2020 CBLM 5 Laudry Linen Guest Clothes

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Sector:
TOURISM
Qualification:
HOUSEKEEPING NC II
Unit of Competency:
LAUNDER LINEN AND GUEST CLOTHES
Module Title:
LAUNDERING LINEN AND GUEST CLOTHES
TECHNICAL EDUCATION SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

Region 02
LASAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
HOW TO
USE THIS
COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MODULE
Welcome to the Module in Laundering Linen and Guest

Clothes. This module contains training materials and
activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency “Launder Linen and Guest Clothes” contains
knowledge skills and attitudes required for Housekeeping NC II. It is one of the
specialized modules at National Certificate level II.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to
complete each outcome of the module. In each learning outcome are Information
Sheets, Job Sheets. Follow these activities on your own and answer the self-check,
perform the procedural checklist at the end of each learning outcome. You may
remove a blank answer sheet at the end of each module (or get one from your
facilitator/trainer) to write your answer for each self-check. If you have questions,
don’t hesitate to ask your facilitator for assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
Date revised: Document No.
TESDA 02 July 24, 2015
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You may already have some of the most of the knowledge and skills covered
in this learner’s guide because you have:
 been working for some time
 Already completed training in this area
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are already competent in a
particular skill or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally recognized so
you don’t have to do the same training again. If you have a qualification or
Certificate of Competency from previous training, show it to your trainer. If the
skill you acquired is still current and relevant to the unit/s of competency they
may become part of the evidence you may present to RPL. If you are not sure
about the currency of your skills, discuss with your trainer.
At the end of this module is a Learner’s Diary. Use this diary to record
important date, jobs undertaken and other workplace events that will assist you in
providing further details to your trainer or assessor. A Record of Achievement is
also provided for your trainer to complete once you complete the module.
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required competency, in
Launder Linen and Guest Clothes. This will be the source of information for you to
acquire knowledge and skill into this particular trade independently and at your
own pace, with minimum supervision or help from your instructor.
 Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the
Training of this unit. Read through the module carefully. It is divided
into sections, which cover all the skills and knowledge you need to
successfully complete this module.
 Work through all the information and complete the activities in each
section. Read information sheets and job sheets and complete the self-
check and perform the procedural checklist. Suggested references are
included to supplement the materials in this module.
 Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager.
He/she is there to support you and show you the correct way to do
things.
 Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to
consider when you are completing activities and it is important that
you listen and take notes.
 You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and practice
on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during regular
work shifts. This way you will improve both your speed and memory
and also your confidence.
 Talk to more experience workmates and ask for their guidance.

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 Use the self-check questions at the end of each section to test your
own progress.
 When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you perform the
activities outline in this module.
 As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on your
progress. Your trainer keeps feedback/pre assessment reports for this
reason. When you have successfully completed each element, ask
your trainer to mark on the reports that you are ready for assessment.
 When you have completed this module (or several modules), and feel
confident that you have had sufficient practice, your trainer will
arrange an appointment with registered assessor to assess you. The
result of your assessment will be recorded in your Competency
Achievement Record.

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LIST OF CORE COMPETENCIES
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code
Provide Housekeeping Services Providing Housekeeping

1. TRS5123111
to Guest Services to Guests
Clean and Prepare Rooms for Cleaning and Preparing

2 TRS5123112
Guest Rooms for Guests
Providing Valet/Butler
3 Provide Valet/Butler Service TRS5123113
Service
Laundry Linen & Guest Laundering Linen &

4 TRS5123114
Clothes Guest Clothes
Cleaning Public Areas,

Clean Public Areas, Facilities
5 Facilities and TRS5123115
and Equipment
Equipment
6 Deal With/ Handle Intoxicated Dealing With/ Handling

TRS5123122
Guests Intoxicated Guests

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MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Launder Linen and Guest Clothes
MODULE TITLE : Laundering Linen and Guest Clothes
MODULE DESCRIPTOR: This module covers basic knowledge, skills and

attitudes required to work in an “on-premise” laundry
section in a commercial accommodation establishment
applied to guest laundry, and in-house linen and
uniforms.
NOMINAL DURATION : _____ hours

