Unit 5

D MO electron of Oz (A E)
-

config
at
thief paramagnetic
=

the
Ep =
BO =
EGO -

7) = 1.5 (stable)
Td
's
It
025
(6152615*1262)%25*1402 p)ZGT2p)4(t2p*)
Td
oTs*
It
as

2) MO
theory of CI, Cz and cat
" "
CI: 13 e- (as)2(ols*)4o2s)%2s§Z( itzp) ( ozp) Bo -_ I (9-4)=2.5

"
Cz : 125 Cols)Z(ds*)Z(o2s)%2s*)%t2p) Bo = I (8-4)=2
'
(as) (ols§Z(o2s)2(o2s§4H2p) Left 4)
'
CE : 115 Bo =
-
= 1.5

a) increasing bond energy : Cat L

Ce CEI

b) increasing bond cat

-

length
: Cats Cz C X Cz s
-

Cz Ce c

bond decreases bond energy

length as increases
-

Cols)2(ob*)Z(o2s)Z(o2s§Z(t2p)
"

3) Bzt : 9 e- Bo
-

- I (5-4)=0.5

(a) 2625*7 (itzp)

?
Z

Bz i 105 Cols)2(a- Is Bo = E (6 -

4) = I

BE Il e- Cols)2(ols*)2(o2s)Z(o2s*)Z(H2p)3 130--2-(7-4)=1.5
'

a) bond Bat
decreasing Bz
-

energy
: s Bz 3

bond Bet Bz Bz
-

7
b) decreasing length >
:
4) Full MO electron
configuration 4 bond order
'
a) Nat Els)
-
Cols 92625262592 ( IT2p)4(o2p) EG 4) 52.5
-

i 13 Bo
-
-

"

b) Oct 155 Cols)2(ols*)Z(o2s) 2628)Z(o2p)Z(t2p)4(H2p§ 130=410-57-2.5

"

c) Liz 55 Cols)4ols*)%2s) BO = I (3-2)=0.5

"
d) Beat 7- e- Cols )Z(ols*)2(o2sY(o2s§ Bo = I (4-3)=0.5

5) Full MO
energy level diagram ,
MO e-
config ,
BO

b) 022
-

a) 18 e- c) OF
-

BC Ile 17 e-

E e eaten the
T2p IT2p* H2p*

er * * ate
Ast ITZP ITZP

Ed I I
62ns Edp Edp

at me at
dst o2s* O2s*

Id Td Td
ds 02J 02J

Td Td
Tis Tis

Bo -_ I(7-4)=1.5 th th
ds ds

paramagnetic Bo I (10-8)=1 130=240 7) 1.5

-

-
=
=

diamagnetic paramagnetic
-
-

expected to exist to exist exist

-

expected
-

expected to

(019)4065628)2( itzp)
- 's

BC : Gls)

(019)2625625)Z(o2p)2( itzp)4(it2p94
'
Ozo : Cds)

OF Gls)2 Cots)2G2s)2(o2s§%2p)YIT2p)4Gt2p§3
6) Not
-

NO NO and

(019)2628262s*)2(H2p) (o2p)4H2p§/
,
"
# (10-5)--2.5
-

NO : 15 e- Cols) BO =

( old
'
(019/62)%29)2(IT2p)%2p)YIT2p§2 IGO 6) =L
-

No i 165 BO -_ -

4019/6254028/(440/46210)
'd

Not 145 ( old 130=440 4) =3

-

"

a) decreasing NO >
-

bond NO
strength : NO >

Not
b) increasing bond
length
: NOC NO
-

7) Fully condensed formula :

't

Tho .
YET as
ya
(CHS)zCHCHz0H (CHS)zCH COCH (CHS) e (CHS)eCHCHzCHz0H

8) a
)
JB
b) CHzCHzC(cHz)2 COCH's

c) CHZCHCHCHZCHZCOOH
µ \ µ

d) cHzcHzCH( CHS) cFzCCCH2cH3

My
e) CHzCHzCHz COOCH K #3) 2
1¥01
f) CHZCHZOCHZCHZCHS
yo 1
°
g) (cHscHz)zCH CHO II
it

)
h
CHz(cHz)6 CONHZ %
# Nitz
9. different
a .

compounds
b -
constitutional isomers (same )
molecular formula but different connect

c . Same

d. constitutional isomers

e .
different compounds

10 . E V
11 .
E
✓
12 . D ✓
13 .
B V
14 .
C V
15 .
C X D

16 .
C ✓

17 .
B V
18 A .
V
19 E
V
✓
.

