ELEN90060 Power System Analysis Tutorial 4-Problems

ELEN90060 Power System Analysis

Tutorial 4 – Problems: Load Flow
M. Aldeen, March 2015

Question T4.1: Consider the three bus system shown in Figure QT4.1.
The bus voltages are required to be 1.0 pu. The active and reactive
powers are given in table QT4.1. All data are provided in pu.

pu

pu pu

Figure QT4.1

Bus Real power Reactive Power Real power Reactive power

demand (pu) demand (pu) generation (pu) generation (pu)
1 PD1 = 1.0 QD1 = 0.6 PG1 = ? QG1 = ?
2 PD 2 = 0 QD 2 = 0 PG 2 = 1.4 QG 2 = ?
3 PD 3 = 1.0 QD 3 = 1.0 PG 3 = 0 QG 3 = ?
Table QT4.1

Hint: if δ ik= δ i − δ k expressed in radians is small enough, then it is

possible to make the approximation sin δ ik ≈ δ i − δ k and cos δ ik ≈ 1.

Part (a): Classify the three buses.

Part (b): Determine the complete power flow through the system.

Question T4.2: Re-consider the problem posed in QT4.1.

Part (a): The bus voltages have now changed to the following V1 = 1.0
pu, V2 = 1.04 pu, V3 = 0.96 pu. Determine the power flow throughout
the system.

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ELEN90060 Power System Analysis Tutorial 4-Problems

Part (b): Now the voltage profile has been restored to 1.0 pu for each of
the three buses, but the active power generation has been changed to the
following PG1 = 1.0 pu, PG 2 = 1.0 pu and PG 3 = 0 . Determine the power
flow throughout the system.

Question T4.3: Consider the 4 bus system shown in Figure QT4.3. The
bus powers are given in Table QT4.3.

Find the missing variables, i.e. PG1 , QG1 , QG 2 , QG 3 , QG 4 , δ1 , δ 2 , δ 3 , δ 4 .

Bus1 Bus2

Bus4 Bus3

Figure QT4.3

Bus Real power Reactive Power Real power Reactive power

demand (pu) demand (pu) generation (pu) generations (pu)
1 PD1 = 1.0 QD1 = 0.5 PG1 = ? QG1 = ?
2 PD 2 = 0 QD 2 = 0.4 PG 2 = 4 QG 2 = ?
3 PD 3 = 2.0 QD 3 = 1.0 PG 3 = 0 QG 3 = ?
4 PD 4 = 2.0 QD 4 = 1.0 PG 4 = 0 QG 4 = ?
Table QT4.3

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ELEN90060 Power System Analysis Tutorial 4-Problems

Question T4.4: Consider the 4 bus system shown in Figure QT4.4,

where the transmission lines parameters are shown in Table QT4.4a. All
the buses except the slack bus are PQ type; as shown in Table QT4.4b.
Assume flat voltage profile as the initial guess; use the Gauss Seidel
iterative method to determine the bus voltages and their associated angles
at the end of the first iteration.

S G1 SG 2
G1 G2
V1 =1.04∠0 pu

Bus 1 Bus 2 V2 =? pu
S D1 SD2

V3 =? pu Bus 3 Bus 4 V4 =? pu

SD3 G3 G4
SD4
SG 3 SG 4
Figure QT4.4

Bus-to-Bus R (pu) X (pu)

1-2 0.05 0.15
1-3 0.1 0.3
2-3 0.15 0.45
2-4 0.1 0.3
3-4 0.05 0.15
Table QT4.4a

Bus Bus Active Bus Reactive Bus Voltage Bus Type

Power (pu) Power (pu) (pu)
1 P1 = ? Q1 = ? =V1 1.04∠0 slack bus
2 P2 = 0.5 Q2 = −0.2 V2 = ? PQ bus
3 P3 = −1.0 Q3 = 0.5 V3 = ? PQ bus
4 P4 = 0.3 Q4 = −0.1 V4 = ? PQ bus
Table QT4.4b

Note: Bus Active Power = Pi PGi − PDi and bus reactive power
=
Qi QGi − QDi , where i=1,..,4.

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