NAME : NOLUBABALO

SURNAME : NKOSAYIDLI

STUDENT NUMBER : 202108442

COURSE CODE : BCH211

EXPERIMENT :2

TITTLE : TITRATION OF STRONG ACID AND STRONG

BASE

GROUP : 5A
 TITTLE: Titration of a strong acid (hydrochloride) with a strong base (potassium
hydroxide).

INTRODUCTION:

Titration is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis to

determine the concentration of an identified analyte. (Skoog.1963). The titrant which
is potassium hydroxide was added from a burette to known quantity of the analyte
until the reaction is complete. According to Arrhenius theory, the acids are defined as
a substance that dissociate in aqueous solution to give hydrogen ions while bases
are defined as substances that dissociate in aqueous solution to give hydroxide ions.
(Bohinski.1998).As both acid and base are strong, there is high values of ka and kb,
they will both fully dissociate, which means all the molecules of acid or base will
completely separate into ions. The pKa is the value at which a chemical species will
accept or donate a proton. Any aqueous acid with a pKa value of less than 0 is
almost completely deprotonated and is considered a strong acid. The lower the pKa,
the stronger the acid and the greater the ability to donate a proton in aqueous
solution. (Whitten.1992).

At the equivalence point, equal amounts of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions to
form water( H 2O), resulting in a pH of 7 which is neutral pH. In addition, the anion
(negative ion) created from dissociation of the acid combines with the cation (positive
ion) from the dissociation of the base, potassium hydroxide to create a salt.
Therefore, the reaction between a strong acid, hydrogen chloride and strong base
potassium hydroxide will result in water and a salt. (Chang.2003).

HCl+ KOH → KCl+ H 2 O

When a strong acid is neutralized by a strong base there are no excess hydrogen
ions left in the solution. The solution is said to be neutral as it is neither acidic nor
alkaline. The pH of a solution has value of 7, the exact pH value depends on the
temperature of the solution. When an acid is neutralized the amount of base added
to it must be equal the amount of acid present initially. This amount is said to be the
equivalent amount. (Steven.2009).
AIM: To determine the equivalence point of titration of strong acid (hydrochloric
acid)with a strong base (potassium hydroxide).

METHOD AND MATERIALS

A measuring cylinder was used to measure 50ml of potassium hydroxide (KOH)

which is a strong base. The pH meter was calibrated so that it gives the precise
values when we read it, using the buffer solutions with pH of 4,7, 7and 10. The
burette was filled with a strong base potassium hydroxide (KOH) up to the zero
mark. Twenty millilitre of strong acid which is hydrochloric acid (HCl) was pipetted
into a 100ml beaker. The strong acid was then titrated with potassium hydroxide
(KOH), and the pH after the addition 1ml of aliquots of potassium hydroxide was
measured. Towards the end point, the increments of a strong base added to give a
reasonable change in pH was reduced. The results were observed, and a titration
curve was drawn.
RESULTS:

Initial pH was 1,47

Table 1: Total volume of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in ml and pH of a solution.

Total volume of KOH (ml) pH

1 1,67
2 1,75
3 1,76
4 1,79
7 1,89
10 2,03
11 2,13
12 2,20
15 2,52
16 2,76
17 3,22
18 11,13
19 11,51
20 11,70
23 11,93
26 12,13
29 12,15
30 12,17
33 12,23
36 12,44
39 12,45
40 12,46
 Total volume of potassium hydroxide(ml) and pH
of solution
14
12
end point(40;12,46)
10
8
(18;7) equivalence point
pH

6
4
2 Initial point(0;1,47)
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Total volume of potassium hydroxide(ml)

FIGURE 1: Titration curve of a strong acid (Hydrochloric acid) and strong base
(potassium hydroxide).
DISCUSSION:

In this experiment the initial pH measured was highly low at 1,47. This shows that
the acid used was a strong acid which is hydrochloric acid. On table 1 the volume of
potassium hydroxide (KOH) increases as the pH increases. The pH increases slowly
at first and become more when the potassium hydroxide solution is being added, this
shows that the potassium hydroxide is a strong base which dissociate completely in
aqueous solution. As we add strong base, potassium hydroxide to a strong acid,
hydrochloric acid the pH increases slowly until we near the equivalence point, where
the pH increases dramatically with a small increase in the volume of potassium
hydroxide added. This is due to the logarithmic nature of the pH system ¿ At the
equivalence point, the pH is 7,0 as expected. Passing the equivalence point by
adding more potassium hydroxide initially increases the pH dramatically and
eventually slopes off. (Kotz, et al.2007).

In figure 1, initially when only strong acid which is a hydrochloric acid is present in
the solution, pH of the solution was highly low at the pH of 1,47, the added amount of
potassium hydroxide slowly increases the pH of the solution. When nearing to the
equivalence point where all of the hydrogen are neutralized, the pH increases
sharply and then levels out again as the solution become more basic as more
hydroxide ions are added. At the equivalence point the moles of hydrochloric acid
and potassium hydroxide are equal, the solution only contains salt and water, and
the pH of the solution is 7 which means it is neutral. So, when the equivalence point
is reached, there is sudden increase in the pH of the solution. After the equivalence
point, pH of the solution starts increasing slowly as the amount of potassium
hydroxide added is increased.
REFERENCES:

Bohinski,R.C.(1998).Modern concepts in Biochemistry.9 th ed.Oxford University.

Chang,R.(2003). General Chemistry.3 rd ed.McGraw Hill:New York.

Kotz,et al.(2009). Chemistry and chemical reactivity.7 th ed.

Belmont,California:Thomson Brook/cole.

Whitten,K.W.(1992).General Chemistry.4th ed.saunders College publishing.660pp.

Skoog,D.A.(Fundamentals of analytical chemistry.New York.pp.341-351.

Steven,S.(2009).Chemical Principles.6th ed.New York:Houghton Mifflin.pp.319-324.