) RoMAN ROAD5 Eaiest Rads (for * Main rcquurCmut oeross slope TFe act otcoNyEYANCE f- aytin7

6uilt
mslilaq purpOs) s in Susg vade. 7 ? AIR
STRAIGHT Modes LAND, WATER,
pEV LOPMENT
Regardies o gradient seep l21 3F Drain out Maer
Sogt sei l aezeawale A
da
tin tHARD STRAT reached Railwas
Total thieKnes *07512n (overdesiqned) Macasam qeod T road Higha Hypea looP,
Cab le Cars
5H1l xeist level 5ubgrade ii Mier madas Pipes, Ropcusasconveyonels, uft
ANOOH PLAIN 5TONE apofa FHeet on 5ouo- economic aspe
kerb
CProvide
BroRen Stone with LIME
Lata Prea T1, proqres y Helps fn em Maintain beter
Stability A BroKen Stohc h'et advaneemtut f movemd
la orde
Communlty n emergenu
Larqe Fo No Cross slope fer count
Wa d a t " S t o Hard 5trata whats APP E 2)
CNo drainage) { ildefen (IT
(Not nteded
mprovmeut No Drainge sys ar FT)
A 0 5 ht)
els ove

Cslope Povided
Rovnans as
A TOT
found Cost ot TranspOfat" a Resistae mediuy
Helps in drinage
5 fo zLIT7ILI offered by t)
TranspmorTat"| gnusaj: MoSt flezible Cconnec-moent
i)TRESAGUET ROADS CFrana) (Mot
(Igh centwg) Slope 1in A:7,
Engineeung
Pekemd)
Coms umesRentuatte tvi
Plain Stoe
Soue t
ard
peyut" Maz
Naten TT butti
3 0 em
Smau Foundat" Stoue Reilsa: Hdi (LH ot Hond tran sportete)
voaer pt ceecd CBc. a T tain
Calued
broken 5 tos
e Cata KEgA A r t e n e
Only
pward) els utgrade of enti
Gansporfaf Airua Ti minm l)
soil)
5 y s e n °
HEJTT, ajkcd by weafhsui +atu f traj
ii) METCALF ROADs Tresaget á i i dewelop 3 Eut ro re cordd itenate SutaHe for tansp cktaP *F 1dsetelabletyllow valnc)
Engineer LEtina)Ehgland) HIGH vae redss (AT Si ) CFiezibiliky Riluay F
Gor shord'stne fprlong dis a)
5)
TIME
iTELFoRD ROADS Be foundath stone 1Ei af r +Coss slpe A Ainways<Roads < Rail < Waterwajs
(Gm)T level subgrade TA CoST:
Ainwajs Road > Rail > Wa ter wa
11-22 )hieRnss Fouwndaf" stoue ovea subgrade
erb Large Ston centre k Smalles @ edaes fo povide. 1 : 4 5 creys slope
, en 5 5m w ú t - T u r a potfiiled with 2 layers ot (Roadwys) seial tpe *F H:gh-
ste
Lbrstene w
BreKe mqula baekeu Stones HIGHUAS EpresUalays | Free woys Eprs
1:45 C u n t h i e k gravels laid a susacing t Cressdrains Hzhuays
Desiqned for Spee fially consuckd t Join
90 cm spaclnj Coehsina"coujse) HIGH SPEED S1US Two deftd
Pla us (Direct source)
hi HTE breken 5tones f tu eneratly constru<kd HET Cto auow more
speed)
22cm Kerb compaeks More Na: or lanes
Femd Foudaf" impat LATERAL STABILTY Entakeuls)
Ne latea
Trabhe channelik Ls"parak)
BeuA Floed
Note Roman f Telford d 2 za comuueu:
pajna Mumtai- Pun expressLway
Sdqvade seti teel s urfae Putielawma Yamina Ew
i) Lasge Feunda steu subgrade. Natio naf t Stak Highways
 1561 ceplete Uyn . Recom mendato One 2Healthear, E dueat) Enaineer
5
review
E -
TA Si -