20 C .

21 .
ether, ester amine alcohol
, ,

22 alkyl halide
v
alkene, ether amine
FetoneX
✓ r
.

, , ,
x
amide
 )
23 which would have hydrogen bonding?
N Hz -

yes CHZOH -

yes H Br - no Pitz - no CHSF - no

CHzNHz -

yes

24 ) which of the
following would have
higher boiling point ?
butane molecule and this
A
larger with more e-
stronger
-

dispersion forces

b -

E F -

both nonpolar , Sify is larger ,

l l e- and therefore
F- C
F
F
F
more
stronger
si
- -

forces and
dispersion higher
-

l l
F F bp

c .
i. NEN : :c -=o :
-

polar, therefore has

dipole
-

dipole as it 's
strongest
intermolecular force while Nz is
nonpolar .

Dipole
-

dipole stronger so co has

highest bp
d PHS H2S both polar
.
or -

, both have dipole dipole -

H2S moment;
larger dipole larger
H Fs H
I
H H
dipole dipole higher bp
- -
- -
-
.
:

l
.

CH> Cl
e
coz or CO2 is nonpolar so
only dispersion
-
.

it while cttzcl dipole

= -

dipole .

= H -

& -
Cl Dipole dipole stronger
-
than
dispersion .

H
Cltzcl higher bp .

f. strongest
H Ber H2O
bonding
has H
or as
- - -

µ µ intermolecular force while HBR

dipole bond > d d

is
dipole It -
-
. -

H2O higher bp
'

c .
.
g.
NN -
Both non -

polar, both same mass,

octane however octane has more points

or contact and therefore
of
higher
boiling point .

2,2 3,3 - tetra methyl butane

,

h . CH golf or Li -

CHZOH has H
bonding
-
has
strongest
( covalent) ( metal ) intermolecular force .
Li contains

metallic bonds Li will

strong
'

. .

have
higher boiling point .

25J Arrange in order of

increasing bp :

-
NaCl ctlzcl , Cttzolt CHZCHZOH , cHzCHzCHzCH3
, ,

CHzCHzcHzCHz C
ctlzcl C CHZOH C
CHSCHZOH a
NaCl

26) which of formed from

type polymer is :

a) amino acids → condensation polymers called proteins

b) alkenes → addition polymers

c) simple sugars → condensation polymers called polysaccharides
d) mono nucleotides → condensation polymers called nucleic acids

27
) Cg Hs CH GHz
motor mass =
3.51105g Imo I

n=.Mpolym# n= 3.5×10591 mot =

3.4×103 glmol
M repeat 104.152

28J Czttzcl
n= 1565 M polymer = n x M repeat =
156£ X 62.499 =
9.780×104
glmol
29) Fzc -

CFL M polymer = n x Mrepeat = 273 X 100 .

02 = 2.73×104
n= 273
glm - l

3D 100g Imo I =
-Xl059/m =
5000

motor mass = S X 10591 m- I

100g Imo I or 5×103

3D Reaction processes that lead to two types of synthetic

polymers = addition reactions and condensation reactions
(addition polymers and condensation polymers)
H It

¥
as ' a) 2=5.
.
. .
it

It it
.
-

)
'
b c=c
n
' '

(t
CHS

as " F- E

. a) 2=5
.
:* .

b) I =L
Do
^
¥

-[
I I NT
'

