS_RS11- IIIb-1
Competency: Decide on suitable qualitative research in different areas of interest .
 8. utilizes deductive reasoning to generate tested predictions

9. involves analysis of data from the past

10. provides background data for broader studies

Discussion
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Quantitative Research
Polit and Beck (2004) define quantitative research as the “traditional positivist
scientific method which refers to a general set of orderly, disciplined
procedures to acquire information.
Qualitative research
Qualitative research is defined as the “naturalistic method of inquiry of
research which deals with the issue of human complexity by exploring it
directly.” (Polit and Beck, 2008)

Comparison between Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
Aims to characterize trends and Involves processes, feelings, and
patterns. motives (the why’s and the how’s) and
procedures in-depth and holistic data.

Usually starts with neither a theory Usually concerned with generating

nor hypothesis about the relationship hypothesis from data rather than
between two or more variables. testing a hypothesis.

Uses structured research instruments Uses either unstructured or semi-

like questionnaires or schedules. structured instruments.

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Q3 Week No.2 Competency Code: CS_RS11- IIIa-4/CS_RS11- IIIa-5/CS_RS11- IIIb-1
Competency: Decide on suitable qualitative research in different areas of interest .
 Uses large sample sizes that are Uses small sizes chosen purposely
representatives of the population
Has high output replicability Has high validity
Used to gain greater understanding of
Used to gain greater understanding of
group similarities individual differences in terms of
feelings, motives and experiences
Uses structured processes Uses more flexible processes
Methods include census, survey, Methods include field research, case
experiments and secondary analysis study, and secondary analysis
Source: Handout distributed by the SSREI, UP Baguio, 2009

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Kanya (2008) presents the following key distinguishing characteristics of
qualitative research:

1. Qualitative research is conducted in a systematic, and rigorous way.

However, it is more flexible than quantitative research.
2. It usually follows an iterative process, which means that data collection
and analysis occur simultaneously. Data already collected are updated
by the ongoing data collection.
3. It focuses on gathering information from people who can provide the
richest insights into the phenomenon or interest.
4. Collection of data is continuous until saturation, or when it reaches the
point where no new information is revealed with respect to the key
themes emerging from the data.
5. Qualitative data collection examines everyday life in its natural context
or in an uncontrolled naturalistic setting.

COMMON TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

The following are the various types of research based on the different fields
of inquiry (Merriam, S.B., et al, 2002):

1. Phenomenological study. This type of research seeks to find the

essence or structure of an experience by explaining how complex
meanings are built out of simple units of inner experience.
Example: What are the common experiences encountered by a spouse
who is undergoing rehabilitation?
2. Ethnographic study. This involves the collection and analysis of data
about cultural groups or minorities.
Example: What is the demographic profile and migratory adaptations of
squatter families in Barangay Santolan, Pasig City?

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Q3 Week No.2 Competency Code: CS_RS11- IIIa-4/CS_RS11- IIIa-5/CS_RS11- IIIb-1
Competency: Decide on suitable qualitative research in different areas of interest .
 3. Historical study. This study is concerned with the identification,
location evaluation, and synthesis of data from the past events.
Example: What were the roles of women in the Katipunan?
4. Case study. It is an in-depth examination of an individual, groups of
people, or an institution.
Examples: How do cancer survivors look at life?
5. Grounded theory study. This method involves comparing collected
units of data against one another until categories, properties, and
hypothesis that state relations between theses categories and
properties emerge.
Example: Ten school counselors were given structured interviews to help
determine how their professional identity is formed.
6. Narrative analysis. The main source of data for this type of research is
the life accounts of individuals based on their personal experiences.
The common types of narrative analysis are:
a. Psychological- this involves analyzing the story in terms of internal
thoughts and motivation.
b. Biographical- this takes the individual’s society and factors like
gender and class into account.
c. Discourse analysis- this studies the approach in which language is
used in texts and contexts.
7. Critical qualitative research. This type of research seeks to bring
about change and empower individuals by describing and critiquing the
social, cultural, and psychological perspectives on present-day
contexts.
8. Postmodern research. As opposed to the traditional forms of
qualitative analysis, the approach of this type of research seeks to
analyze facts that have been established as truths, the ability of
research and science to discover truth, and all generalizations and
typologies.
9. Basic interpretative qualitative study. This is used when a
researcher is interested in identifying how individuals give meaning to
a situation or phenomenon.