QUALIFICATION LEVEL : NC II
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of this module, the trainee/ student must be able to:
LO 1. Collect laundry for laundering functions

LO 2. Perform laundering functions
LO 3. Process laundered item
LO 4. Return laundered item

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ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
1. Identify the role of an on-premise laundry in accordance with the enterprise

policy
2. Pick-up the guest clothes and in-house items in accordance with enterprise
policy.
3. Sort and count items correctly according to cleaning process requirement
and urgency of the item.
4. Items for laundering are check for stains and are treated using the correct
process
5. Select laundry methods in accordance with textile labeling codes and based on
fiber and fabric, dye fastness, degree of spoilage and washing instructions
6. Operate laundry equipment in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions
7. Record any damage arising from the laundering process and appropriate
person(s) is/are notify in accordance with enterprise procedures
8. Use cleaning agents and chemicals in accordance with manufacturer’s
instructions and specific laundry equipment
9. Check items after the laundering process to ensure quality cleaning
10.Correctly complete the pressing and finishing processes are in accordance
with textile characteristics and client requirements
11.Perform post cleaning laundry activity in accordance with enterprise policy
12.Check the results of cleaning for appropriate additional action.
13.Process internal record and billing instructions in accordance with enterprise
procedures
14.Produce internal laundry reports
15.Deliver guest clothes and In-house items in accordance with enterprise policy

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LEARNING OUTCOME # 1 COLLECT LAUNDRY FOR LAUNDERING
FUNCTIONS
CONTENTS:
 Receive soiled linen
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
 Identify the role of an on-premise laundry in accordance with the enterprise
policy
 Pick-up the guest clothes and in-house items in accordance with enterprise
policy.
CONDITION:
Student/ trainee must be provided with the following:
1. WORKPLACE LOCATION
2. EQUIPMENTS
 washing machine
 drying machine
 dry-cleaning machine
 flat iron
 steam pressers
 ironing board
 sorting shelves

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3. TOOLS
 fiber/ fabric samples
 different linens and laundry items
 labeller
 hangers
 laundry baskets
 wash basin
 bucket
 water hose
4. MATERIALS/SUPPLIES
 Operating manuals
brochures
 pen and paper
 bleaching agent
 stain removing agent
 fabric softeners
 sanitizing agent
 All purpose cleaning
agent
 detergents (liquid,
powder)
 report forms
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
 Observation
 Interview
 Written examination
 Demonstration of practical skills

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LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome 1: COLLECT LAUNDRY FOR LAUNDERING FUNCTIONS

Learning Activities Special Instructions
If you have some problem on the
 Read information sheets 5.1-1
content of the information sheet, don’t
Kinds of Laundry Equipment
hesitate to approach your trainer.
If you feel that you are now
knowledgeable on the content of the
information sheet, you can now answer
self check provided in the module.
Compare answer with the answer key
 Answer self check 5.1-1
 Read the information sheet 5.1-2
Laundry Supplies/Chemicals
Classification and usage of stain
removing agents If you feel that you are now
 Answer oral questioning 5.1-3
Read the information sheet. After
reading the learner is encourage to
Types of Fabric Softeners
answer oral questioning 5.1-4
Compare your answer to the answer

key
 Read the information sheets 5.1-5

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Types of fibers and fabrics hesitate to approach your trainer.
 Answer Oral questioning 5.1-5
Reading textile label codes
 Answer Self Check 5.1-6
Procedure in sorting laundry
Evaluate your own work using the