1943-1963 15+ 20year Road developmeut Suksect ot NATONALL TNTEKREST Macadaum Roads(aT9 3n)
Plan de Petre1 sR exta Tar d EZH +
CCeta Road Fud Foundat" store Su6grad pe e r e s
192
cenfrence 3
n Juds4a
for colleete developwtnt ot voad Sem-otiaal Tehniial Body
ARDS around

1815-1810
Slope fG)
to daHtmaiut f i n i s h )

NAGPUR
give techiea/ Knowledae, for road f e e

ROAD CONFERENCE Target (GRAVEL) (S

c o a r s e
derelepmeet IRC (1934)
t1I4)
S100 k anea t
1939-Motor
vekie Act t
1 rseareh ovqanisaf" da1H
ELOnENT Sur
faca
siu m
Cess slope C1m 36)
To-frame huos (new technqiues tregearch)
e r o s d a m
a6 K Road Lay ) for btic For
Road derelePment-
Law EBody/Ttitet del1 CRRI
CGovers DRIVER, Vehiue k C1950)
:
1956 Nateal Highusay Act paste Operat"of vehicte)
T o deelare cer
tain seleeped
Wayakar Commi tee) s i350m 1o
Highwa NH BroKenStone1o
sie CompactHA 50 CL
TNDIA RoD size 5 cm sus arase leess-slope (1 in
Rord INTRODUETION 36) ]
deelopmeut t LAND a4uire +Tape pos* DEVELOPMENT EjeT Size
(To drain ft perco lakd
s Bond str4th t ( wa top 6 waer)
t) t
(1961- 19s1 720 oah Ttal iekes ,
q«ar Plan CBomba)} Be 2- sas Weoden Y 4 1 f s k l 1m Lead distribu FEl
Top iT )
Taget: (100 Kwarea 3Km Rpad) s t 19c1 yE
t zaeH) su fae
wear tak men uay tep steu
Abras" EHT- 5toe aT
Raya)) pow den t -
Tip tutew 5te T Siæ
6la5 (im rain decided en teus
1132 HRe(Higwa Research Goard) ot 5taity eusidir
efIResetuf an mal drawr
Dircp tqudan for eseareh athviies in Used in mdia ae eide
CRRI t dd2 4 1 eseareh KA1 Tudia -wBM Wata Bound macada
E) PM
Reseavch onteeme 6 z sfat s Penthaten macadaM
UTAt) N T P C 3 M speeifiat" ued in
Bitym nes
pBM Dese Bouud Bar) sufaueouAse-
- WMM
1913 : Nationa Tran5potPolicy Comni tte (NTPE))
To Net mix 5tué -tasc k Sub
prepare compre hensive atenal tvanspout (No qvade
poliey fer e r t 10 TA (1o MTT A T - 2 t g foeu 4R1 È)

1331-2.0013 2 y Plan (LuCKnou)

