Факультет математики і інформатики

1-й курс, 2-й семестр

Reading

Task 1. Read the text and fill in the gaps with a suitable word:

The teacher asked his students to add the (1)… 5, 8 and 6 at the same time. Some of the students first
(2)….5 and 8 and got 13. Next they added 13 and 6 and (3)…19. Other students first added 8 and 6 and
got 14 and then added 14 and 5 also getting 19 as a (4)… . The (5)…given above illustrate two important
characteristics of addition. One of them is that (6)… is an operation applied to only two numbers at a time.
For this reason we say that addition is a (7)… operation. Any operation is called a binary one when it (8)
… to only two numbers at a time and gives a single result. The other characteristic shown by the above
examples is that the (9) … is the same regardless of the order of the addition.
The use of parentheses will indicate how the result was obtained.
The first example can be written as follows : 5+8+6=(5+8)+6=13+6=19.
The second example can be written as follows : 5+8+6=5+(8+6)=5+14=19.
(10) … the final answers are the same we are making the following statement (5+8)+6=5+(8+6).

1. A characters B numbers C figures D symbols

2. A subtracted B added C divided D multiplied
3. A gave B remained C obtained D resulted
4. A quotient B difference C ratio D result
5. A examples B methods C combinations D solutions
6. A addition B evolution C involution D removal
7. A inverse B binary C closed D meaningless
8. A is applied B is involved C is considered D is transferred
9. A sum B relation C remainder D dividend
10. A Since B Below C Since when D In
 Факультет математики і інформатики
1-й курс, 2-й семестр

Reading

Task 2. Read the text. For statements 1-5 write True if you agree with the statement and False if
you disagree.

Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. His unusual talent for mathematics and physics
began to show when he was a student at a technical school in Zurich. At the age of 21, after four
years of study at the university, he began to work as a clerk at an office. And in 1905 he made
some revolutionary discoveries in science. He published three papers. In his first paper he
explained the photoelectric effect with the help of M. Plank’s quantum theory. His second paper
was a mathematical development of the theory of Brownian motion. His third paper was about
the ‘Special Theory of Relativity’. It must be mentioned that a great contribution to the theory of
relativity had been made earlier by the great mathematicians Lorentz and Poincare. Einstein’s
work was published in a physical journal. It stated that energy equals mass multiplied by the
square of the speed of light. The theory was followed by the equation. Scientists all over the
world met this Einstein’s work with interest and surprise. But only few physicists realized the
importance of this theory at that time.

11. He is considered to have made some scientific discoveries at the age of 26.
12. He published three papers on mathematics which were fully appreciated only after his death.
13. He is credited with the invention of quantum theory and photoelectric effect.
14. The theory of relativity was developed by him further based on the earlier works of two
great mathematicians.
15. His third paper was followed by the fourth one in which the equation was presented.
 Факультет математики і інформатики
1-й курс, 2-й семестр
Reading
Task 3. Read the text and find the correct answer for questions 16 – 20 (A, B, C or D):

A Short Introduction To The New Math

Many who have been out of school for a number of years find, if they want to refresh
their knowledge of mathematics, that there has been a great change, a sort of mathematical
revolution while they were away from school. The old, classical math has had its face lifted and
has taken on a new look which modern instructors claim is a great improvement.
In the classical math often taught in high-school courses, many simple truths were taken
for granted and there was a failure to analyze these truths to find out why they are true and under
what particular conditions they might not be true.
During the past centuries, great, world-shaking theories were born, notably the Maxwell
electromagnetic theory, the theory of relativity, and the concept of differential and integral
calculus. And all these extremely important doctrines came about as a result of questioning and
continuously asking WHY?
The results obtained using the New Math agree, of course, with those using the old,
classical math, but the method of the former is much more thorough and therefore more
satisfactory to the student who has never before studied math. The New Math teaches a student
to think a problem through rather than try to recall tricks of manipulation.