)
34 to -

Catz) , -
-
-

GHA -
NH t Gen -

D Hao

35J HO
-[% -

GHz)y -
E O -

@ He)s -

o¥Ht(2n -

1) H2O
-

Draw abbreviated structure for the

polymer ,
with brackets

)
36

of
CHS

Ho -
OH → HO H t
Cn 1) H2O-

.BA/@eegdyyoeau.ynag!?on for reaction of n number of the

 ) a)
37 O

11
H O
11
H
1
O
11 etripeptidei aspartic
HZN N' acid
GH
-
-
o - -
CH -
c - N -
CH - C - OH
l l
CHZ
l
CHz histidine
( I CHZ I
CIO
N tryptophan
bit 4- IH
HN
O H O
H
t 11 1 11 It
b) N'
fit
-

HSN - -
o -
N -
Ck - c - -
ch -
c -
o

l l
H CHz CHz with
charges
•

l l

④
SH

1
OH
0 0
0 It It
11
) a)
38
It 1
CH c N' K OH

fit
Han - - c -
N -
- - -
CH - -

I I
He
{ CHZ CH -
at

Chez l l
l
# CHS
cite l l
CHZ
I X
NHZ
Structure tri peptides :
of each of the
following
•

Lysine -

Phenylalanine -
threonine
b) With
charges that exist in cell fluid
with
charges
-

O
° H O H
11 1 11 11
,
Hz Nt
-

- CH - c - N - CH -
c -
N - Clt -
C -
o

l l l
C Hz
CHS CHS -

CHS
l l
CH -
CHS
CHS
I
CHZ

3D sequence of the
complementary DNA strand
a) TTAGCC b) AGA CAT
AATCGG TCTGTA

)
40 sequence of the
complementary DNA strand
a) GGTTAC b) CCC GAA
CCA ATG GGGCTT
a) CHzcttz.CH/3rCHzCH0HClt3b)CHzcHzC(cHz)zCOCH3
%
-
me
l l
rye
at
Br

c) CHzcltCHCHzcttz.cat d) CHzcHzCH(CHz)CFzCCCHzCH3
O F

to ,
11
I N
✓

e) CHGCHZCHZCOOCHCCHS)z f) CHzCHz0CHzcHzCH3

vk.in me

g) ¢HzcHz)z CH CHO
°
h
) CHz(cHz)6C0NHz
0
Il Il
NH
# IN Hz
l
l

structural
•

Writing
as
the
bond -
line
condensed
followingformulas formulas
 Unit It 2 Test

got cuckoos)z
Elon
250.0mL =
0.25L

moi mm =

0.400M¥ 0.25$
fin.jo?c4noja--='%?:}
-
-

2)

# of ions

5×10-34
)
''
( 2.64×104 ions
0.438mL
ions
=

'

B G Y O R
v l

4
gamma definitely
-
so 1st
radio waves last ( longest)

4)
-

47014J ) =
470 X 1065

' b
F-photon 470×1065 7.8047
-

= X lo
=

022×1023 mot
-
I
6.

photon R (6.626×10-3453) (3.00×10%6)

h¥
'

hq
F- = . .
=
=

-16
7. 8047 x. to

om A
(¥m)
'
2.5
-

I = 2.5469×10 =
 'd
"

)( ) 6.85727 XD
'

Izmit
-3
( 9. it 3.88×105 m/s
Ee
Lz t.io =
= =
Eg

ol -

-
hv -
Ek
=
(6.626×10-34 Js ) ( 4.66×1014 s
-

)
'
-
6.85727×1020
= 3.0877×1019 J -

6.8573×1020 J
= 2.40197 X 1519 J

'
9
' 4
J the
-

✓= 3.625 IO
# =
2 - 40197 x co
=
X

h
6.626 X IO
- 34
JS =
5.63 X 1014 Hz

6)

F-
(6.626×10-34 ) ( Js 3.00×10 m/s ) 4.0859×10-195
=h = =

)
486.5 nm m

se = - AZZ -

4-0859×10-195=-4.179×10 5) (1)
2µg n÷)
-
'"

emission
✓
4.0859×10-195
'
5) ( 0.25 nite)
- '
-
= -

(2.179×10 -

-
0.1875 =
(0.25 -

0.0625 = T.cz .
'