Tanaet 1o Karea s o Km ne road daT

1938: NHAI Act Pamed

ftAT)- To t vitlaqe
2craO PMGSY ( IjAAf syw T5%
connectivity
2001 4 20 Road Developrtut pla F1 Tfeæ aT
But, Lqcvemment i n i s t 4 i IRC pepared ROAD DEVELDPMENT PLAN VISION 202 k 2015
wm
 Plantng da RA olA resou COs limifes k we hae to utlise + ept mally
ighhy plammtinq inpo ptmt wen fmds Iimited but EKd Maz" i'ndian uoals
ObTectve ded by ADB 1s+ 2 Yr Plan220 Yr Plan 3 Y Plan
LUCRNOW
Min cost si To plan NA ME NAGPUR BOMBAY
Ovesall pla» future requiremuts
dd road improvCmnt (19431963) (1961-I9S) (19S1-20 o1)
ebcjet plauna Durahon
IJEI _ complete)
et ovenay road A PHASES
tivisin Road Dengity16 Km 100 K 32 Km too Km 62 K1oc K
More impo ntana) e: Yr:4X5w)
Road Paltern STAR GRID
ALLeather Rod
Pawe UnpavedOn bons eFuseqe Enpres Way
UAinportna) ADuwrat -ROADS T Legh ad des
16oo Km addzd 20o00 Km
4 ddrd
Faust we4 Hher Rord Classification] Classificahion| NH,SH, MDR, ) Primay EH
Sfaad INTRODUeT" otRoads ODR, VR
SA ME
n)2 : sH,MDR
Nen-5wfaced
wearing cowise E !!! en Basis of Trattie Roas
) Tertir : ODB, VR
vefumetLoad Comparu'sion b SH- 5tak Hgh*DB OHr Disrt yR- Viilag
Actas ARTERY * t
Relaive Elai varies 20yr: Plan MDRMapr Disbit Road Road
roadwa
zena ciasifitat NoeLengis ot road as per 3 y road pl an (K")
National HghwayN Lo ca kFunct ElGI S A )
Main iigway fu (Absolute clanifiah)\ i) Total Lenqh * roa Maz 4:14 XNo ttowns villages
(Km)
tengh counlsq y
sues t
readuas
Sfak
Maet Distuict Roads (MDR) Roas demtyX Area
Connects Maroi Ponts,
Foveiqu Higuuways, Capiat State Higkway SH) Conneefs impet faut poi kts t)Lengt o NH (Km) = Arta (kn)
Connects NH 45efl 50
Stas kLarge e1 ProduH areas, maskets
Inustu'al aas, 1 , Distnict H ii)
aIER S H cennect RaT
5H (K) Max S Ara (Kn2
Toust destinatt te impotant cities S
o sfak
E NH1 DeJhi to Lahore 25 X No ot toons -
leng
NH
Oter pistuict Roads (0DR)
MDR (Km) = Max Area (Km)
12-5
village Roads (VR) Roads sewtng Rural areas
90X No otown5
ot predye"(qrain Aaity eta)
eiisAT k
phoviding then Outlef t
v)
mAnket oDR VR
(Km)
={(i) -(títivyg
Note: URBAN ROADS CA sTR) Fialy, Clasufy ronds as Psu many, 2"y Tentan
(Corridor is a profec 3151R sa these
ArtCoual Sub-anfeuat
Collecfor strects e vaud for
2021-2¢41, Tt E-press u legh *tqivea, tape "o"}
Take pepulat",
4 ) Take populat", towns, villages as
Local strerts FER 1981 Census
 Roads
Maz" saturatie system/
Utility Factor
Afto
available eptous alignmnt dut*tau 545tem
deeide best peoad Built up
areas
CRO5S ROAD
( 5 asecto)
Depends upen POPULAT" PRODUCTION MAN ROM
Rules to
decide factor
Lowest populas" range i U.F Keiagulr| Blo:k
051i k
341oRanges à"" at muuttipy d TAi cfor Hexawal
ie os,1,2,4,3. - eack kae) TNTRODUeTieN ROAD PATTERN
b)A4RICULTURAL Product TYPES (Raid)
provide (U.F 1 13i kBieck
e)INDUSTRIAL Pradct" A qie v
F as per Radia)
da preductiel benfi'vasl indystialweighagee
Means
St Gid KRadiaf Roads
3daT IGI UF IMPORTaut achvity
freri uti lity pe4 uit road Radia Development o
Previdcd cost aueo d5)
tength buGi, iqliqeut Str ircutar coum muuty 'n
form et blocs
grids
Done to finalisL
probakle al1qnment Radial voad Radia Roads
RING Roals
0ET Rad hT aligmmtut
Re connaissance 5uveyi
Tnstiaf 5urvey aliqnmtnts (Tecieal weRK
Sart ben heruj
5itc dT Itcaf"
deee
Folntufs
au
A drad RT
pobabIe Feauus mases, (Hhat
wao + 3 Pu lima nasu 5my
Obstuef"S aue14 hKt Seil wes
tigat, draiuage
Ce, hi'ls ete) %ax" ial loca ity i iehabiliak suu, chain, t+Cempas tleeti 4 Final Svey
h marked sue. trttie stud alysis eey ( lan nin ,
desu qu
munuk desai] vkestina/h
E aliganmeut feasibilis Fhnlgts eteaathuoonkK
eher d I Road alqvweuss hey
