1

]]earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó}}

bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm? rdb? q&mwdkYtm;
þ"r®pmpkjzifh &dkaopGm uefawmhyg\/

aMumufjcif;uif;onfhraem

a'gufwm pdk;vGif (rEÅav;)

]0dok'd¨r*f}
"r®vrf;0dyóemoifwef;
waumif;ausmif;wdkuf-rEÅav;
 2

aMumufjcif;uif;onfhraem

jrwf p G m bk & m;&J U w&m;awG u d k r S w f o m;

em,lMuw,f? usifhBuHyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfMuw,f?
bmtwGufvJ? 'ku©cyfodrf;csKyfNidrf;zdkY qif;&J
'k u © t m;vH k ; csKyf N id r f ; atmif usif h B uH y G m ;rsm;
tm;xkwfwmudkyJ w&m;tm;xkwfw,fvdkY qdk
ygw,f / 'D a wmh bmvd k Y w &m;tm;xk w f c sif
wmvJqdk&if 'ku©cyfodrf;csKyfNidrf;csifvdkYyg/ 'ku©
qif;&Judk owå0gwdkif;tvdkr&dSMuygbl;/ 'gayrJh
 3

uRefawmfwkdYodwJhqif;&Ju bmqif;&JjzpfaevJ
qdkawmh a0'emqif;&Jayghaemf/ 'gaMumifh jrwfpGm
bk & m;u a0'emypö , m wPS m ud k a [mMum;
oG m ;jcif ; jzpf y gw,f / y#d p ö o rk y Ü g 'f r S m vd k c sif
wyfrufrI wPSm[m a0'emaMumifhjzpfw,f
vdkYqdkygw,f/ owå0gwdkif;u csrf;omudk vdkcsif
w,f/ qif;&Judkb,folrS rvdkcsifbl;/ 'gayrJh
uRefawmfwdkYu csrf;omqif;&Jqdkwm a0'em
vdkY rodbl;/ ydkufqH&dS&ifcsrf;omw,f? ydkufqH
r&d S & if qif ; &J w ,f ? 'D v d k o d c J h w m? trS e f u
]yd k u f q H u tm&H k ? qif ; &J c srf ; omu a0'em} a0'em}?
tm&Hkaumif; eJYawGY&if csrf;omwJha0'emay:
w,f? tm&Hkqdk;eJYawGY&if qif;&JwJha0'emay:
w,f/ a0'emudk 'Dvdkawmh ydkif;jcm; rodbl;/
jrwfpGmbk&m;u vdkcsifwyfrufrIqdkwJh
 4

wPSmu a0'emaMumifhjzpfw,fqdkNyD; a0'emudk

y"mexm;NyD ; a[mMum;cJ h w ,f / bmjyKvd k Y v J
owå0gwdkif;u csrf;omukd vdkcsifMuw,f/ qif;&J
udk rvdkcsifbl;/ tJh'D csrf;omudk vdkcsifaewm
ud k u csrf ; omwJ h a 0'emua½S U pd w f ? vd k c sif w J h
wPSmu aemufpdwfvdkY uRefawmfwdkYrodcJhbl;/
trS e f u cE¨ m ig;yg;vH k ; ud k wPS m u
ESpfoufwmyJ/ wPSmu ½kyfvJESpfoufw,f?
a0'emvJ ESpfoufw,f? onmvJESpfoufw,f?
apwemvJ ESpfoufw,f? 0dnmPfvJESpfouf
w,f/ wPSmubmrqdk tukefESpfoufw,f/
trnf yHkoP²mefpwJhynwfawGudkvJ ESpfouf
w,f/ rsufpdujrifwm? em;uMum;wm? ESmacgif;
ueH w m? vQmupm;wm? ud k , f u xd w mpwJ h
a½SUpdwfrSmay:orQawGudk aemufpdwfraemrSm
 5

wPSmu tukefESpfoufw,f/
'gayrJ h avmurS m owå 0 gwd k i f ; u
csr;f omudk vdck siwf yfrufw,f? ESpo f ufw,f? 'gudk
uRef a wmf w d k Y vl Y a vmurS m txl ; ajym
aep&mrvd k b l ; / tvG e f x if & S m ;w,f / 'gayrJ h
uRefawmfwdkY cHpm;rI a0'emaMumifh vdkcsifwyf
rufrI wPSmjzpfw,fqdkwmudk pmvdkawmh odcsif
od a yrJ h vuf a wG Y b 0xJ r S m owå 0 gwd k i f ; u
csrf;omqdkwJha0'emudkvdkvm; awmifhwMuvdkY
a0'emuxif&Sm;vdkY a0'emudk y"mexm;NyD;
a[mMum;cJhwmvdkY cE¨mÓPfa&muf a0'em&JU
y&rwftjrifawGudk ÓPfrSm ay:vGifraebl;/
uRefawmfwdkY ]a0'emud k aemuf p d w f u
uyf N yD ; owd j yKEd k i f } awmhrS w&m;u a&SUpdwfeJY
aemufpdwfae&mrSmyJ &Sdw,fqdkwmodvmwm/
 6