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Strengths of Qualitative Research

• All the problems and the topics covered under this research are in detail.
• This method majorly focuses on small groups which ultimately do not
require more expenses when compared to quantitative research.

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Q3 Week No.2 Competency Code: CS_RS11- IIIa-4/CS_RS11- IIIa-5/CS_RS11- IIIb-1
Competency: Decide on suitable qualitative research in different areas of interest .
• On the emergence of new developed information and findings, the revision,
direction and framework of the data can be done easily quickly.
• The data is collected from a small group which bounds it to be universal
for a large population.
• The data with this method is collected based on genuine efforts and gives
a clear vision on what can be expected.
Weaknesses of Qualitative Research
• As the data is collected for a small group, due to which assumptions
cannot be made beyond the small group of people.
• It becomes difficult to demonstrate, maintain and assess the rigidity of the
data.
• Collection of statistical data is not easy and cannot be done solely by using
this method.
• As the data is in big quantity, analysis and interpretation of the data take
much time.
• The responses of the subjects might be affected as the researchers are
bound to be present during the process of data gathering.

ACTIVITY NO. 2

Getting it Right
Directions: Complete the box by filling out the missing characteristics of
qualitative and quantitative research.

Quantitative Research Qualitative Research

1. Usually concerned with generating
hypothesis from data rather than
testing a hypothesis

Has high output replicability 2.

Used to gain greater understanding of 3.

group similarities
4. Uses small sizes chosen purposely

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Q3 Week No.2 Competency Code: CS_RS11- IIIa-4/CS_RS11- IIIa-5/CS_RS11- IIIb-1
Competency: Decide on suitable qualitative research in different areas of interest .
 Methods include census, survey, 5.
experiments and secondary analysis
Uses structured processes 6.
7. Involves processes, feelings, and
motives (the why’s and the how’s) and
procedures in-depth and holistic data.

Uses structured research instruments 8.

like questionnaires or schedules

ACTIVITY NO. 3

Sparking
Directions: Read and analyze the following research topics and identify what
type of qualitative research topic is appropriate for each. Then, justify your
answer by providing a brief explanation.

1. A researcher investigated the medical properties of the Rare Amazonian tree

and discovered that its components can be made into a drug that can cure
dengue.

2. A researcher is looking into ways to create intervention on violent or hostile

behavior among young children.

3. A researcher analyzes composition by researching on its utilization of

theory and intuition, technologies in creating music, and critical approach
in its design process.

4. A researcher immerses with the Badjao street dwellers to learn how they
were able to migrate from Mindanao.

5. A researcher seeks to discover the events that transpired behind the

assassination of Antonio Luna in Cavite in 1899 and discuss the
implication of these events in the history.

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Q3 Week No.2 Competency Code: CS_RS11- IIIa-4/CS_RS11- IIIa-5/CS_RS11- IIIb-1
Competency: Decide on suitable qualitative research in different areas of interest .
 REFERENCES

Cristobal Jr., A. & Cristobal, M.C. (2017). Practical Research 1 for Senior
High School, C & E Publishing, Inc.

Strengths and weaknesses of Quantitative and Qualitative Research

WeeTech Solution Pvt Ltd. (2020). Retrieved 14 September 2020, from
https://www.weetechsolution.com/blog/strengths-and-weaknesses-
of-quantitative-and-qualitative-research

Mcleod, S. (2020). Qualitative vs Quantitative Research | Simply Psychology.

Retrieved 14 September 2020, from
https://www.simplypsychology.org/qualitative-quantitative.html

Prepared by:

ALJON I. FERNANDO
City of Mandaluyong Science High School

Editors:

MARY JANE SP. YORO CLARISSA P. TIBAR JAYPEE G. CASIPIT

Master Teacher II, MHS Master Teacher II, ABIS Master Teacher II, MPNAG
Content Language Layout

Approved:

RAMON M. BELARDO JR.

Education Program Supervisor, English

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Q3 Week No.2 Competency Code: CS_RS11- IIIa-4/CS_RS11- IIIa-5/CS_RS11- IIIb-1
Competency: Decide on suitable qualitative research in different areas of interest .