eet, fdai matcwa
enT+ metih
Eir maeuaf
Defau ied fneseet Report
PRR) El AAT ( pvsfatle aligeent fT)
 ax" 6
3TTH Tnvolvs deeidi ng p a a t t e s for
11Fuicten| skid C Deades 9PERatig speedk minM
d i s tanefor stoppg .Mixed Trettie: Thatthe st EX RE 7
uthlity min" eet and (P imension5 +
pue fo
ele) ftal Cyete, car, ReKshanw, dar Layout
relatie met" 6/w tqe k road Heatona6le sabet7
Hise diee to
ADHESION 6/w surfa eu. Deals with following ejements
2atesuals S p e
Frichio LoNGITU DI NAL:- DeNelops ALO NG C15 eiemtuts
lenat4 51gut distnet corsideral"
oh'o) Houzontel aliqnmeutt deail
TransversefLATERL Develops Lto met"
dinecp.
Lands aping: t ; RIA VestiaH
HI dangeeus (.'!) wid Contact Are me Intersecp dtails.
h) aesthetis 34 elemeuts
Max" f develops Uja K f moue ede
deig Ed fcters considered
#)
Brake dJDT veh
SKIDDIN 4 (Translat" Rotat") Hje Concrete a Glre Desi Sped
SLIPPIN G CRo tat" r Cenerek T d a visibr- oaap Tretr'c Factong:
Tdeal eond" Transya(M ) f"CRoad Type) Govasjeign uclude vekie!e +
a 3n accekrak EOME TRIC Deudes wdth,
Tgre 1
ro* H Trasfat'on DES19N HH a rgnment Govea deiqu Di Human) ehara c-
=
27R OF HIGHUHYS teusies
Longitudina fr" GGT- Rot* A ÅT, e n e cls e d n u t s
tnc l u d
Traustalh 5kid Eiam T (Tyre
SH, MDRR eICmiuts
S44 s i otcbicle c o n s
eisr Tyre Tsl 37oiA EE)
p
ranslal"",
CNu, o Ret"
Cond" Pacnu 5lip Al T ) Deugn Heury veune
ideed fer deign hghwg1
dementsn n ied
epees On Tye matenal) (tezture), fra
eather keapAeiH
CharnetAIshe
LUBRICAt") Cyre i cnd)(worn out cond)(f
leu in
dne to wet ohd" As tratie val ume
J f" mese Contsck auA as
O An hus)n DRY Surface,
wET surfre Ji 3rT 95 lubieaf" me I fucatese v e t ,
oolr Out tye), (Tre *t pawement suface) Peak hous AP Ewiromeuel Frctpos:
(es 8itumen ). vemut) Deig Eii E77
cend"wet, d ry) , Gpeed of vehil) Eztend r brate eppliat").
Factors i e air fojlute, neis
pollut", rainfal efe goc te
Contact ana j specd Deaignad for "DESIGN
Load Tye Premea
s
t)
HOURLY voLUME"
(TP 1 outaet asta4 "P) Teupatur)-T, Trr t, i,fs) crea REfiec POperres
t) Neu Tyre mere
dependatle in ADVERSE cond"f" ET H E 7 uet sufa) fr unun
-{t Pavemeut suyfae thanackush prainae ot s
VALUES As pen IRC)
Depends en ramiut tjee (say B:wfPe) watr
Longindinal Ho celeu late Lateral Uneveness f (meterial availabiltj, cst hott
Vertieal undulat" oven STRAGHT Tneludes cemposit*2limatie ce4, cemt uzt*
O35-040) StopPi3
disanu2)
O15)
REAEHES road 9 FRietie neteds t c )
) Unevenness
value t vrt reur Imprope compa cp
UICmm/ km) y eRead a
Redue
ue spetd ot JT 3) RHeetin Prerentes coneu c met
1chna
I500 GooD qceident wear k ear 4) Draiagdot Surfau wafey T ferior aikyman
'Maintunanu Tprofes 5faa
I5o0-500 5ATISFAcTORY ost sut su fau draiag
Tntrnationaldy, pamut riding ualityl BUMP
quentfied in tems of reujhness * epresd
2500-3500
indiCAto
in teqms
R LEI) ATYA futr manfaeanu
BAD
as
Tntrnatiohal RoughneA Sndex"([k otUNEVENNESS TNDEX" PAmeut surfaa
BI 6 30 (TRLGm[km) 50 UNCOMFORTABLE Cumulaive otVeuh cal udy lat
measure pER wwt+ length ot Road
m m l km)
(mm Km in ndia)
 TYPE f RoAD SURFACE RANGE OF CRO55 SLOPE
wet o optimcun 3í compac d
T
PErmtabilitH AV
lex in
pavement
w:0d
Chaactest niLight Refiecting Chevacteusties
Visibility t paremnt 5ufae f* ('1s olor qut tkara-
HEAYY Rein fau |LGHT Reinfad WET 5urfau i qlare dua to reflecP e cicustie3)
Cemmut concrefe k
High Head Ligut PATi than
1-7/. dry
e Bituminous 5urfqa LIGHT colored pavewmeut ( 1 )
Thin Bituminous 5urface a Glee
DARK "(Bitumen) a é visibilit
5 2|
WBM srwel pavement
3 25
- Earthtn Rpad
Crass Sleelope 5lope in transverse direp". províded on paemet
41. 3 GRAPienT
CambekI