]w&m;u tvS r f ; a0;vd k Y rawG Y w mr[k w f b l ; /

a&S U pd w f e J Y a emuf p d w f u od y f u yf a evd k Y w&m;
m}/ 'Dawmh csrf;omwJh a0'em
ud k r awG Y E d k i f w m}
ua½S U pd w f ? vd k c sif w J h w PS m uaemuf p d w f v d k Y
a0'emudk a&SUpdwf-aemufpdwfeJYwGJNyD; owdrjyK
cJ h r d b l ; / tck u srS a½S U pd w f - aemuf p d w f a wG u d k
owdjyK em;vnfvmwJhtcgrS aMomf-a½SUpdwfrSm
ay:oG m ;wJ h c srf ; omwJ h a 0'emud k aemuf p d w f
wPSmu wG,fwmwyfrufaewmyJ/ a0'emeJY
wPSmu a½SUpdwf-aemufpdwfygvm;vdkY owdjyK
rdvmw,f/
'D a wmh jrif - Mum;-eH - pm;-xd - awG ; pwJ h
]a½S U pd w f a wG r S m ud a vomr&S d b l ; }}/ a&SUpdwfjzpf
oGm;NyD; ]aemuf p d w f r aemusrS ud a vomjzpf
wm}/ tJh'gudk ay:vGifxif&Sm;atmif wzuf
wm}
 7

om;vl emvnfoabmaygufoGm;atmif ajymjy

wwfzdkYu odyfta&;BuD;ygw,f/ a&SUpdwf-aemuf
pdwfudkoatmif oifMum;rI enf;pepfvdkw,f/
jrifNyD;rSBudKufvdkY&wm? 'Dawmh rsufpdrSmjrifwmu
a&S U pd w f ? Bud K uf w J h r aemu aemuf p d w f a ygh /
'Dtwdkif;yJ Mum;NyD;? eHNyD;? pm;NyD;? xdNyD; a&SUpdwf
awG a y:NyD ; rS Bud K uf w ,f ? rBud K uf b l ; qd k w m
aemufpdwf raemrSmjzpfMuwm/ 'gayrJh pdwfu
odyfjrefawmh jrifwmeJYBudKufNyD;om; jzpfaeNyD?
a&SUpdwf-aemufpdwfvdkY cGJjcm;rodawmhbl;/ 'DvdkyJ
owå 0 gwd k i f ; u csrf ; omud k vd k c sif w ,f q d k & if
csrf;omwJha0'emua½SUpdwf? vdkcsifwJhwPSmu
aemufpdwfvdkY cGJjcm; rodawmhbl;/
aemuf w ck u ]a0'em[m uk o d k v f v J
r[k w f b l ; ? tuk o d k v f v J r [k w f b l ; }}/ 'guvJ
 8

odyfta&;BuD;w,f/ ]uk o d k v f - tuk o d k v f q d k w m

bk & m;&S i f y G i f h a wmf r l r S od & wmyg} / a½S U pd w f e J Y
od&wJhtm&HkawGudk aemufpdwfraemu ESvHk;
oG i f ; rS e f & if uk o d k v f j zpf N yD ; ES v H k ; oG i f ; rS m ;&if
tukodkvfjzpfwmyg/ a&SUpdwfrSmjzpfwJh a0'emu
ukodkvfvJ r[kwfbl;? tukodkvfvJ r[kwfbl;/
'Dawmh uRefawmfwdkY Ak'¨bmom&JUtqHk;trrSm
oHo&mvnfwJhtcg tukodkvfuHu raumif;
usdK;ay;wJhtwGuf tukodkvfu aMumufzdkYaumif;
w,f ? a&S m if & r,f ? uk o d k v f u H u vl c srf ; om
ewfcsrf;om jA[®mcsrf;omqdkwJh aumif;usdK;awG
ay;wJ h t wG u f vd k c sif E S p f o uf z G , f j zpf w ,f /
'Dawmh oHo&mvnftHk;r,fqdk&if tukodkvf
awGuif;NyD; ukodkvfeJYvnfzdkYu ta&;BuD;ygw,f/
'Dawmh tukodkvfuawmh aMumufp&m
 9

