HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS
which changed the course of Science and Rongorongo Script
Technology
ANCIENT TIMES
 Rise of ancient civilizations
 Start of the advancement of transportation,
navigation, communication, weapons and armors,
conservation of life, engineering, and architecture.
1. Transportation
 To go places and discover new horizons.
 Search for food and find better locations for
their settlements.
 Trade their surplus goods in exchange for things
they lacked.
2. Navigation
 Assisted in journeys to unfamiliar and strange
areas in the world.
3. Communication
 Facilitate trade and prevent possible conflicts.
 The older methods of communication were
cave paintings, smoke signals, symbols, carrier
pigeons, and telegraph.
Record-keeping
 They realized that good comunication is the
success of the civilizations
 They need to remember the places they had
been to and document the trades they made
with each other.
 Keep records of their history and culture.
-Bible
Ancient Egyptians papyrus (made of pith of the
Cyperus papyrus.)
 To keep records:
-History
-culture, and
-also for communication
Voynich Manuscript
 It was discovered by Wilfried Voynich, a Polish
book seller, who came across the document at
Jesuit College in Italy, 1912. It was carbon dated
to 1420.
 A system of glyphs a form of writing or proto-
writing discovered on Easter Island in the Pacific
during the 19th century
4. Weapons and Armors
 Establishment of new alliances with other
tribes.
 For security and protection.
5. Conservation of Life
 Different illnesses and diseases occurred.
 S&T played a major role in the discovery of
cures or if not prevention to it.
6. Engineering
 Allowed to build structures that would address
their specific needs and wants.
7. Architecture
 Signs of technological advancement of a
particular civilization.
MIDIEVAL / MIDDLE AGES
1. Printing Press
 a more reliable way of printing using a cast type
 invented by Johann Gutenberg who utilized
wooden machines that extracted juices from
fruits, attached to them a metal impression of
the letters, and pressed firmly the cast metal
into a piece of paper, which then made an exact
impression on paper
2. Microscope
 first developed by Zacharias Janssen
 enable people to observe organisms that were
normally unseen by the naked eye
3. Telescope
 an optical instrument that helps in the
observation of remote objects
4. War aweapons
 developed because of the widespread of wars
during the Middle Ages
5. Hour Glass (9th Century AD)
  One of the few reliable methods of measuring
time at sea.
 15th century onwards - They were the first
dependable, reusable and reasonably accurate
measure of time.
 Widely used in the voyage of Ferdinand
Magellan around the world.
6. Liquor (12th Century AD)
 The first evidence of true distillation comes
from Babylonia.
 Specially shaped clay pots were used to extract
small amounts of distilled alcohol through
natural cooling for use in perfumes.
 “Mongolian still” - The first method that
involves freezing the alcoholic beverage and
removing water crystals.
 “Alembic still” - Geber (Jabir Ibn Hayyan, 721–
815) - Observed that heated wine from this still
released a flammable vapor crystals.
7. Eyeglasses (13th Century)
 1268 - Roger Bacon
 The earliest glasses had convex lenses to aid
farsightedness. A concave lens for myopia, or
nearsightedness,
 The magnifying lenses were set into bone,
metal or leather frames, and connected
together to form an inverted “V” shape that
could be balanced on the nose.
8. The Mechanical Clock (13th Century AD)
 These early devices struck only the hours and
did not have hands or a dial.
 The first mechanical clocks to which clear
references exist were large, weight-driven
machines fitted into towers and known today as
turret clocks.
9. Spinning Wheel (13th Century AD)
 Replaced the earlier method of hand spinning.
 Individual fibres were drawn out of a mass of
wool held on a stick, or distaff, twisted together
to form a continuous strand, and wound on a
second stick, or spindle.
10. Quarantine (14th Century AD)
 The growth of maritime trade and the
recognition that plague was introduced by ships
returning.
 It was decreed/dictated that ships were to be
isolated for a limited period to allow for the
manifestation of the disease and to dissipate
the infection brought by persons and goods.
11. The Printing Press of Gutenberg (15th Century AD)
 Although movable type, as well as paper, first
appeared in China, it was in Europe that printing
first became mechanized.
 In its essentials, the wooden press reigned
supreme for more than 300 years, with a hardly
varying rate of 250 sheets per hour printed on
one side.
MODERN TIMES
 Production of more goods in a faster rate.
 Efficient means of transportation.
 Machines that require agricultural means to
operate must be upgraded.
 Faster and easier means of communication.
1. Pasteurization
 the process of heating dairy products to kill the
harmful bacteria that allow them to spoil faster
 developed by Louis Pasteur
2. Petroleum Refinery
 Developed by Samuel M. Kier
 Resulted in the invention of kerosene
3. Telephone
 Developed by Alexander Graham Bell
4. Calculator
 Paved the way for easier arithmetic calculations
and resulted in the development of more
complex processing machines like the
computer.