Shouder adroina
GEOMETRIC DESIGN
gha ER (min 3: k mazpavemeut
i 0-5 FAT
5|) 1gHArs qrt sep R
AJR padumt SDepends on) iT Elt grqak STSt wet
shalder 1 5 . 4Yshouiden (pavement t0-5-) 4 3/| Permeabilke
(Tqpe*
PavemerctF
bitymen stp ¥ Sub-grade h i Surfaa
Glare avoid

5urfa
R 5 weling tHeaving
cracks deelop
Fanoueot RE)
= Shoulder T

For BITUMINOUS Surfae e l s MORE h a n

es way L ( r Carige uay, Paued Shoudr k

Expre Edge stip) (FIFt d s t) a
2*5-|. for R\F > 1000 mm ( r o o r e rm a t e h a l

for F 1o00 mm wsd

STRA14HT Rodd Honzontd Curve
Carniageway T
Pmtet centre 38i i w*t rausing
shoulder OUTER EDGE
eAges husforig Edge Mounta t
Strasight Line Camber Praabelic Camser Cenpesite Camber CrouwnHighestpt Same)

Úown o,0) PaRaBe4ic Represetaten

Liner Outtr

Haipt As
As fract edge

Re4d eaGi cIs NOT

s5 tan 5100 provided coz
H THing ot Snst fpr
Ce mn
w Drive Cetrelin h dRh
(For c|C pwemut 5t:LINE Camber prefemed H
(1:N)
CEasier to lay) 5low moving vehide dhT
Teplimg tehd eny AIG
wIDTH oPevem
 Tncludes Guard Rails, Foot þath, Drive
Cyede track, parkiing ulay, IF median provided means Divided
lant, Bus Ba
Pavemert eise undivides Irdieates Boundry btw Pave meet k medianpe
L-B, Frontje Roads k Em bankment
slope
pave ment Foct pafk ot tsland on shoutser
uand Rauls: Ril vpavement sheuidey EDGEecially
(Carria g L awenent t shoulde
5houde w hen road uit ove1 Widahof-foimatien |Roadway
eA
fin/eanf mtnt ht 3 LOw kerb
Roadway wid4h - Top width 5emi-Barn'er Typee Bamier Ie
ohighway EmBANKMeT Ht
ab e
100m
Pavemnt Ht150 mm Ht=20 cm
Fovtpath|5ide waik Previded for pedastians (ttsi)
Bottom w idh
UinN 4(excludi
o hwigu a with a slope d
ato pavemeet OOR
edge
pawewme
*r their
Side,
draink
Stdeyads) Tsl slow speed baHe)
5lope +1:1| STEEP
Gien in URBAN a t a tiEI
pedastran r Caled Mountable top75 mm slope =
Min" wiah 15 -
e more (asor hi 1V: 0-25H
Desirat le min" width =
2" Pedestnan Built UP
Cros5
5lope Geomatie Desij3
Encouwrages tratte rabbie H3P area 1ike
25-3 |. +5moother to remain in its ane
surfau than pamnt
Cfo Hghuays etalows dien t
TE :
Preveuts
encourag Pedastnaus to w
alk ove
it) entea fe 5houlde encroachmed ad
© Drive wa Connects higuway anta @ slow cent to
wi4h local egmuerciaf estatish meuts e n c r a l e n
spetdd by parki1
ve'les foofpah
6 T , Petrelpump HIGHWÅrs with tonsi-
Kerb A1lows T5 aderabie ped-
' Ff harrouw
(shert) 4)
NoT e t i a ratbic
UR
BAN
RoADS
D 'E@low
qede rack Eycie trohtie T
5ate mvrem eut E
peed with
Urban areas i where
eyele yothe vot on oad Vey ugh =