aygh? 'gayrJh uRefawmfwdkYu t½kdufcH&rSmawmh

aMumufw,f/ udk,femrSm aMumufw,f/ a'go
eJYjyefvkyfvdkuf&rSmawmh raMumufbl;/ 'Dawmh
udk,femrSmawmhaMumufw,f? tukodkvfjzpfrSm
raMumufbl;jzpfaew,f? 'guodyfxif&Sm;w,f?
'gayrJh udk,ft½kdufcH&vdkYemwmu a0'emyJ/
tJh'DemwJha0'emu ukodkvfvJr[kwfbl;? tuk
odkvfvJr[kwfbl;/ bmrSaMumufp&m rvdkbl;/
uRefawmfwdkYu t½kdufcH&rSmyJ aMumuf w,f/
udk,femrSmaMumufw,f/ jyefvkyfvdkufvdkY jyefqJ
vdkufvdkYjzpfrJh tukodkvfawmh aMumuf&aumif;
rSef;rodbl;/ 'Dawmh ]udk,femrSmyJ aMumufw,f?
tuk o d k v f j zpf r S m raMumuf b l ; } jzpf a ew,f /
aojcmpOf;pm;Munfhyg? jrwfpGm bk&m;uvJ ]udk,f
omemNyD ; pd w f r emapeJ Y } vd k Y a [mMum;cJ h a yrJ h
 10

uRefawmfwdkY ÓPfrSm ay:vGif xif&Sm;raebl;/

a0'emu ukodkvfvJ r[kwfbl;? tuk
od k v f v J r [k w f b l ; / ]emvd k Y tyg,f r usbl ; /
tuk o d k v f a Mumif h tyg,f u swm} swm}/ t½k d u f c H
&&if emwmyJ&dSw,f/ cvkwfwdkuf&ifvJ emwmyJ/
AdkufqmwmvJ emwJha0'emay:wmyJ? 'Dork'´&m
0rf;wpfxGmqdkwm jynfhudkrjynfhEdkifbl;/ vlawG
iwfjywfvm&if vkMu,ufMuw,f/ iwfjywf
vmw,fqdkwm qif;&JwJh 'ku©a0'emyJ/ iwf
w,f Adkufqmw,fqdkwm ukd,frSmay:wJh 'ku©
a0'em/ uk o d k v f v J r [k w f b l ; ? tuk o d k v f v J
r[kwfbl;/ AdkufqmvdkY vk,uf pm;aomufrS
tukodkvfjzpfwm? 'Dtwdkif;yJ t½kdufcH&awmh
udk,femwmy?J ukodkvfvJr[kwfbl;? tukodkvf
vJ r[kwfbl;/ aMumufp&mr[kwfbl;/ udk,f
 11

t&dkufcH&vdkY olrsm;udk jyef½kdufr,f? qJr,fqdkr,f?

rauseyf b l ; ? a'goawG j zpf r S aemuf p d w f r S m
tukodkvfjzpfwm/ 'gayrJh uRefawmfwdkY ÓPfrSm
'guay:vGifraebl;/ ay:vGifraewJhtwGuf
] ud k , f c H & rS m yJ a Mumuf w ,f / jyef v k y f v d k u f v d k Y
tukodkvfjzpfrSmawmh raMumufbl;}}/
udk,fcH&wmu a0'emyJay:wm/ t½kduf
cH M unf h y gvm;? &k y f a zmuf j yef w meJ Y t wl 'k u ©
a0'emyJay:wm? tJ'g ukov kd -f tukov kd f r[kwf
bl;/ aMumufp&mvJrvdb k ;l / bmjyKvv Ykd ?J ½kyqf w
kd m
azmufjyefw,f? 'D½kyfBuD;u raumif;bl; qdkwm
od E d k i f y gw,f / td k e maoBuD ; uvJ 'D ½ k y f r S m
xif&Sm;w,f/ a&m*gawGjzpfvJ 'D½kyfuazmuf
jyefwmyJ/ tyltat;ajymif;vJ azmufjyefwmyJ/
avmuOyrmeJY wifpm;NyD;awmh aeylxJrSm&SdwJh
 12

opf½GufawGurS vef;aeao;w,f? uRefawmfwkdY

½kyfawGu aexdrcHbl;/ aeylxJaevdkufwmeJY
ndk;oGm;wmyJ/ uRefawmfwdkY½kyfawG b,favmuf
nH h v J ? raumif ; wJ h ½ k y f B uD ; &xm;wm/ 'D a wmh
azmufjyefvG,fwJh ½kyfawG&xm;wm/ 'gqdk&if
azmuf j yef v G , f w J h ½ k y f & J U raumif ; rS e f ; awmh
ÓPfxJrSm eJeJ ay:vGifEdkifygw,f/
'gayrJh orkwdvdkawmh ½kyfazmufjyefwmeJY
pd w f a zmuf j yef w mud k Ed I i f ; ,S O f M unf h & if pd w f
azmuf o G m ;NyD q d k & if a wmh awmf a wmf e m;vnf
&vG,fw,f/ 'Daumif pdwfazmufjyefw,f qdk&if
awmh ½l;oGm;NyDvdkY em;vnfw,f/ ½kyfazmufjyef
w,fqdk&if raumif;rSef;odyfrxif&Sm;bl;/ a&m*g
qdk&if uifqmavmufjzpfrS ½kyfudk raumif;rSef;
od w m/ omref ½ k y f a zmuf j yef w mavmuf u d k
 13

