Q AND A

What are the challenges of curriculum change?

Four key curriculum changes challenges that need immediate atten- tion are: 
the changing role of knowledge
- Knowledge may be dynamic and changing, but at some point each person does
settle, if only for a brief time, on what they think knowledge to be, even if over
time that knowledge changes, develops or becomes more deeply understood.

developing conceptual understanding

- When developing conceptual understanding, it's imperative to give students freedom of
choice in how they might potentially respond. Narrowing to one representation too often
causes students to try to find the one correct path towards a solution, rather than
thinking expansively and for themselves

use of effective 21st century pedagogy

- 21st century pedagogy aims to develop the skills and knowledge students need to
succeed in work, life and citizenship. 21st century skills can be applied in all subject
areas, and in all educational, career, and civic settings throughout a student's life

and improved assessment practice.

- A system of well-constructed formative and summative assessments allows students to
demonstrate their abilities and knowledge and then reflects how close they are to
meeting educational goals and standards. Evidence from assessments can be directly
beneficial to students

Combined, these four aspects can greatly support C21st learners.

What is the importance of curriculum change?

That is, an important feature of the curriculum is that it is subject to change. Curriculum
change is a learning process for teachers and their schools. A good understanding of
change and a clear conception of the curriculum are necessary conditions for improved
implementation of the new curriculum into practice

What strategies can be used in curriculum change?

Two basic strategies:
the empirical rational- assume that providing knowledge is the most powerful
requirement for change (Sullivan, 2012). This strategy assumes that people are
rational and will act in their own self-interest when they understand that change
will benefit them.
Ex. This is if the manager explains the benefits of change, ang mga myembro ay
may positibong magre-react sa pagbabago kung ang mga benepisyo nito ay
nauunawaan nang wasto and it is likely to be a success.
 the power coercive, a formal power source, where influencing agents use the
threat of force to gain compliance from targets of influence. The force can include
social, emotional, physical, political, or economic means, and is not always
recognized by the target.
Examples of coercive power include threats of write-ups, demotions, pay cuts, layoffs, and
terminations if employees don't follow orders. In order to be effective, the manager must be able
to follow through on the threat.

Do you think curriculum change is inevitable?

- Curriculum change is inevitable, necessary, and desirable.
Schools and school systems grow and develop ayon sa kanilang kakayahang
tumugon sa pagbabago and adapt to changing conditions. And Society and its
institutions continuously encounter problems to which they must respond.

Why is there a need for curriculum change?

This can happen for several reasons. A curriculum may be outdated, or it is time for it to
be looked at more closely in a scheduled review process. It may not be as effective as
shown by declining student success. Or, teachers may be dissatisfied with content or
want to incorporate technology.

Why do we need to innovate the curriculum?

Clearly, curriculum innovation is central to the goal of ensuring the knowledge that is
gained by learners is useful and powerful during instruction. Thus, the broadened roles
of knowledge have implications for the work that teachers have to do in innovating and
enacting the curriculum.

Why curriculum changes made earlier can exist concurrently with newer
curriculum changes?
A revision in curriculum starts and ends slowly. More often, curriculum is gradually
phase in and phased out, kaya ang mga pagbabagong nagaganap ay maaaring
magkasabay at madalas na magkakapatong for long period of times.

How does curriculum affect the learning process of a student?

As a sequence of learning opportunities, curriculum has several aspects. It exists as
plans and intentions—the sequence of learning opportunities that one wishes students
to experience. It exists as patterns of classroom activities that are meant to implement
those plans and provide the desired learning opportunities.
Why curriculum change depends on people who will implement the change?
- Curriculum change depends on people who will implement the change. Teachers
who will implement the curriculum should be involved in its development, hence
should know how to design the curriculum. Because the teachers are the
implementers of the curriculum, it is best that they should design the changes.

Is it necessary for teachers to learn about the curriculum Why?

- Basically, it is fundamental for teachers to learn about school curriculum for them
to be able to help students learn easily and connect with sources of information
and knowledge that allows them to explore ideas. A school curriculum will always
help the teacher to adjust in the environment better.

What makes the curriculum effective?

- Key indicators of curriculum success include the quality of the learning achieved
by students, and how effectively students use that learning for their personal,
social, physical, cognitive, moral, psychological and emotional development.

What is value orientation in curriculum change?

- Teachers make curriculum decisions based in part on a set of educational beliefs
or value orientations (Eisner & Valiance, 1974; McNeil, 1990). Value
orientations integrate teachers' explicit and tacit beliefs about students and
context with their knowledge of the physical education subject matter.

How a curriculum map helps in the achievement of a learning goal?

- A curriculum map identifies where in the curriculum learning outcomes are
addressed—what is taught, where and how. Or, conversely, the mapping
process may help you determine whether your curriculum and learning outcomes
are aligned, and may reveal gaps in your curriculum.

How changes in society affects the curriculum?

- Society's values and norms determine the standard of behaviour in a given
society and thus influence how effective a curriculum will be.By upholding good
morals, this inevitably promotes good values and norms not only in the school
but the community as a whole.

How does curriculum content reflect changes in society?

- Curriculum content is of social relevance when it is flexible that is; it can easily
change with the changing society. This is so because the world is changing every
day therefore, curriculum content should as well change from time to time so as
to respond to the needs of a changing society.
How does curriculum change affect teaching and learning?
- According to the research findings, inadequate resources, skills and knowledge
and lack of pre-planning on new curriculum development adversely affect the
teaching and learning of science in schools.