Can k wxd
for 4iffiuy
Minwidh -
2" K t &y 1"
road future
for Each ADDITIONAL Ereie Lane epansien
5urface
ParRi Lanes URBAN ROADS roughe Phan
o Ei A ÜHA ai, auouw
sa* for MOVING eluete trattie lane On BOTH 5ides r Pavenn)
only il
Parking Alanonmally Pavemtnf ay ajong road for UNDIVIDED
For 5pace requremtut less On OUTER edae »
Divtded Cu
Parking, mn" widh regd
(2s" std ehik widh = 3" Cwa lPavenect)
(Min" 5houlder widt: 2-5*m)
545 Bs Pasenger + t a 3ARA-7]F1d Avad side i#1 EI pavement Emeren lT Lfars 5t 5t6ilty
tcaraury operaHing pavemat
to
MUST be located e Atas service a n
least 75" away freu i'ntseep to
distinguish
k
spces on "
for damag ewee
kerd e u s e
Provided y kenb ri tte chi
reesng ta kevk) bw 2 Median ( m a j be marking
alse)
Shouider-
C) LaBes Provide d eaq Publie convinienee to
avoid Undivided
5houlder
ccnfuiet with runniug taattie ( 3T Tgt aasan et Ta)D
Divided
Min width =3nand mi" leugth 30" Paemeut
N

ROAD MARGINS Conjd

 O tht road lengt visible E diter
5toPPi 5ight Disfance (55
availatlé/ visible to drire to D): MIN) road engt
stoP 311aÍ Hor, aceideut
Vcisn wo Colliding ofk tnelig. ASSuptte DrieaS eye ht from road
NoN-
a"4 o65 bile)
stahiwobile) d by 5eeg/ Hearj 3INT) Surfaa -1:2"
PASSING / NoN-Ov ERTAKIN
MINI MUM 5D 4/ ABSOLUTE ObTect 61 kt
0 15" Caboe road surfaa|
out t
cond")
etstru",dr 5R"

JTS osbuct i
pass lonertae AET
+E
Brain'
5iutDistanu
MensurrdALONG
Resic" oh 5:D Ei 77 Cisite roadmean
ROAD 5URFATE A
Total aK" tme ) Dive
Hosizontat Curve i
(FAETORS qoemna 550) sees Bra Vertical Cuve
Reien a for LO5
Obfeet ad 7 ia t,55Dt1 wfo nernal tuinkg
n Always
TBrape aTÅ d|e its
tim ongr-maf
p e d but
VJesiq)
During total to visiey
estrc
Totel R" time 5sP desiuid
fer Vesig
bJw Ro TTK VeHeal
Aivíded in ana Tgre"
max"auewat le depeds cn Geometrie desiq SDtET)
Perceptien e ptedcritial (5Vxtr) Frietienal Hizways
Timc eqd bor obseef Cond uF
desi
situa" perept" Cobstruc sdeut:pirat*) Brakin disy e S" coe fre)
3 deperds on *) 5:D condrelled
by
reACs brain thu Nenous Vdesiqn Rond features UnccubolieJ Tterseep t
S** tspina cerd)durdivg 2f" 5SD Hto dirs Chon ze
i s tie e ato
Ht
SCtnetroad 5i eond") road sufaa vtseP
intveeip*)
Tteyec" time (t-etz SKid A CReer f e4a) teve R's
Time r e by rAA to E+V)
understud situat"/ Braking n" speed 5-D
Also tme vejd to
Rette ACP ohy3-4 5o cocss Obstrue F
coupae
ditt theug hts, jeqveupig TRT loked- ho . 40 3303l g t istane
regustug neiw zensåfa 35 5 D ae 5 D for vhwele i
Ca E1 m i e ya KE Tye sKids Disk
wile dseivrg otset high pitti rake Gadieut ot Road alona road fro the po* where
both can see eaeh
A dt sitnaf"pTgt
new
other Gpto) intersee
Jtis tnc vst) Varies b Down-radi eut ( ) 55D
I5D o 2 roads
Emetieu time Tie /Braka fore
shouldit io/:shouldtexaed 5SD
OSD
5ae
elapsd dudng Emottona th fr forta for entri
int n co-boiled Hea Lgut
5esatk ofher mentat borce devejoped Ue-qradient ( S-D
dtujbaus eg feat, a s g r efc
AccO to
9 situat" (obeH)
for
gant r Peihas"
dif sipas