pdwfxJrSm raumif;rSef; rxif&Sm;ao;bl;/

uRef a wmf w d k Y t½k d u f c H & w,f q d k & if
raumif ; wJ h tm½k H e J Y a wG Y v d k u f w meJ Y qif ; &J w J h
a0'emu csufcsif;ay:wmyJ/ 'D'ku©a0'emBuD;u
emrfw&m;awG&xm;vdkY jzpf&wm/ emrfw&m;&JU
tjypfyJ/ uRefawmfwdkYu 'ku©a0'emudk emrf
w&m;&JUtjypfvdkY odyfrjrifbl;/ udk,fh½kdufwJhvl&JU
tjypfvdkY jrifwm? udk,fhom;orD; raumif;wm
taygif ; oif ; rS m ;vd k Y raumif ; wmvd k Y x if w m?
trSefu udk,fhom;orD;udku ysufcsifcsif&,f/
tJh'Dvdkrjrifbl;? udk,fhbufu "mwfcH raumif;
wmyg/ 'DawmhuRefawmfwdkY emrfw&m;awGuvJ
raumif;wJhtm½kHeJYawGYvdkufwmeJY csufcsif;udk
raumif;wJh 'ku©a0'emBuD;ay:oGm;wmyJ/ 'Demrf
w&m;jzpfwJh 'ku©a0'emu ray:csifvdkY r&bl;/
 14

olYoabmolaqmif ay:oGm;wmyJ/ uRefawmf

wd k Y & wJ h e mrf w &m;awG u aumif ; wJ h e mrf w &m;
awGrS r[kwfwm/ aumif;wJhemrfw&m;qdk&if
bmeJYawGYawGY aumif;ae&r,f/ uRefawmfwdkY
ÓPfxJrSm uRefawmfwdkY&xm;wJh a0'em-emrf
w&m;BuD ; [m raumif ; wmBuD ; ygvm;/ tm&H k
aumif ; eJ Y a wG Y w H k ; av;om ok c a0'emjzpf N yD ;
csrf ; omwm? raumif ; wJ h t m½k H e J Y a wG Y M unf h y g?
raumif;wJha0'emjzpfNyD; csufcsif;qif;&JoGm;wm/
trS e f u awmh ]a0'emqd k w m cH p m;&H k
ouf o uf }ygyJ? Oyrm bmeJYwlvJqdkawmh rdef;r
wpf a ,muf u oabmF o m;ud k , l v d k u f & if
oabmF o m;uawmf v d k Y emrnf & oG m ;w,f ?
oabmFom;u t&ufaomufvdkYaooGm;awmh
aemufa,mufsm; ppfAdkvf,lw,f? AdkvfBuD;uawmf
 15

vdkY trnf&jyefw,f? uHuqdk;awmh ppfAdkvfvJ

aojyefw,f/ aemufa,mufsm;q&m0efeJYxyf
&w,f? q&m0efuawmfjzpfjyefa&m/ trSefu
awmh 'Drdef;ryJ? &wJholtay:rlwnfNyD; emrnf
awGajymif;oGm;wm? 'DvdkyJ a0'emuawmh cHpm;
rI o abmyJ ? aumif ; wJ h t m&H k e J Y a wG Y a wmh ok c
a0'em? raumif ; wJ h t m&H k e J Y a wG Y a wmh 'k u ©
a0'em? raumif;rqdk;tm&HkeJYawGYawmh Oayu©m
a0'emvdkY trnf&aewmyg/ trSefawmh a0'em
uwpfrsdK;wnf;yJ/ ]awG Y w J h t m&H k a y:rl w nf N yD ;
rsuf E S m rsm;} aeovdkygyJ/ avmutaeeJYawmh
rsuEf mS rsm;ol azmufjyefv,G o
f v
l q Ykd &kd rSmyJ/ 'gayrJh
'D½kyfemrfawG[m raumif;bl;vdkY ÓPf xJrSm
ay:vGifaeatmif owdrjyKrdao;bl;/
'Dawmh emwJh'ku©a0'emu ukodkvfvJ
 16

r[kwfbl;? tukodkvfvJr[kwfbl;? 'gqdk&ifbmvJ?

