Media and Its Dimensions

TEXT AND INFORMATION MEDIA Technology

Journalism ● Includes the latest technological
● Collecting, writing, editing and trends
presenting of news in newspapers, ● Example: Latest iPhone
magazines, radio and television Business
broadcasts, or the internet ● Contains updates regarding the
● The newspaper is one of the major economy
mediums used to disseminate ● Example: Philippines suffers
information through texts. It is a recession
regularly scheduled publication Sports
containing news, information and ● News about sports, standings and
advertising. It has two formats athletes
○ Broadsheets ● Example: Favorite team in the NBA
○ Tabloids
Broadsheets Straight News and Lead
● Typically long and is from a much Straight News
more reliable and established source ● Answers 5H and 1H (who, what,
Tabloids where, when, why, and how)
● Smaller, shorter, and typically easier ● Aka hard news because it focuses
to read and is aimed for the masses more on politics and crime
● May contain vulgar and informal ● First two paragraphs are most
language important

Several Sections of Newspapers

Headline
● Considered as the most important
news of the day
● Example: Corruption allegation
(Pharmarly)
Opinion
● Includes editorial and columnists, Lead
writing essay with specializations ● Most important part of the news
● Example: Randy David and John article
Nery ● First sentence or paragraph must
Entertainment contain the most important facts
● Contain pop culture news and ● Serves as a hook to the news story
updates, and comics
● Example: Toktok welcomes Vice
Ganda
Lifestyle
● Includes health and wellness
● Example: Keeping fit with little
equipment
Most Readers Prefer Reading The Front
Page
● It is the most attractive content
among the audiences as they set the
reader’s agenda
Text-Specific Issue
Sensationalism
● Style design to produce startling or
thrilling impressions or to excite and
please the vulgar taste
Tabloidization
● Revision of traditional newspapers
Envelopmental Journalism
● Bribery through cash envelopes to
influence them to write news that is
one-sided or biased
Yellow Journalism
● High interest stories, sensational
crime news large headline reports
exposing corruption in business and
government
VISUAL INFORMATION AND MEDIA
Visual Literacy
● Develops our ability to construct
meaning from images
● We must interpret the visual
elements beyond what it appears to
be
Photography
● The process of recording image
through a chemical interaction
caused by light rays hitting a
sensitized surface (celluloid film)
Digital Photography
● Images are captured or encoded as
electronic signals stored in the
camera’s system memory storage
and decoded as digital image files.
Darkroom
● Elimination of the chemical
laboratory (darkroom) in the overall
photographic process
Principles of Photography
Emphasis
● Pulls viewers to a specific element in
the image
Balance
● A sense of stability in the shot and
can be achieved by using elements
of equal or similar weight
○ Symmetrical Shot
○ Asymmetrical Shot
Unity
● All elements forms a whole
Contrast
● Use of contrasting elements
● May be in terms of shapes, texture,
color, or value
Movement
● Direct the viewer’s eye to follow a
perceived action.
Rhythm
● Use of repeating or alternating
shapes, colors or values.
Repetition and Pattern
● A repeating element in the image.
Scale and Proportions
● Juxtaposing a small object with a
large object exaggerating their size.
Perspectives
Linear
● Direct our gaze to a vanishing point
within the visual field. The best
illustration to explain vanishing point
is the “train track” effect.
Scale
● The figures and objects in the
distance are reduced in size.
Atmospheric
● Details of figures and objects in the
distance are not only diminished but
also rendered in soft focus.
Image Specific Issues
Image Manipulation
● Done for artistic merits or for
deception.
● The practice of airbrushing in
magazines to erase wrinkles, spots
or imperfections, trimming the waist
or fat of the models to make them
appear thinner.
Image Grabbing and Plagiarism
● A graduate student from UP was
caught plagiarizing a photo that won
the top prize in the Calidad Humana
photo contest held by the Chilean
embassy in 2013. After further
investigations, it was revealed he
plagiarized several photographs
before this incident and passed them
as his own in various photography
contests.
Graphics
● Images or styles that are either
drawn by hand or via computer
software.
Uses of Graphics
● To build user interface, decorate, or
instruct users.
● To maximize animated characters for
educational, interactive, and
entertainment purposes.
● To represent data in various forms.
● To show 2D or 3D representation.
● For medical purposes.
AUDIO INFORMATION AND MEDIA
Information
Dialogue
● Conveying what the event is all
about
● Helps in developing story
progression
● Ex: Jean-Claude talking to Bryan
Mills from Taken 2.
Direct Address
● When the performer speaks directly
from his/her screen position
● Ex: King George VI giving a live
broadcast address from the King’s
Speech
Narration
● Strategy in advancing a plot from
pictures
● Ex: Forrest narrating his stories to
strangers from Forrest Gump
Outer Orientation
Space or Ambiance
● Where specific sounds can help
reveal and define the location of an
event
● It can represent time, situation
Predictive Sounds
● Sounds that viewers anticipate while
watching a film or television show
● Ex: Lightsaber from Star wars
Leitmotive
● A short musical phrase or specific
sound effect that signals the
appearance of a person, action, or
situation
● May only be effective if used
repeatedly to signal the same event.
● Not widely used anymore
● Ex: Lupin the Third appearing in the
scene.
External Condition
● Indicate whether something is big or
small, smooth or rough, high or low,
old or new, fast or slow
● Ex: The Shark attacking a swimmer