. ni2= L is ni= 4
0.0625
 R ?
@ )
m =

Best 2- = 4

SE = -
AZZ
# -

÷) O
Z

) ( 4) ( 1¥
'
8J
(2. ltaxio
-

SE =
- -

-
'
8
BE = 3.87339 X co J

SE = .
'

. r -

hag = (6.6455×0-34 5) ( ns.ossotxioamls)

' 8
3. 87339 X co
-

( Yotam )
*
5.131435 51.314
-

= XO m nm
=

, = 51.3 nm

R
'

he
HP
-

-
a .

mu

6.626xco-34-fe.sk#oIXssniiHi:iY*KiEiKsEooD
=

- 32
= l . 6-94 X ( O
-
32
= I . 7- X (O m
Practice Problems
3st

a) Grams of solute in 175.8mL of 0.20714 Ca(CzHz0e)2

grams
cafettsodz-o.com#(l75.8m4(ym)
=
5.76g Ca (Celts 042

b) Molarity of 500mL of solution

containing 21.1g
KI

Sst

M=
moly 21.1g KI (EEE
165.998g ) KI 0.254M
=
500mL
3sf om)
c) Moles of solute in 145.6L of 0.85014 Nach

mot = Mx L

0.850 moi Nach ( 145.6L) = 124 mot Na CN

Bst

Za) Volume 2.26M KOH that contains solute

in liters of
8.42g
M
mot
L =

ryyot 8.42g KOH #EoH

-

0.0664 L eat
56.105 KOH =

2. 26 M KOH
L

b) Number of cult ions in 52L of 2.3M Cuclz

' Cock (
524L ( 6i a" )
ions

2.5mg
= 7 .
Z Xi 025 ions Cit

c) Molarity of 275mL
containing 135mmol C6Hiz06
of solution

M= mot 135mmol C6Hiz0y

L 1mmol 0.491 M
=
glucose
275mL
(÷m )
Sa) of solute needed to make 475mL of 5.62×10-214 Kzsoy
grams

molkesoy ( 475mL)
9) 4.6%9*4
-

62110
-

5. '
=

b) Molarity of a solution that contains

6.55mg Caclz in each mL

Yuck
( fig ) ( Hom?dq9g%.dz/=o.os-aoM
-

moi 6.55mg Cache

µ=

)
1mL Cada

c) 184 M
-

of
# of Br ions in 1.00 mL 0 .

Mg Bre

0.184
ringing
Bre Ll 00×10-34
( timing ( ftp.o?Biions)
-

= 2.22 X 1020 Br
-

ions
Unit 3

1) Uncertainty travelling 1.89×105 m/s 2.007

-

in m e .
meet
,

1. 89 x iOS mfs ( O .
0200
) = 3.78×103 m/s

DX L h
=
6.626×10-34 Js
41T (msu ) 4 it ( a. 11×10-31 Fg) ( 3.78×103 m/s)

•
I
-

* 1.53 x co m

2) mass = 220lb uncertainty in speed = 0 .

I mhi
1st

"' 6. 626×10-34 Js

AX
4rczzoybko.in#(T.ydfii,?*)fiII)fIooD
-

35M
2 I × co

3) mass = 6.6×10
-

24g uncertainty speed = 0.1×10 7mi/h

1st
- 34
" I 6. 626 X co Js

g) ( oixiotmi)
ftp.?Y(TiIn)(YToos)
"
4+6.6×10
-

-
' "
DX 2 2×10 m

4) Is =
( orbital 4d= 5 orbitals
3p =3 orbitals n= 3=9
 Unit 3 Test

-
mass 20.9994 amv
speed : 6.07×10 m/s ( 0.0100) = 6.07 m/s

345
-

DX I h_ 6.626 x co

4itczo.aaa4amull6.am/s)(ia6mYl0-2Y)(#9og)
Lhtlmsu)

om
- '

DX > 2.50 410

n =L cannot have l =/

cannot have Ms = -

cannot have Ms = t I

0
= Of

Gf 7
n=6 1=1 3

5) How many
e- in an atom can have the
designation 7-d ? 10

6) How
many angular nodes exist in a Ss orbital ? O

7) # of non - trivial nodes in a Gd orbital is : 6 -

2- I =3

8)
1522546352310645234104ps

a) exc .