0#fa<u;aygh? 'D&kyfemrfu 0dygu0#fyJ/ 0#fcHae
&wmvdkY rodbl;/ ½kdufvdkYemwmu 0#fcH&wmyJ?
]rd r d u d k , f u d k 0#f a umif } vdkYrxifbl;/ 'D&kyfemrf
&vmwm 0#fcHzdkY&vmwmvdkYod&if rcHcsifwm
rjzpfawmhbl;/ tJ'Dvdk rodvdkY rcHcsifpdwf-a'go
jzpfaewm/ 'DcE¨mudk,f ]0#f a umif & J U tjypf }udk
rjrifEdkifbl;/ tjypfu ray:vGifawmh aumif;
w,fxifaewm? 'gaMumifh uRefawmfwdkYu rdrd
ud k , f u d k raoEd k i f o vd k NrJ w ,f x if w J h ]ed
] ed p ö } ?
aumif;w,fxifwJ h ]ok c } ? ud k , f h t vd k t wd k i f ;
jzpfw,f xifwhJ }twå}eJY ]b0rSm aysmfae}MuwmyJ/
'gaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]'D ½ k y f e mrf u d k ted p ö ?
' k u © ? t e w å } &I c d k i f ; wm/ uRef a wmf w d k Y u
bk&m;qdkvdkcsifwJh 'D½kyfemrfawG&JU raumif;wJh
 17

oabmudkjrifNyD; wG,fwm wyfrufrIawGjyKwfrJh

oabmawGudk ÓPfrSm ray:vGif rxif&Sm;bl;/
uRef a wmf w d k Y u yH k o P² e f r ysuf & if
aumif;w,fxifwm? odyfrazmufjyefao;&if
aumif;aeovdkyJ xifaewm/ udk,foGm;csif&if
oGm;vdkY&w,f? udk,fxdkifcsif&if xdkifvdkY&w,f?
ud k , f h t vd k t wd k i f ; jzpf w ,f q d k w J h 'D o abm
awG uRefawmfwdkYpdwfxJrSm pGJ,laeao;w,f/
&k y f e mrf a wG & J U raumif ; wJ h o abmawG ? rNrJ w J h
oabmawG? udk,fhtvdktwdkif; rjzpfwJhoabm
awGudk ay:vGifxif&Sm;aewJh ÓPfrjzpfao;bl;/
'gaMumifh a½SUpdwfrSm emwmu aMumuf
p&mr[kwfbl;/ aemufpdwfrSm udavomjzpfwm
aMumuf & rS m / tck u Ref a wmf w d k Y u emwmud k
aMumufaew,f/ emwmudkaMumufw,fqdkwm
 18

vnf; emwJh'ku©a0'emua½SUpdwf? aMumufwJh

a'gouaemuf p d w f q d k a wmh aemuf p d w f r S m
a'go-ud a vomvd k u f a ewmaygh ? aumif ; wJ h
tm½kHeJYvJawGYa&m csrf;omwJha0'emua½SUpdwf?
aumif;wJhtm&Hkudk ESpfoufwG,fwmwJhavmb
uaemufpdwf? 'Dvdkjzpfaewm/ uRefawmfwdkY&JU
aemufpdwfraemrSm udavomu cs,fvS,fae
w,f/ bmjyKvdkYvJ? a&SUpdwfuemwJha0'emudk
[k w f w d k i f ; rS e f p G m aemuf p d w f e J Y o wd r jyKrd a o;
vdkYyJ/ a0'emudk [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm odwJhÓPfrjzpf
ao;vdkY aemufpdwf raemrSm a'gojzpfaewm/
rdrdudk,fudk cH&rJh0#faumifvdkY rxifbl;/
emwmud k a Mumuf a ewmud k u emwJ h t ay:rS m
trSeftwdkif;odwJh ÓPfu aemufpdwfrSmrjzpf
vdkYyg/ cH&rJh0#faumifvdkY trSeftwdkif;odwJh ÓPf
 19

jzpfvm&if aMumufwJhudavomudk y,fygw,f/

] emrS m ud k r aMumuf a wmh y J aemuf p d w f r aemrS m
tukodkvfudkomaMumufwJh ÓPf}jzpfvmrSmyg/
a½S U pd w f e J Y a emuf p d w f & J U oabmawG [ m
ÓPfrSm wjznf;jznf; xif&Sm;vmrSmyg/ csrf;om
csif w ,f q d k w mvnf ; csrf ; omwJ h a 0'emu
a½SUpdwf? csrf;omudk vdkcsifwyfrufwJhwPSmu
aemufpdwfyg/ ]csrf ; omwJ h a0'emud k y,f p &m
rvd k y gbl ; / vd k c sif w yf r uf w J h a vmb-wPS m
udkyJ y,f&rSmyg/}
emwmudak Mumufw,fqw kd mvJ ]emwm u
cH & rJ h 0 #f a umif r d k Y y,f v d k Y r &bl ; / aMumuf
wJ h a 'goud k y J y,f & rS m yg}
yg}/ 'gqdk aemufwpfck
ajymMutHk;pdkY/ csrf;omcsifw,f qdkwmu avmb?
emrSmaMumufwmu a'go? avmb-a'goudk
 20