16. School graduates might well confirm that there have been great changes in mathematics ___ .
A since they were high school students.
B after they began to study pure math.
C after new fields of research were revealed.
D since the technology grew rapidly.
17. Classical math tends to present simple truths ____.
A determining their essential features.
B providing a thorough study of their nature.
C with no detailed explanation why they are true.
D explaining how they relate to one another.
18. Theories and concepts were discovered _____ .
A because many scholars were involved in the process.
B due to the efforts the scientists paid to find the reasons.
C according to the schedule originally planned.
D to reveal the unknown mysterious phenomena.
19. This classical exact science is known to have been bettered ____ .
A and restructured to be leading to the results we expected.
B by the efforts paid by those involved in the scientific work.
C by the overwhelming majority of such publications.
D considerably which modern scientists cannot but highlight.
20. A new approach offered by the new mathematical science ____ .
A aims to train students to arrive to a conclusion by reasoning.
B aims to address the needs of the old mathematical science.
C is required to ensure the development of the new field of science.
D failed to give a better understanding of the processes occurred.
 Факультет математики і інформатики
1-й курс, 2-й семестр

Grammar Test
Task 4. Choose the correct variants to fill in the gaps:

21. ___ work ___in a physical journal and it stated that energy equals mass ___by the square of the
speed of light.
a Einstein, are b Einstein’s, was c Einstein’s, to d Einstein, publishes, to
published, published, publish, be multiplied
multiplies multiplied multiplying

22. Another of Einstein’s great discoveries ___ his unified field ___ which was the result of 35 years of
intensive ___ work.
a is being, theorem, b are, thesis, c were, d was, theory, research
researches researching conjecture, to
research

23. Multiplication is distributive ___ addition in the set of natural numbers since it ___ ___ addition.
a over, is closed, b in, closed, over c on, has closed, d with, will close, with
under at

24. The addition of 3 numbers ___ on our first ___any 2 of the numbers and then adding ___ sum to the
third number.
a depended, added, b depending, c depends, d will depend, had added, theirs
they adding, them adding, their

25. The number zero is the additive identity, ___ the addition of it to any other number ___ the second
one ___ .
a as, to leave, b since, to be c after, to be left, d for, leaves, unchanged
unchanging leaving, unchanging
unchanged

26. The order ___ which we ___ is trivial ___ the product of 3 and 4 is the same as the product of 4 and
3.
a to, multiplied, for b in, multiply, c at, multiplies, as d with, will multiply,
since over

27. Why do we ___ signs when we ___ from one side to the ___ in an equation?
a change, transpose, b are changed, c have changed, d had changed, to
other transposes, transposing, transpose, the other
another others

28. Many who ___ out of school ___ a number of years find that there has been a sort of ___
revolution.
a has been, in, b was, since, c have been, for, d are being, at, Maths
mathematician mathematics mathematical

29. In the classical Math often ___in ___ courses, many simple truths were taken ___ granted.
a teach, high school, b teaches, high- c taught, high- d teaching, high school,
at school, on school, for in
30. ___ the past centuries, great world-shaking theories ___, notably the theory ___ relativity.
a During, were born, b In, was born, c Within, to be d After, is going to be
of off born, on born, with

31. The results ___ using the New Math ___ with those obtained ___ the old classical math.
a obtains, agrees, is b obtained, agree, c obtain, has d obtaining, were agreed,
using using agreed, have are being used
used

32. The New Math ___a student to think a problem ___ rather ___ try to recall tricks of manipulation.
a teach, across, then b has taught, into, c is being taught, d teaches, through, than
than over, then

33. The old classical math ___on a new look which modern instructors ___ is ___ great improvement.
a have taken, b has taken, c have been d do take, claiming, the
claimed, - claim, a taken, claims, -

34. Let us ___ ___ what particular conditions the simple truths might not ___ true.
a analyzed, at, to be b analyzing, with, c analyze, under, d analyzes, off, being
is be

35. He was actually ___ first engineer with modern ___ of elementary principles of machine ___.
a the, understanding, b a, understand, is c -, understands, d a, understood, function
functioning functions functioned

36. ___ in various fields of science he also gave ___of his time ___ practical application of sciences.
a Having worked, b To be working, c To have d Working, much, to
many, at a lot, for worked, lots,
with

37. The rule says that any term ___ from one member of the equation to the other ___ its sign ___.
a may be transposed, b may to be c may transpose, d may be transposing, to
provided, is transposed, to be provided, be providing, will be
changed provides, will have changed changed
change

38. This idea ___ in arithmetic ___ that division and multiplication are inverse operations, that is
multiplying is inverse ___ dividing.
a are being used, to b had used, to c has been used, d is used, to indicate, of
be indicated, at have been indicating, with
indicated, to

39. ___ both integers ___ in a fraction ___ the same whole number simply produces another name for
the fractional number.
a Multiplied, name, b Multiplies, c Multiplying, d Multiplying, naming, at
with names, in named, by

40. ___ the concept of symmetry ___ equality, the students sometimes ___ it difficult to understand the
properties of operations.
a With, off, finds b Without, of, c Under, in, d By, at, found
find finding