appuCat" ot
6rakes in rejat"
tres) 55D
intse cP
to may fr" availat le
-Veitiou trine Tme t a t by
w tyrek voad
zAlA for FINALat" 1ie bfw tyre ¥
rake
&rae 7 appua
mar b ty Xread
 .55D
Cn)
=0278 Vt
254 (5t5)
Km(hr R rakiq tiwe OshTu epP
550 MUST 6e
awailate
Decend ing qradi'ent @ eack sest ot road
On ssD= maz Disfan
Distan DiSpna
restrickd width |
|55D s5D1t5SP 5ina1e
=
Laue Road wi' h 2-way
trabbi, Dnyer 5 e s
Brape
(-255D i 5ame for both o bstruc
AJTL a DeSn Speed
vehieles) 1eRorary sej"
.TE G55D cant e provided A permantut S50 LL+3 DT atter brafe
se Remeve obstgcP*| T) applieath UNTIL
5SD 95D corespoding to » RESTRICT Change Road aliguuent Distace traweues b
t stop5
X Specd 3TS ung t
5SD F
.Spezd-liit dur UNIFOR v FLAT ROAD
Geomebc Deuigr)
eg brate H'ghways S
IRC ecommendaf OR trC53
Desgn 5perd "USE i
-027tr= Km/b
V CKmlhr)|20 25 30A0 50 60 65 8 0 1 A &:25 see (IRE)
wE theorem
55D ) Cvaies bHw 4 5 ) AKE WorKdone by fri"
nea5ured ALONG FeradT"oproste
GLroad" 0-m-+FiL
Pratieay AI-2 veuedes
T ) -2
5pecd y C mgle
seme@ <,semt @ >VV) road ixed trottie)
(301R d e
Distyce
sama
d ddno need t overtrking) AsCENDING/ DECENDING GRADIENT
visibleto°divej moVin e V to OvertaRe a s/ow vehiele
CV<a)= O5D
wsint
OSD a4so caled SA FE PA5SING 5:D_
155ut
Driver T eee abert
road sur face and htot object/auehr 3+iTS cose VEO
eboe r0ad suraa =
12"
wcose
Factors attectngO5D AKE =(w D)4otet
.Sperdo o-Lm=- Fls Wsine Le
J o s rate of a c )
Ovtking, Oeatafen RK"tim k -SmqcoseT mgsine Le
kvendeie cemu ro Road T
orposite die eplen" driea Dist 6tw For
qhadieut e-5mau, e a 5ine a tane
5lope), cose *1
-
oventaRing
koventafeu TAKE 5(n)
whide As5ymna Ascending qredieut In f r a e
e 100- 6Decendi e 5 2.
254(F5 K»|hr) we 5:2
loo
| Cm)
 V t OR ) , v, ¬1) )3DR 1 aty 2T 1 varioles q dopestde
t ntine Assumina C"running @ V
22 5eC cant
depenhdeut aj T e t eua nge we
"A" "e" runs y
prediet
2 9 4 ,Smin spacing 4 A"k 8", f*(y)
5-7,+6)m), DR5: 2v, +m)Kmlh
b T OR 0 218 VsTI b= dist Trw by"B" duung
V T (asuun "é" r u
wih tbnyl: V6
ly+
Km|hr
O)
Now, d= V,T tLaT* (5 ut+et).T oitkig time) da
2 5 +b eod uo d
aa ace" i g ovetk7
25 +VT= T+LaT* Sped v RT
"A" r a speed ' rdue 7 B
Time eg fer SGeometrie Pesiqu "Ak"B" 5 iA mi 5paue headuay da Rai ETto alfoo
ovettk ot Hgkways
f(4,v) b d i s m u by ovVERTAKEN wiee 5) during k*7