awmhajymNyD;oGm;NyD/ 'Dawmh arm[ajymMutHk;pdkY/

]w&m;odcsifvm;qdk&if w&m;udkodcsifwm
aygh q&m&,f}qdkNyD; vmjyefa&m/ w&m;ub,f
rSmrS &dSwmr[kwfbl;/ rdrdudk,fBuD;uw&m;yJ?
trSefu ]rd r d u d k , f u d k w&m;vd k Y o d a tmif vk y f
&wm} ? txl;&Sm&wm r[kwfbl;/ jrifvJw&m;
Mum;vJw&m;yJ? a½SUpdwfawGrSmay:wJh &kyfemrfawG
tm;vHk;uw&m;yJ/ jrifvJ w&m;? Mum;vJw&m;?
eH v J w &m;? pm;vJ w &m;? xd v J w &m;? BuH v J
w&m;yJ/ tJ'h D a½SUpdwrf mS ay: aewJh jrifw&hJ yk ef mrf?
Mum;wJh&kyfemrf? xdwJh&kyfemrfawGudk w&m;vdkY
aemufpdwfu owdrjyKEdkifvdkY rodwm/ tJ'Dvdk
rodwmu arm[yJ/
'Dawmh w&m;qdkwmu rdrdudk,fBuD;u
w&m;yJ/ rdrdudk,fBuD;qdkayrJh ]rsuf p d ? em;? ES m ?
 21

vQm? udk,f? raem}yJ/ tJ'Dajcmufck tpktaygif;

ud k y J cG J j cm;pd w f j zmMunf h & wmyg/ Oyrm ud k i f
Munf h & i f ]rmwJh&kyfeJYodwJhemrf}
rmwJh&kyfeJYodwJhemrf}a y:w,f /
rmwJh&kyfeJYodwJhemrf}
rsufpd zGifhMunfhvdkY jrifoGm;&if ta&mifu&kyfeJY
jrif w muemrf y J ? em;uMum;&if toH u &k y f e J Y
Mum;wmuemrfyJ? ESmacgif;ueH&if teHYu½kyfeJYeH
wmuemrf y J ? vQmupm;&if t&omu½k y f e J Y
pm; odwmuemrfyJ? udk,feJYawGY&if rmwmu½kyfeJY
xdwmuemrfyJ? raemuawG;&if oabmw&m;
u½kyfeJYBuHwmuemrfyJ? tJh'Dvdk a&SUpdwfawGrSm
jzpfwJhemrf½kyfawGudk aemufpdwfuuyfNyD; owd
rvdkufEdkif&if t&dStwdkif; jzpfay:oGm;wJh&kyfemrf
awG u d k rod E d k i f b l ; / w&m;qd k w m a&S U pd w f N yD ;
aemufpdwfrSm owdvdkufEdkif&if odoGm;wmygyJ/
rsufpdeJYtqif;wdkuf&if jrifwJh½kyfemrf
 22

awG ay:aewmyJ/ [dkbuftqif;u&kyf? 'Dbuf

pu©K0dnmPfuemrf? Mum;&if [dkbuftoHu
&k y f ? 'D b uf a omw0d n mPf u emrf y J ? 'gayrJ h
abmuf-abmuf-abmufvdkY toHvJMum;a&m
rd k ; &G m w,f v d k Y wpf c gwnf ; jzpf o G m ;wm?
trS e f u toH M um;wmua&S U pd w f ? rd k ; &G m w,f
vdkY odwmu aemufpdwfvdkY a&SUpdwfeJYaemuf
pdwfudk ydkif;jcm;odwJhowdr&dSbl;/ tjyifMunfh
vdkuf&if rdk;BuD;u tHkYrdIif;aewmyJvdkY wcgwnf;
odomG ;w,f? trSeu f jrif&if ta&mifridI ;f aewm
yJawGY&wm/ rIdif;wJhta&mifu½kyf? odwJh pu©K
0dnmPfuemrfvdkY aemufpdwfrSm owdjyKrd&if
jrifwJhtay:rSm arm[udkowdeJY y,fEdkifwmygyJ/
w&m;odcsifw,fqdkwmu jrifpdwfjzpfNyD;
aemufpw d rf aemrSm arm[jzpfaevdYk w&m;udk rjrif
 23

Edkifwmyg/ a&SUpdwfeJYaemufpdwfuuyfvGef;awmh
tvGefodrfarGYNyD; odEdkifcJ jrifEdkifcJjzpfaewmyg/
yck u ú L q&mawmf b k & m;BuD ; u]um,uH
0pD u H raemuH j yKrJ h B uH Oyg'gef u d k o wd j yK}
qdkNyD;awmh a[mcJhygw,f/ uRefawmfuawmh
jrif w J h t ay:? Mum;wJ h t ay:? pm;wJ h t ay:
awGrSm Oyg'gefuyf&if uyfrSef;odzdkY? Oyg'gef
ruyf & if ruyf r S e f ; od z d k Y a wG ajymcJ h y gw,f /
aemufawmh &kyfawG onmawG apwemawGudk
owd j yKzd k Y ajymcJ h y gw,f / tJ h ' D u aeNyD ; awmh
b,fa&mufvmvJqakd wmh ]jrifw,f? pGJvrf; w,f?
tm;xk w f w ,f } ud k ajymcJ h w ,f / jrif w ,f ?
pG J v rf ; w,f ? tm;xk w f w ,f q d k w mav;u vl
awmf a wmf r sm;rsm;ud k w&m;od c G i f h a wG & oG m ;
apcJhygw,f/ jrifw,f? pGJvrf;w,fqdkwJhae&mrSm
 24

