UDSM

COET
DEPARTMENT OF STRUCTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION

ENGINEERING.

NAME OF STUDENT: SOKA, JOSEPH S

REGISTRATION NO: 2010-04 -04621

DEGREE PROGRAM: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING.

COURSE: SD 211-BUILDING MATERIALS.

PRACTICAL 2

DATE OF PRACTICAL: 27-MAY-2011

GROUP : A3.

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STRENGTH TEST
1A. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST OF BLOCK

1A.1 Objectives:

Determination of the maximum load the material can

Withstand per unit area of compression.

1A.2 Equipments:

Compression machine.

1A.3 Material:

Concrete cube.

1A.4 Procedures:

Refer handout.

1A.5 Result and calculations:

Compressive strength Fc = f /A = f/ab

Where f = ultimate force (load)

A = cross section area


Fc = 1000*103N /( 150*150) mm2 = 44.4 N/mm2

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1B.COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF HARDENED CONCRETE
1B.1 Objectives:

Determination of compressive strength of hardened concrete

and its stress-strain characteristics from a cylindrical

specimen

1B.2 Equipment:

Compression machine

1B.3 Material:

Hardened concrete.

1B. 4 Procedures: Refer the handout.

1B.5 Result and calculation:

Test specimen:

Diameter d =150 mm

Height h = 300 mm

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 Table of results:

Deformation
Load(KN) Reading(mm)
(mm) (*0.002)

10 4 0.008

20 10 0.020
Ultimate load = 120 KN
30 13 0.026
Calculation of stress and strain
40 21 0.042 at each loading:
50 30 0.060 Stress = Load/ Area
Strain = deformation/ length
60 40 0.080

70 50 0.100 Cross section area = π*d2 /4

80 62 0.124 = π*1502 /4

90 78 0.156 =1.767 × 104 mm2

100 100 0.200

Ultimate Tensile stress= Tensile
110 130 0.260
Load
120 170 0.340
Area
= 120 × 105N
1.767 × 104mm2
= 6.791 N/mm2

Ultimate Tensile stress = 6.791 N/mm2.

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 Load (N) × Deformation Stress Strain ×
103 (mm) (N/mm2) 10 - 5
10 0.008 0.5659 2.67

20 0.020 1.132 6.67

30 0.026 1.698 8.67

40 0.042 2.264 14

50 0.060 2.830 20

60 0.080 3.396 26.7

70 0.100 3.962 33.3

80 0.124 4.527 41

90 0.156 5.093 52

100 0.200 5.659 66.7

110 0.260 6.225 86.7

120 0.340 6.791 113

Maximum stress, σmax =6.791N/mm 2

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 σmax =6.791N /mm 2

 The material obeys hook’s law because load applied was directly
proportional to the deformation .The material is an ideal material.

2. TENSILE STRENGTH TESTS

There three ways of determining the tensile strength of materials

2A.SPLITING TENSILE TEST

2A.1 Objectives:

Determination of tensile strength of cylindrical specimen in

horizontal direction by indirect method.

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2A.2 Equipments:

Compression machine

2A.3 Material: Cylindrical concreate.

2A.4 procedure:

Refer handout

2A.5 Result and calculations:

Diameter D = 150 mm

Length h = 300 mm

Ultimate load F = 40 KN

Tensile strength Ft = Ultimate tensile load/ Cross section area

Ft = 2 F/ II* D L

= (2*40*1000) N/mm2/( II*150*300)

= 0.566 N/mm2

Tensile strength of cylindrical specimen =0.566 N/mm2

2B.BENDING TENSILE TEST.

2B.1Objectives:

Determination of bending tensile strength of a concrete bar .

2B.2 Equipment:

Compression machine

2B.3 Material: Rectangular block

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 2B.4 Procedure: Refer hand out.

2B.5 Results and calculations:

Length of the bar L = 400 mm

Thickness a = 100 mm

Width b= 100 mm

Ultimate tensile load F= 3.2 KN

Ultimate tensile strength = Max moment/ Section modulus

Where, Max moment = F L/ 6

and

Section modulus Z = ba2 /6

thus

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 Bending tensile strength ,Ft = FL/ ba2

= 3.2*1000*400 Nmm/100*1002 mm3

= 1.28 N/mm2

Bending tensile strength =1.28 N/mm2

2C.DIRECT SPLITTING:
2C.1 Objectives:

Determination of the tensile strength by application

of a tensile force to a specimen.

2C.2 Equipment:

Universal machine

2C.3 Material:

Steel bar (mild steel)

2C.4 Procedure: Refer handout

2C.5 Results and calculation:

Tensile strength = ultimate load

Cross section area

Ft= F

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 Nominal diameter…………D = 16 mm

Nominal area …………….An =II d2 = II*16 2 = 201.06 mm2

4 4

An = 201.06 mm2

Length……………………….L = 363 mm

Mass ………………………...m = 602g

Effective area……………...Aeff= m

0.00785L

= 493 =171.59 mm2

0.00785*366

Aeff= 211.26 mm2

Yield load Fy = 82KN

Yield strength fy = Fy / Aeff = 82*1000N /211.26 mm2 =388.15N/mm2

Yield strength = 388.15N/mm2

Ultimate tensile load Ft= 118 KN

Ultimate tensile strength = ultimate load/ Effective area

= 118*1000/211.26

=558.55 N/mm2

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2D.DETERMINATION OF DIRECT TENSILE

STRENGTH OF REINFORCEMENT STEEL

BAR AND ITS MODULUS OF ELASTICITY.

Results;

Load(KN) Reading (mm)*0.01 Extension (mm)*0.01

0 0 0

10 5.5 0.055

20 8 0.08

30 9 0.09

40 12 1.2

50 14.5 0.145

60 17 0.17

70 18.1 0.18

80 21 0.21

Tensile load = 119KN

Yield load = 81KN

Original gauge length Lo = 80mm

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 Total elongation = 5d’ – 5d, 5d’=95 and 5d=80

5d

=100 -80 = 0.25

80

Elongation =0.25*100=25%

Table of calculations:

Load(N) 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000

Deformation(m 0 0.055 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.145 0.17 0.18 0.21

m)

Stress(N/mm2) 0 47.33 94.67 142 189.34 236.68 284.01 331.35 378.68

Strain(%) 0 0.069 0.1 0.1125 0.15 0.18 0.2125 0.225 0.2625

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DISCUSSION OF RESULTS:
 In direct tensile test, the tensile strength is high because of a three
dimensional state at the ends.
 In splitting tensile test, stress distribution in a direction perpendicular
To the direction of the external compressive force cause reduction of the
strength of material.

 The bending of beam result in compressive stresses at the top and

tension at the bottom. The tensile strength of concrete is low because

the concrete is rich in compressive strength and weak in tensile strength

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CONCLUSION:
1. Ultimate tensile strength of a steel bar according to the

practical in direct test is =558.55 N/mm2

2. Ultimate bending tensile strength of a concrete bar is = 1.28 N/mm2

2
3. Splitting tensile strength of cylindrical specimen =0.566 N/mm

All these values are different from the actual values that was expected due

to some failure in the practical such as incorrect application of load,

readings and weakness of the practical materials

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