 Perform Job sheet 5.1-7
performance criteria
Keep a copy of your work for the next

activities
Laundering method (Washing
Machine)
 Answer Self check 5.1-8

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activities

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Information Sheet 5.1-1
Receive soiled linen
Learning Objectives: After reading this INFORMATION SHEET the trainees

should be able to:
1. Know the process or procedure on how to receive soiled linens from the
guest.
One of the most important functions of a successful hospitality operation is

the provision of an excellent laundry service. Clean, well-maintained linen is a vital
component for hotels and restaurants of all sizes and standards. The laundry
provider must understand the pressures of a Hotel operator. If there is no linen to
service guest rooms and restaurants, then the hotel will ultimately lose business
and revenue due to poor service delivered to the guest simply because rooms will
not be ready on arrival.
Many hotels will present towels to their guests that are stained or appear to look grey
or yellow. Towels may feel hard to the touch instead of appearing bright white, and soft. In
most cases this is because of poor laundering techniques. This may impact on the guest's
perception of the hotel and will ultimately impact on hotel revenue.
The relationship between the laundry operator and the hotel must be motivated by
mutual benefit for the long term. In some cases, the linen is owned by the hotel and
laundered externally and in others by the laundry operator who leases and launders the linen
to the hotel. Some hotels also choose to have their own on-site laundry. Regardless of which
process is used, capital expenditure is enormous so all linens must be cared for at all stages
of use. It is the responsibility of the laundry operator to wash and rejuvenate all linens while
prolonging their life. The linen stock level should be maintained to agreed par levels and
should be clean and in good repair at all times to ensure an efficient operation.
Some laundries will also have a dry cleaning facility to process guest clothes and
staff uniforms and other hotel items. In most cases however, the laundry operation and the
dry cleaning operation will be totally separate.
There are many tasks involved in the daily operation of the laundry. These include:
 Collection of soiled linen from source
 Receiving and sorting soiled linen
 Washing linens
 Drying linens
 Finishing linens (Ironing and folding)
 Inspection of clean linens
 Rewash of linens

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
 Repairs and condemning of linens
 Counting and packaging of clean linens
 Invoicing and relevant record keeping
 Storage and transportation back to customer or user
 Efficient cost control in all steps of production.
To complete all the tasks required in the laundry, there will be many staff employed. Staff may be
employed as laundry attendants or may have different titles depending on their individual roles
These titles include:
 Sorter
 Washman
 Tumbler dryer operator
 Feeder
 Ironer operator
 Towel Folder
 General wash hand
 Despatch clerk
 Truck driver.
With the exception of the truck driver, all laundry staff should be cross trained in all aspects of the
laundry operation and be able to handle all tasks. This ensures flexibility when staff are sick or on
holidays. Due to the repetition and sometimes monotonous tasks, it is recommended to rotate staff
at regular intervals.
Workflow
 An efficient laundry plant must be planned well. Location and size of sorting areas, washing
machines, tumbler dryers and presses and folders should be planned so there is a smooth work
flow at all times
 If washed laundry has to be transported a long distance across the laundry floor to the tumbler
dryers this will waste time and be less productive
 Consideration should be given to storage and transport of both soiled and clean linen and there
should always be space on the floor to accommodate all the necessary trolleys without creating
a hazard
 Deliveries of soiled linen to the washroom should be staggered so that there is a constant
supply to the washroom. If all soiled linen arrives at once, then there will be too much work for
the sorters to do and the washmen and other staff may be standing idle
 This may necessitate these staff working longer to service the workload
 Staff rosters need to be also considered to service delivery schedules
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 There should always be work for all sections of the laundry so that staff do not waste time.