from Jaws
Inner Orientation
Mood
● Variety of nonmusical sounds
(usually synthesized or otherwise
electronically distorted sound) or a
combination of music and
nonmusical sound
● Ex: The time machine of Mcfly’s
Delorean car activates in Back to the
Future
Internal Condition
● Examples are unstable environment
(often in conjunction with the
contextual visual clues) or a person
who feels calm, excited or agitated
● Ex: Death of Leonidas
Energy
● Whistles and whines, can provide or
increase the aesthetic energy of a
scene
● Ex: Yondu’s arrow from the
Guardians of the Galaxy
Structure
● Sounds establishes or supplements
the rhythmic structure or the visual
vector structure of the screen event
● Ex: Autobots transforming from
Transformers G1 film
Audio Composition
Voice
● Sound coming from the voice box or
larynx
Sound Effects
● Can be canned, live, or digital
Music
● Can be used on its own or to
enhance broadcast and production
Silence
● In radio, dead air is avoided because
it disrupts the flow of information
from broadcasts
● However, silence can be utilized
intentionally in production to create a
certain effect
Noise
● Number one enemy in audio
production, unwanted sound
Audio Codes
Dialogue
● Omniscient Point of View
Diegetic vs. Non-Diegetic Music
● Diegetic music is part of the action:
non-diegetic music is not part of the
action but added over the top (as
post-production)
● Music is used symbolically to add
associated meaning to the visual
images (atmosphere and tension).
Sound Effects
● All sounds are neither dialogue or
music
● May be diegetic or non-diegetic
Voice overs
● Spoken words laid over the oher
tracks in sound mix to comment
upon narrative or to narrate
Score
● The title of the music soundtrack
Ambiance
● Background sound used to build
setting
● Common ambiance sounds include
water, wind, birds, crowds, office
noises, traffic, etc.
MOTION INFORMATION AND MEDIA
● Film was earlier called moving
pictures since its precursor
photography is still (non-moving)
pictures which was shortened to
movies
● Cinema refers to specific bodies of
work in film that carry specific
thematic topics.
● Usually film comes in two formats:
short film (40 mins or less) and
feature length or full-length feature
Modes of Production
Pre-production
● Planning stages of production
● Concept development, scriptwriting,
financing, casting set design,
shooting details, etc.
● Including developing the concept
until it becomes a full-blown script or
screenplay
● It also includes production concerns
such as budgeting, hiring and
casting
Production
● Actual shooting of the film
● Aka principal photography phase
● Typical shooting for mainstream
full-length is less than 30 days, while
low budget independent films are
shot in less than 10 days
Post-Production
● Editing, film scoring, dubbing
● The film will be put together through
editing
● Also includes musical scoring and
adding special effects
● Mainstream films are edited in less
than 25 days
Film Formats
Narrative
● Fictional in nature, meaning the
characters and situations were made
up by the film’s scriptwriters.
● However, the characters and
situations are familiar to people
because they could happen in real
life.
Documentary
● The opposite of narrative which
presents non-fictional or factual
characters and situations in the film
usually made to present a specific
issue or societal concerns to its
viewers.
● Documentaries have stories, but it
presents the story through facts and
case studies/lives of people.
Animation
● Encompasses the frame-by-frame
shooting and projection of fictional
films using puppet, clay figures,
drawings or sketches, shadows and
non-computer-generated images or
characters.
● Animation is the oldest film format
since it originates from attempts to
make pictures or images move.
Cel Animation
● A traditional form of animation where
each frame is painstakingly hand
drawn.
Stop Motion
● Illusion of movement is done through
taking pictures of an object with
each slight movement as one frame.
Experimental Films
● Experimental filmmakers have a
specific philosophy in mind in
conceptualizing the film.
 ● They can also discuss taboo topics
too controversial for narrative films.
● This is a format favored especially
by filmmakers who want to question
or challenge authority figures or
leadership establishments.
● Examples:
○ Himala: An award-winning
movie by national artist
Ishmael Bernal. Won the
2008 CNN Asia Pacific
Screen Awards for the Best
Asia Pacific Film of all time.
○ Anino: A short film made by
Raymond Red. It is the first
and only film from the
Philippines to win the
Cannes Film Festival Palme
D’Or
Camera Movement
Panning
● A camera moves from side-to-side
from a stationary position.
Tilt
● Movement up or down from a
stationary position.
Tracking
● The camera moves to follow a
moving object or person.
Dolly
● Generally slowly towards the camera
or away from the character; may
draw attention to emotion.
Zoom
● Zoom in or out
Camera Angles
Low Angle Camera
● Generally shoots up at the subject.
● Used to increase size, power, status
of subject.
High Angle Camera
● Shoots down at the subject.
● Used to increase vulnerability,
powerlessness, and decrease size.
Other camera angles
● Bird’s Eye View
● Worm’s Eye View
● Over the Shoulder
● Close Up Shot
● Medium Shot
● Long Shot
Issues on Film
Media as a form of cultural imperialism
● Filipinos embraced American culture
because they shared their culture
with us through TV and radio shows,
educational system, popular culture
and Hollywood movies
Hollywood as the Dream Factory
● Predominant Western themes even
in locally produced media.
● Metro Manila Film Festival was an
attempt to circumvent Hollywood
dominance, but now it has turned
into a for-profit cash-grab without
cultural value.
Synergy
● Maximizing economic opportunities
within the conglomerate (one
product, multiple media saturation).