overtkig T or 218 T T
# Overtakig operaf spuinto
OSD d, +d2tda
Drier a 1 d Distnu taveued time t"ot drier
y A dring rP"
Vpt 2s +VT) +VT (bhore aetuad oetakinq) e spe V {rducd sprd
Note 313I7 ovetaken vehselu ie'B " I 5peed el proten a 1vnd*usl ( BIRea'uere) 2 d by"a" during AcTUAL
DT O R*7 Ferap ob t * L
Acsune(V (Va-45)m(s 3 da' DT b " during T"
OR *)_Specd qtmaxovetkiug ace)tGT f n 1
"Desig" te-16) Km[hr
spera 20
Kh 3 vahle
5ae Vfot) 25ec
FstecttERADI ENT on 0sp} e" be decelerak
But d i 40
Osp requremeut may f
in
A/D 7radat Oversa
de eide ( 5T +
" a BUT '8" 7A accejera t t ie|
faste Tab6u 4:8 *
For steper
an' BUT V, also 4 CT+) Rt CV t ) eak l h | |
7rades, OSD Consd ovetK
qradit) R
Nou, T f (ve) T/4-f) A ien B e à a)
2Variate
As bo4h V, k a t we
osDero jon
Concluso
aceelerA
C fact3 ' Coy
/accelerat. tro) C a t commeut on #) Assumptiens A forud to big its 5petd down to speed ot " ( v
to cajuulate
Hence, mild Gradient (as in exact chae
05D 4ien f nds susti tient cAea gaf (s) a a d ,
plain ro lling terrain, O5D .

2. vayiabte e deides wihin t " to a e celenak k oveHafe B"

for BoTH 'AD qradlet
d uspe dependeot u . 'A"acceleras KoveAfafts "8" withMn d dusing {ime T
0SD on
ft road (5=o) 1 ea dwe d dsplht asstb +5)
 Untontrolled Iutrsect". 2-WAY
CNo ceuthel even u l e wtNCR Road stefckes with
Chestic) DIStN tr) Heigt ()
Interseet" 4 a Obreet tffie: 0sD 4,+d t
(acros arproocuinq voad t ceard view elai -4if 5SD 5 2 15
cerues) from a sutbeiet distauue 05D Roads with 1-way trabblef DivIDED
2
Ccewing fem epost read:) T |eus" a di 3ntsy) 2
15D 2'5
OsD d+d, HIGHWAYSs
ai
Conditions tat basis ot 5paa
OT Divided Higuoays ,
fom Desigu's d@ juttrseetien Headwa not ennial
[with 4 or morelan]
For No collis") to provide usual
BUT 5D 55D OSD,
d 0no opposite vehee
Enasliua Pproachin Enebling Av 5D (Abs min SD) and

(eie+ochange
5 to Step Eualing1
perd 5low down)) Stopped TTdt
Cresa main road
Stops kpe aovetkinq zo a t r S1| foret)
MINOR voad flo) apn4
Both redchin traueuing@va)
V An it caut reach Reguar frequang q
CEnficting point t" Jsperti
3 ses tapen
V Geometkie Desigu 5P5in Post
A c V X3Magor road 4 Sigt A Highwy5 3)osD 5P
OTZahed

kBCV A3 ObsucP
blena evetaking z ent (3-5)05D End t-OTZ"
then OK 5 0SD COTZ)
elsV sighelie os 305D

+) Honewwes i osD requveueut qeeraly NOT f4fiti

3H c a d
ovcataking Preh ibited by Requlatory signs
MAJDR road MINOR road E 0SD A Td pen as
TRE sugesh, at sD -255p
provide {7 caued ISD
ISD 255D for IsD
mas uremut, htof dners
Ct255 ie eye ht ot otseed 1-2"
same as
SSD)

OSDISD)55D
Head Light 5ight Dis jua:
55D dunng NiGHT in VERTICAL CURVE
Aeual S (5sD) HLSD