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
Receiving linen by client

When soiled linen arrives at the laundry for processing, it will be identified in different ways:
 By client – which hotel or restaurant the linen has been used by. This is important for
accounting proposes
 By urgency – there may be times when linen needs to be processed quickly due to unexpected
business demands or shortages of certain stock items.
By client
Hotel linens are identified in different ways:
 By heat stamping machines. Each piece of linen is marked with the name of the property and
the date when the linen was placed into circulation e.g. "Regent 02/12". This identifies that the
linen belongs to the Regent Hotel and was placed into circulation on February 2012. It is
important to identify all linen so that, should errors occur in deliveries, they can be easily
rectified .When condemning linen due to wear, it is important to review how long the linen has
lasted. This method is usually used when the hotel owns the linen
 If the laundry has many clients to which it leases linen, all linen pieces for each client may be
identified by a number which simply represents that client e.g. Royal Hotel is client number 95
and Raffles Hotel is client number 57, then all the linen pieces assigned to each of these hotels
will be marked with that number using a heat stamp machine
 Table linen from upmarket restaurants and hotels may have the hotel logo woven into the cloth
during manufacturing. This makes it easy to identify by all parties
 Many five star hotels have towels and
bathrobes for example with the logo woven
in or embroidered upon. This also makes
identification easy. (See photo of
bathrobe with logo)
 Some linen also needs to be identified by
size. This is helpful for room attendants when
servicing rooms to differentiate between a
Queen size sheet and a King size sheet for
example. This is usually done through sewing
a line of coloured thread through one end of
the sheet e.g. green for queen and red for
king etc.
 Plain white tablecloths may also be stamped with the size e.g. 150 x 150. This is usually heat
stamped on one corner of the tablecloth on the inside hem
 On coloured linen this printing will be on a label which will be heat sealed to the garment for
easy visibility.

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
By urgency
If there is a shortage of certain stock items due to heavier than normal demand, e.g. napkins, it is
important that the laundry operator recognises this fact and expedites a quick turnaround of these
items. In other words these items should be given priority in the washing process. If there are
constant requests for urgent processing in the laundry, then consideration should be given to
increasing the par levels or conducting a stocktake of linens so that shortages can be identified and
replenished.
What is a par level?
A one par level is the amount of linen needed to dress all rooms and bathrooms ready for letting or
to cover all tables in a restaurant with tablecloths and napkins ready for service.
Most hotels and restaurants operate on an average of 3 – 5 par levels to allow for all laundry
operations. Par levels need to be maintained at all times otherwise service to the guest and client
will be compromised.
See below example
If a hotel has 100 rooms each with 1 x Queen size bed and uses 2 sheets and 4 pillowcases per
bed and stocks each bathroom with:
 2 x Bath towels
 2 x Hand Towels
 2 x Face Washers
 2 x Bathrobes
 1 x Bathmat.
Then one par level will equal:
Activity 1
Linen items One par level Five par level Unit cost Total cost
Queen sheets 200 1000
Pillow cases 400 2000
Bath towels 200 1000
Hand towels 200 1000
Face washers 200 1000
Bathrobes 200 1000

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Linen items One par level Five par level Unit cost Total cost
Bathmats 100 500
There are many factors which will determine par levels but damaged, stolen and lost linen needs to
be replaced regularly back into stock. If par levels are too low, linen will wear out more quickly as it
is in constant use and par levels will continue to diminish rapidly. The shortages will also impact on
laundry staff and the possible need to work longer hours to maintain productivity to the customer.
Perceived capital outlay savings may prove to be false.
Some factors affecting the number of par levels used may include:
 How often beds are changed (daily, weekly or every third night)
 If hotels provide turndown service (more towels will be used)
 The turnaround time of the laundry operation. (How long does it take to complete the whole
laundering process?)This will be affected by volume of soiled linen and business fluctuations
 How many days per week the laundry operates. If the laundry operates only five days per week ,
then par levels must reflect an extra two levels to service the needs of the client on weekends
 The amount of abused linen which cannot be recovered
 The operating hours of the restaurant (is it open 24 hours per day or just for dinner?)
 There will always be a higher loss factor with small items such as face washers and napkins as
these may be stolen, misused by staff and
guests or simply lost.
When planning par levels, also consider:
 1 set on the bed
 1 set on the shelf
 1 set being washed
 1 set going to laundry
 1 set coming back from laundry
 1 reserve set to allow for breakdowns and
emergencies.

