ESO203A Quiz – 9A

Duration: 13 minutes, Marks: 10

Question
A three phase, 208V, 20kVA, star connected cylindrical rotor synchronous machine with
𝑋𝑠 = 1.5𝛺/phase is connected to a three phase, 208V infinite bus. The machine is
delivering 10kW at 0.8 lagging power factor. Keeping the mechanical input constant,
determine the required percentage change in field current so that the machine operates
at unity power factor. Assume negligible stator resistance and rotational loss and linear
relationship between field current and internal emf magnitude.

Solution
208
Let per-phase terminal voltage be reference phasor, i.e., 𝑉𝑡 = ∠0°V. Given, 𝑋𝑠 =
√3
1.5𝛺, 𝑃3𝜑 = 10kW, power factor is 0.8 lagging. Thus, per-phase armature current is 𝐼𝑎 =
|𝐼𝑎 |∠ −cos −1 0.8A. Also,
𝑃3𝜑 = 3|𝑉𝑡 ||𝐼𝑎 | × 0.8
208
⇒ 10 × 1000 = 3 × × |𝐼𝑎 | × 0.8
√3
⇒ |𝐼𝑎 | = 34.6965𝐴
Consequently, internal emf is
𝐸𝑓 = 𝑉𝑡 + 𝑗𝐼𝑎 𝑋𝑆 = 156.9395∠15.3847°𝑉
For unity power factor operation with no change in real power, new armature current
magnitude is |𝐼𝑎1 | = |𝐼𝑎 | × 0.8 = 34.6965 × 0.8 = 27.7572A. Thus, 𝐼𝑎1 =
27.7572∠0°A. Hence, new internal emf is
𝐸𝑓1 = 𝑉𝑡 + 𝑗𝐼𝑎1 𝑋𝑆 = 127.0111∠19.0035°𝑉
With linear relationship between field current and internal emf magnitude, the required
percentage change in field current is
|𝐸𝑓1 | − |𝐸𝑓 |
× 100% = −19.0700%
|𝐸𝑓 |
 ESO203A Quiz – 9B
Duration: 13 minutes, Marks: 10

Question
A three phase, 208V, 20kVA, star connected cylindrical rotor synchronous machine with
𝑋𝑆 = 1.5𝛺/phase is connected to a three phase, 208V infinite bus. The machine is
delivering 10kW at 0.8 leading power factor. Keeping the mechanical input constant,
determine the required percentage change in field current so that the machine operates
at unity power factor. Assume negligible stator resistance and rotational loss and linear
relationship between field current and internal emf magnitude.

Solution
208
Let per-phase terminal voltage be reference phasor, i.e., 𝑉𝑡 = ∠0°V. Given, 𝑋𝑠 =
√3
1.5𝛺, 𝑃3𝜑 = 10kW, power factor is 0.8 leading. Thus, per-phase armature current is
𝐼𝑎 = |𝐼𝑎 |∠ cos−1 0.8A. Also,
𝑃3𝜑 = 3|𝑉𝑡 ||𝐼𝑎 | × 0.8
208
⇒ 10 × 1000 = 3 × × |𝐼𝑎 | × 0.8
√3
⇒ |𝐼𝑎 | = 34.6965𝐴
Consequently, internal emf is
𝐸𝑓 = 𝑉𝑡 + 𝑗𝐼𝑎 𝑋𝑆 = 98.1325∠25.1052°𝑉
For unity power factor operation with no change in real power, new armature current
magnitude is |𝐼𝑎1 | = |𝐼𝑎 | × 0.8 = 34.6965 × 0.8 = 27.7572A. Thus, 𝐼𝑎1 =
27.7572∠0°A. Hence, new internal emf is
𝐸𝑓1 = 𝑉𝑡 + 𝑗𝐼𝑎1 𝑋𝑆 = 127.0111∠19.0035°𝑉
With linear relationship between field current and internal emf magnitude, the required
percentage change in field current is
|𝐸𝑓1 | − |𝐸𝑓 |
× 100% = 29.4282%
|𝐸𝑓 |
 ESO203A Quiz – 9C
Duration: 13 minutes, Marks: 10

Question
A three phase, 208V, 20kVA, star connected cylindrical rotor synchronous machine with
𝑋𝑠 = 1.5𝛺/phase is connected to a three phase, 208V infinite bus. The machine is
delivering 10kW at 0.6 lagging power factor. Keeping the mechanical input constant,
determine the required percentage change in field current so that the machine operates
at unity power factor. Assume negligible stator resistance and rotational loss and linear
relationship between field current and internal emf magnitude.