der] Ss
'
4d5
④ e) 654ft454106+4
[Ar] 347
 I
Pd = Car] 453dB Pd : Car] 9h Td 4h Tt
-
t 9
-
- - - -

paramagnetic 4S 3d
-

Z -
valence
✓
46

6
6

36

Mn : CAD IN 9- tee -
I - -

4s 34 4p

sit

① e) ss23.pl

Mc
-

[Rn]7sZ5f'46dP7p4
 -

I 5) Give the monatomic ion most

likely to be formed
by se ? See

table
PO further down periodic

farthest
night (same period
As
)
-

as e
-
fr has to be the lowest

(Tl is lowest on
periodic table)

• -
3 > -

z > -
I > + I > t2 > +3

-
-

Br At
2T 4T
Pb pg

'
-

As
-

As
 )
21 Give the
ground state condensed electron
config of Bist
'O

[Xe] Gse 4ft4 Sd

\
\

✓
big jump
Cl
Unit 4

1) which is more metallic ?

a) Na or CS
b) Se or Ge c) Mg or Rb d) Po- In

2) Arrange in order of
increasing
bond strength
a) B. Brr
,
-
Cl - Cl
,
I - I I -
I < Br - Br L Cl - Cl

b) S -
H
,
s -
Br
,
S - Cl S -
B - a s -
Cl e s -
H

N L 5- N ⇐N
c) CIN c N CIN C <
-
-

, ,

bond atomic radii

strength increases as decreases
•

3) Arrange in order of
increasing
bond
length
a) H - F
,
H -
I H -
Cl H -
F S H - Cl C H -

I
,

b) C - S
,
C=0
,
C -
O c=0 C C -

O L c - S

N
c) -
H
,
N - S
,
N - O N -
H c N -
O - N - S

4) Arrange order of EN CEN right )

PT
increasing
in increases + up

a) s O si ,
,
si e se O b) Mg , P ,
Sr Sr <
Mg
LP

5) Arrange in order of
decreasing EN

a) N , p , si N > PS si
b) Ca, Ga ,
As As > Ga > Ca

6) Indicate the polarity of each bond with polar arrows

a) N
←
-
B b ) N -
O c) s - O
d) N -
H
↳ to ←

8) Are the
following nonpolar covalent or
polar covalent ?
order character
increasing partial
of
Arrange in ionic .

a) S -
S
nonpolar b) P -
F polar e) S -
Cl polar
DEN = 0 DEN = I .
9 SEN = 0.5
S - S C S -
Cl C p -
F

)
10 Lewis structure EGA shape Angle polarity

'÷:÷
" no ear
Tis
'
non -

1200
.

.
 "
b) coz trigonal trigonal 1200 non - polar
4T 3(6) +2=245 manor planar
2-

+ 2 more resonance

c) Setty trigonal seesaw < 90 polar

< 120
: - '

,
bipyra .

I ✓
F-
- -

i. Se . .

- e .

I -
-

¥:

d) NOI trigonal bent < I20 polar

- planar
€0: -
ii=÷]
+ I more resonance

e) PHS tetrahedral trigonal < 109.5 polar

' .
pyramidal
H -
p - H

l
H

f) seclz tetrahedral bent < 109.5 polar

C U
-
e c r

II s Cl :
.e
- -

I < C
. -

g) Cfy tetrahedral tetrahedral 109.5 non -

polar
← I

i. F :

- .
I .
.

ie - C - F:
- -

f
- -

if:
 h
) Brts trigonal T-shaped CaO
polar
: bipyra .

.
. I . .

Br - E:
C - -

I
i. F :
- <

i
) Ertz trigonal linear 180 nonpolar

c. E: bipyrami .

I •
.

i. er '
c

:¥ :

j) Betz linear linear 180 nonpolar

:# Be -
÷ :

( e- deficient)

1) Determine the
shape around each central atom in each

molecule 4 explain deviation from ideal bond

angles ?
a) CHZOH
H tetrahedral -
no deviation
✓
Hi
! - - H

G t bent -

angles less than ideal of 109.5 (Ll Oa 5) .

b) N
204
.