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LEARNING OUTCOME # 2 PERFORM LAUNDERING FUNCTIONS
CONTENTS:
 Sort / count items for laundering
 Weigh items
CONDITION:
6. EQUIPMENTS
 washing machine
 drying machine
 flat iron
 steam pressers
 ironing board
 sorting shelves
7. TOOLS


ASSESSMENT METHOD:
 Observation
 Interview

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INFORMATION SHEET 5.2
PERFORM LAUNDERING FUNCTIONS
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Why sort linens?
When soiled linen arrives at the laundry for processing, it is important that the linen be sorted into
different categories before washing takes place. Different linen items are washed at different
temperatures, with different water levels and washroom chemicals depending on the level of soil
and fibre content. The sorting process expedites linen processing and items are kept separate for
easy identification. It is also quicker and easier to sort "dry" linens than damp, washed and
sometimes twisted linen.
Soiled linen should ALWAYS be kept separate from clean linen to reduce the risk of potential cross-
contamination.

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The sorting room
 When linen arrives at the laundry for processing, it is usually
identified in order of receipt for processing
 Soiled linen may be collected and transported to the laundry
in either linen bags, trolleys or hampers or via a linen chute
 The bags and trolleys of linen are emptied in most cases
manually. The bags are emptied either on to a stainless steel
sorting table (in small operations) or directly on to a
conveyor belt. Sorting linen may be conducted by teams of
sorters or individuals. One sorter should be capable of sorting approximately 220-300 kgs of
linen per hour
 Where there are teams of sorters, each sorter is usually responsible to sort one type of linen
only and place in the respective sorting receptacles ready for the washing process
 Linen should NEVER be sorted on the floor. Certain floor types especially concrete may impart
permanent stains on to the linen. Staff may also stand on the linen causing damage. It also
places the staff member at risk due to excessive bending and lifting and the possibility of tripping
and falling over linen
 In laundries where space is limited, linen may be sorted at source (at the hotel or restaurant)
 Where linen arrives at the ON-SITE laundry via a chute, it should be directed onto a sorting
table and NEVER on to the floor. The base of the chute should be cleared regularly so that the
weight of the linen does not compact all linens and block the chute.
N.B. It is important that the base of the linen chute can be closed at night or in the case of
a fire in the laundry. If this is not done, the fire may spread by way of the chute which will
act as a chimney and carry smoke to other floors
 The sorting area should be regularly cleaned and disinfected and have good ventilation. Air
filters will also need regular vacuuming to remove lint
 Ventilation in the sorting room should always be operational and should include sufficient intake,
filtration, exchange rate and exhaust in line with local and government regulations. Air from the
sorting room should never be passed through to where clean linen is being processed as this
can transfer air borne bacteria and potentially contaminate clean linen.
How is linen sorted?

Linen is usually sorted as follows:
 Dry soiled linen is easier and quicker to sort than damp linen as linen that has been washed
may become twisted in the wash
 All linens must be sorted by fibre type. Sheets and tablecloths may be constructed of 100%
cotton, or a polyester/cotton blend or 100% linen fibre .Tablecloths may also be constructed of
100% polyester. Sorting by fibre type helps to expedite production by washing all same items
together