Solution
208
Let per-phase terminal voltage be reference phasor, i.e., 𝑉𝑡 = ∠0°V. Given, 𝑋𝑠 =
√3
1.5𝛺, 𝑃3𝜑 = 10kW, power factor is 0.6 lagging. Thus, per-phase armature current is 𝐼𝑎 =
|𝐼𝑎 |∠ −cos −1 0.6A. Also,
𝑃3𝜑 = 3|𝑉𝑡 ||𝐼𝑎 | × 0.6
208
⇒ 10 × 1000 = 3 × × |𝐼𝑎 | × 0.6
√3
⇒ |𝐼𝑎 | = 46.2620𝐴
Consequently, internal emf is
𝐸𝑓 = 𝑉𝑡 + 𝑗𝐼𝑎 𝑋𝑆 = 180.4717∠13.3386°𝑉
For unity power factor operation with no change in real power, new armature current
magnitude is |𝐼𝑎1 | = |𝐼𝑎 | × 0.8 = 34.6965 × 0.8 = 27.7572A. Thus, 𝐼𝑎1 =
27.7572∠0°A. Hence, new internal emf is
𝐸𝑓1 = 𝑉𝑡 + 𝑗𝐼𝑎1 𝑋𝑆 = 127.0111∠19.0035°𝑉
With linear relationship between field current and internal emf magnitude, the required
percentage change in field current is
|𝐸𝑓1 | − |𝐸𝑓 |
× 100% = −29.6227%
|𝐸𝑓 |
 ESO203A Quiz – 9D
Duration: 13 minutes, Marks: 10

Question
A three phase, 208V, 20kVA, star connected cylindrical rotor synchronous machine with
𝑋𝑠 = 1.5𝛺/phase is connected to a three phase, 208V infinite bus. The machine is
delivering 10kW at 0.6 leading power factor. Keeping the mechanical input constant,
determine the required percentage change in field current so that the machine operates
at unity power factor. Assume negligible stator resistance and rotational loss and linear
relationship between field current and internal emf magnitude.

Solution
208
Let per-phase terminal voltage be reference phasor, i.e., 𝑉𝑡 = ∠0°V. Given, 𝑋𝑠 =
√3
1.5𝛺, 𝑃3𝜑 = 10kW, power factor is 0.6 leading. Thus, per-phase armature current is
𝐼𝑎 = |𝐼𝑎 |∠ cos−1 0.6A. Also,
𝑃3𝜑 = 3|𝑉𝑡 ||𝐼𝑎 | × 0.6
208
⇒ 10 × 1000 = 3 × × |𝐼𝑎 | × 0.6
√3
⇒ |𝐼𝑎 | = 46.2620𝐴
Consequently, internal emf is
𝐸𝑓 = 𝑉𝑡 + 𝑗𝐼𝑎 𝑋𝑆 = 76.8336∠32.8128°𝑉
For unity power factor operation with no change in real power, new armature current
magnitude is |𝐼𝑎1 | = |𝐼𝑎 | × 0.8 = 34.6965 × 0.8 = 27.7572A. Thus, 𝐼𝑎1 =
27.7572∠0°A. Hence, new internal emf is
𝐸𝑓1 = 𝑉𝑡 + 𝑗𝐼𝑎1 𝑋𝑆 = 127.0111∠19.0035°𝑉
With linear relationship between field current and internal emf magnitude, the required
percentage change in field current is
|𝐸𝑓1 | − |𝐸𝑓 |
× 100% = 65.3067%
|𝐸𝑓 |