jrif w mua&S U pd w f ? jrif N yD ; rS pG J v rf ; wJ h p d w f u

aemufpdwfrSmjzpfwm? 'Dawmh pGJvrf;wJh Oyg'gefudk
owdeJY tpm;xdk;NyD; y,f&w,fqdkawmh em;vnf
vG,foGm;w,f/ w&m;udk a½SUpdwf-aemufpdwf
eJYwGJoifwJhtcgrSm em;vnf&vG,foGm;w,f/
a&SUpdwfeJYaemufpdwfudk dogeJYacG;uae
pNyD ; awmh oif E d k i f c J h w ,f / ]a'gh v d k Y M um;wmu
a&S U pd w f ? acG ; vd k Y o d w muaemuf p d w f } qd k N yD ;
Mum;wJhem;eJY odwJhraemudk ydkif;jcm;jyygw,f/
arS m if w mjrif w mua&S U pd w f ? ]n}vd k Y o d w mu
aemufpdwf? vif;wmjrifwmua½SUpdwf? ]aeY}vdkY
odwmuaemufpdwf? a&udkMunfhwJhtcg Munfae
wJhta&mifudkjrifwmua½SUpdwf? ]a&}vdkYodwm
uaemufpdwfqdkNyD;awmh vufawGYusus b0
xJ r S m yJ a½S U pd w f N yD ; aemuf p d w f r S m owd u yf
 25

Edkifatmif ajymjyay;cJhygw,f/
tckbmajymvmEdkifvJqdkawmh 'Da½SUpdwf
aemufpdwfrSm tajccHNyD;awmh a0'emeJY wPSm
udkajymEdkifvmw,f/ emwJha0'emu ukodkvfvJ
r[kwfbl;?tukodkvfvJ r[kwfbl;/ tJh'D emNyD;rS
aemufpdwfu a'goeJYajymcsifwmawG a'goeJY
vkyfcsifwmawGudkom aMumuf&rSm? 'gaMumifh
]cH & rS m raMumuf e J Y ? tuk o d k v f jzpf r S m aMumuf }
&rSmudk tvGefowdjyKzdkYaumif;ygw,f/
csrf ; omcsif w ,f q d k w mu csrf ; omwJ h
a0'emua½SUpdwf? csrf;omudk vdkcsifwyfrufwJh
avmbjzpfwmuaemufpdwf? csrf;omwJh a0'em
u ukodkvfvJ r[kwfbl;? tukodkvfvJ r[kwfbl;?
y,fp&mvJ rvdkbl;/ ]avmbuom tuk o d k v f
jzpf v d k Y owd e J Y y ,f }&rSm/ emwmudkaMumufw,f
 26

qdkwmu emwJha0'emua½SUpdwf? aMumufwJh

a'gouaemuf p d w f ? aemuf p d w f r S m jzpf w J h
]tukodkvf-a'goudkyJ owdeJYy,f} &rSm? arm[
usawmh w&m;od c sif w ,f q d k w mu w&m;u
a½SUpdwfrSmjzpfaewmyJ? 'gayrJh aemufpdwfrSm
arm[vdkufaevdkY rodwm/ a&SUpdwfjzpfwJh jrifrI-
Mum;rI- eHrI- pm;rI- xdrI -awG;rIawGrSm &kyfemrf
w&m;u&SdNyD;om;? aemufpdwfrSmjzpfwJh ]arm[-
tukodkvfudkyJ owdeJYy,f} &rSmyg/
uRefawmfwdkY avmb? a'go? arm[udk
ajymMuw,f/ 'gayrJh avmb? a'go? arm[
jzpfyHkudk 'Dvdka½SUpdwf-aemufpdwfeJY ydkif;jcm;NyD;
rodbl;/ avmb? a'go? arm[awG bmaMumifh
jzpfwmwkef;qdkawmh ]a½SUpdwfrSm jzpfay:oGm;wJh
&k y f e mrf a wG u d k aemuf p d w f u uyf N yD ; owd e J Y
 27

trSefrjrifEdkifvdkY aemufpdwfrSm avmb? a'go?