N ,
.→
N
both
trigonal plane- i no deviation from ideal
angle
t
.
-
I :
O
.

u ✓

c) Hzpoy tetrahedral ( slightly larger than 109.5 due to

:O
:P
←
- -
-
lpl - it
-
,
-
H double bond )
" & " I
He
bent -
deviation from ideal of 109.5 (2109-5)
12
) Draw Lewis structures of all important resonance forms .

Determine which contributes the most to resonance hybrid .

a) Nozt
HI t )
t 't C- 1)
'
④ HI H "

⇐ =N=÷]'
fi ) ¢)
"
-

÷:]
.

← ⇐ n -

←s÷ - neo :]
I II III
-

contributes the

most; best formal

charges

b) HN 03
(o ) E) '

I
co)
. .

C- l )
(O) f )
'

I II III
⇐ 1) on
oxygen not stable
•

I and I contribute equally to the resonance hybrid

B)

I :*: ÷:k¥÷÷÷÷÷t¥÷¥÷÷ .

I II III

I and I contribute
equally to hybrid
•
resonance

NO bond order (shorter but

stronger single
3-2 than
=

bond ; but than

longer neater

double band
)
(6) Which molecule in each pair has a
greater dipole moment ?
a) 5oz or so-3

soz greater dipole since song does

-

°
If not have a
dipole moment
#
.
.
.
. I
atoms involved
If only two only
IS q
.
are ,

+ ×
0 0 OF YO EN

are
difference

more than
is

2
needed

atoms
.
If

the
there

structure must be determined .

b) ICI o - IF -
IF since F is more
electronegative
than Cl

c) Sift or
sty -

sty has
greater dipole since Sify
is non -

polar
F F
\ -

nonpolar l F
-
si F i. S S
' -
F F
I
F
F

d) H2O or Hzs
-

same
shape but 0 more electron .

then s there Heo has

greater
v
i
.

<
O l
o S
0 I \
✓ ,
H
dipole
H H H

(7) What are the

hybridization of central atoms

rspb
Hsc -
i -_c=÷
.

sfa Lsp

(8) How
many o bonds 4 IT bonds are in :

H H H H
G 1 IT 16 16 IT 16
g H
H - c -_ c -
C = c -

o O G
o

bonds
9
Sigma, 2 it
-
20 )

a) CFY 9- E -
I #
Zp Ep

pg PEEK q ,
T T T T

Is sps
Ege
e-
: ÷
.

Free c* Hybridized C

Dep

OF
F

O
b)

pcl6÷ ÷ ÷ i÷ ÷n÷ ÷ ÷:÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷

'
o

Day
se

O o
 -

c) Sids

÷i÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷¥ f)
Hybridized si
-

Cl D
¥
sp3d ↳ 3p
Cl

U
d) NFS

9- I -9
Zp

÷÷t÷÷.÷ ±÷
" ' .

. Hybridized N

lone
r pair
•

Spd
•

Jap
o
F
0 Do
F

O
e) B Br z

÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷ :÷÷ :÷÷i÷÷

.

( Ep
B
2
sp

°
is r D

④
U

÷ ÷ .
÷i÷÷÷÷÷ ÷÷÷÷÷ .

g
 Test 3

O -
metallic character increases left and down PT

O -

electronegativity increases
right and
up PT

3) all important
-

Draw resonance structures of Pos

a) -
-

a a ÷
:]
b) What is the P - O bond order for Pos
-

5/3

c) True
-

True or false the P -

O bond in 1003 is shorter
,

than phos bond

oxygen single
a
-
.

4) Consider the following

:
a) Give the VB partial orbital
diagram
- -
- - -
E - - -
-
- - - -

401 4d 44

gyp ya promote la la la Td T T T T
-
- -
→ - - -
→ - - - - -

4p e- 4p
It If sp3d
4S 4S

Freese Free SE Hybridized se

e-
promoting
when
;
•

promote from p and not

since it is less
energy
s
,

b) Give the VB orbital overlap diagram

410

f)
Br

①
H .

Be

§
A

¥
sp3d
o

④ Br