arm[awG jzpfaewm} ewm}/
avmb? a'go? arm[udk Ak'¨bmom
0ifwdkif;u odMuygw,f/ Ak'¨bmomr[kwfwJh
olawGawmif odMuw,f/ 'gayrJh a½SUpdw-f aemuf
pdwfeJY avmbç a'goç arm[udk 'DvdkOyrm
vG,fwmav;eJYwGJNyD; trsm;tm;jzifhrodMubl;/
'Dvkd avmb-a'go-arm[udk a½SUpdw-f aemufpw d f
eJYwGJNyD; vG,fvG,fulul ½Sif½Sif;vif;vif; odjrif
Edkif&if ]a&SUpdwfNyD; aemufpdwfrSm owd vdkufwmeJY
udavomudk y,f}Edkifygw,f/
'Dawmh a&SUpdwfNyD; aemufpdwfrSm owd½Sd
oGm;&if avmb -a'go-arm[Nidrf;oGm;r,f/
'D v d k avmb-a'go-arm[Nid r f ; w,f q d k w m
edAÁmefygyJ? pmayrSmu avmbç a'goç arm[
 28

fNidrf;wmudk udavomNidrf;wJhedAÁmefvdkYqdkygw,f/
'gayrJh ]avmbç a'goç arm[ b,fvdkNidrf;vJ
qd k w mu a½S U pd w f N yD ; aemuf p d w f r S m owd }
vdkufEdkifwJhtwGufaMumifh Nidrf;oGm;wmyg/
pdwfrSm ukodkvfeJY tukodkvfu NydKifrjzpf
bl;? ]owd q d k w J h u k o d k v f }jzpfvdkufwmeJY avmb
vnf;Nidrf;? a'govnf;Nidrf;? arm[vnf; Nidrf;
ygw,f / 'D a wmh ]csrf ; omwJ h o k c a0'emud k
aemuf p d w f u [k w f w d k i f ; rS e f p G m ]owd } jyKEd k i f w m
eJ Y aemuf p d w f r aemrS m avmbNid r f ; ygw,f ?
emwmud k 'k u © a 0'emvd k Y [k w f w d k i f ; rS e f p G m
aemufpdwfraemu ]owd} jyKEdkifwmeJY aMumuf
w,f q d k w J h a 'govJ Nid r f ; ygw,f / a½S U pd w f
awG r S m ½k y f e mrf a wG a y:oG m ;w,f v d k Y aemuf
pd w f r aemu t&d S u d k t &d S t wd k i f ; ]owd } jyKrd
 29

wmeJ Y arm[vJ Nid r f ; ygw,f }? 'Dawmh avmbç

a'goç arm[Nidrf;wm edAÁmefygyJ/ w'*FNidrf;&if
w'*F edAmÁ efy?J tNy;D Nird ;f &if tNy;D edAmÁ efy?J 'Dw&m;u
vlwdkif; em;vnfEdkifwJh avmbç a'goç arm[eJY
vufawGUb0awGrSm ]a&SUpdwfNyD; aemufpdwfrSm
owd&dSzdkYomvdk&if;}}qdkwJh owdy|mefw&m;ygyJ/
jrif-Mum;-eH-pm;-xd-awG;qdkwJh a½SUpdwfNyD;
aemufpdwfrSm owdvdkufwJh owdy|mefw&m;udk
ajymoG m ;wmyg? 'gud k ]r[mowd y |meok w f
pd w å m Ek y óem} rS m avmbjzpf & if jzpf r S e f ; od ?
avmbrjzpf&if rjzpfrSef;od? a'gojzpf&if jzpfrSef;
od? a'gorjzpf&if rjzpfrSef;od? arm[jzpf&if
jzpfrSef;od? arm[rjzpf&if rjzpfrSef;odvdkY qdkayrJh
uRefawmfwdkY ÓPfrSm xdk;xdk;xGif;xGif;? rawGra0
ydkif;jcm;odjrifavmufatmif &Sif;roGm;cJhbl;/
 30

trSefawmh 0dyóemtvkyf tm;xkwf

w,f q d k w m aemuf p d w f r aemrS m owd & d S & if
udavomudyk ,fwmygyJ/ a½SUpdw-f aemufpw d f qdw k hJ
pdwfjzpfpOfudk od&wJhwefzdk;u tvGefBuD; ygw,f?
jrwfpGmbk&m;&JUw&m;tarGyg/ t"du uawmh
avmb? a'go? arm[Nid r f ; zd k Y y gyJ /
avmb? a'go? arm[qdkwJh udavomawGudk
tjrpfjywf y,fEdkifwJhÓPf(r*fÓPf)jzpfatmif
tavmb? ta'go? tarm[awGjzpfatmif
w&m;tvkyt f m;xkwMf u&rSm jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
tckusefwJhtcsdefrSm 0ifavxGufavrSm owd-
0D&d,- orm"dawG wnfaxmifMur,f/
(1.6.2016)aeYwiG f waumif; ausmif; wdu
k üf
ajymMum;cJah om a'gufwmpd;k vGif (rEÅav;)\ eHeufcif;
"r® aumufEw
k cf suf jzpfygonf/
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