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 Linen must also be sorted by the degree of soiling. Kitchen cleaning cloths for example will be
much greasier than those used by Housekeeping staff to clean the rooms. As such they will
need to be washed separately with a much harsher wash formula
 Coloured linens are sorted separately from white linens
 It is necessary to open out linen to ensure there is no waste within it that may get into the
washing machine. Shaking however should be kept to a minimum so airborne bacteria will not
be dispersed into the atmosphere
 Linen used in hotels is often referred to as "flatwork” as most of it is finished on a flatwork ironer.
Items are sorted in to the following categories:
 Sheeting – When sorting through sheets and pillowcases, it is not uncommon to find soiled
tissues, or guest clothing (usually nightwear) removed in error by the room attendant when
stripping the bed. On occasions pillows may be inadvertently wrapped up in sheets and
children’s' soft toys may also be found. It is important that these items be removed from the linen
before washing, noted and returned to the client at the end of the day. In the case of nightwear
being found, this should be laundered separately as a courtesy before being returned
 Pillowcases – must be separated from sheets as they are washed separately. It is much easier
to separate them when dry. If they are washed with sheets, they will get twisted in the final
extraction and will be much more difficult to sort. This wastes time and slows down production
 Duvet covers – these need to be sorted from the sheets as again they are processed differently
 Towels will need to be sorted from sheets as they are washed on a different wash cycle
because of fibre type and degree of soiling. In a hotel environment towels are usually more
heavily soiled than sheeting. Items found mixed with towels may include soap and tissues and
these all need to be removed prior to washing
Whilst all sizes of towelling can be washed in the same wash cycle (bath towels, hand towels
etc.) white towels should always be washed separately from coloured towels
 Coloured towels – Sometimes if there is a spa, massage rooms or hairdresser within the hotel,
coloured towels are used. These may be heavily soaked in massage oils or hair dye and must
be washed separately. Coloured towels will
always fade over a period of time
 Bathrobes – These will need to have the belts
removed before washing otherwise they may get
tangled in the wash causing damage to the belt
loops on the robes. If there are pockets in the
bathrobes, these will also need to be
checked for guests' personal items or old
tissues etc. Bathrobe belts will be placed into a
mesh laundry bag before being placed in the
machine

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Table linen – must be sorted to remove food scraps, cigarette butts, cutlery and sometimes
even pieces of crockery!! Cutlery that circulates in a washing machine may cause extensive
damage to the mechanics of the machine and may necessitate the machine being out of service
for an extended period due to repairs. It may also cut and damage the linen being washed. This
will add pressure to the laundry operation. White table linen must be sorted from coloured table
linen to prevent dye runs
 Sometimes in hotels that have a high volume of functions and events, coloured paper napkins
may be used alongside white linen napkins to create a certain ambience. It is absolutely
essential that these be removed prior to washing. One red paper napkin overlooked can cause a
whole wash load of white linen to turn pink!!! This pink washload will then need to be rewashed
with stronger chemicals to remove the pink tint. This will add cost and time pressures to the
processing of linen. The necessary rewash of these items will require large amounts of bleach at
high temperatures. This wash formula may damage the linen
 When an excess of these items are found regularly in table linen, this must be reported to the
client or restaurant manager for their action and follow up in order to eliminate this practice
 Tea towel – Those from the kitchen should be washed separately than those from the guest
rooms and bar areas due to the grease content. It is recommended to have different colours for
different areas of a hotel a) for identification and b) to reduce cross contamination e.g. a greasy
tea towel used by kitchen staff will leave smears on polished glasses!
 Cleaning cloths and mops – All hospitality operations require cleaning and so will have a
supply of cleaning cloths and mops. These may require laundering daily. Kitchen cloths should
always be laundered separately from those of Housekeeping due to having higher levels of
grease and fat contained within. Where colour coded mops are used for Housekeeping and
Kitchen areas, these must also be washed separately.
The most common stains found on bed and bath linen are:
 Perspiration
 Hair oils
 Body lotions
 Cosmetics
 All body fluids.
Special note regarding body fluids
If bed and bath linen are found with large amounts of blood,
faeces, vomit or urine, this linen should ALWAYS be treated as
potentially infectious linen. This linen should always be kept
separate from other lightly soiled linen.
The room attendant or cleaner should wear rubber gloves when handling such linen. Solids should
be flushed from the linen wherever possible prior to sending to the laundry, this linen should then be
placed directly into a soluble bag which is a heavy duty polythene bag which is usually red in colour
and tied with its own soluble tie. These bags can be placed directly in to the washing machines and
are designed to dissolve in water. Where blood is present the water temperature should be low as
hot water will set the stain. This will then require additional special treatment before rewash. The red

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bags alert laundry staff of potentially infectious linen and reduce its handling. The bags are
designed to dissolve from the outside on contact with water in the first flush of the wash cycle.

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The most common stains found on table linen are:
 Red wine
 Coffee and tea
 Lipstick (on napkins)
 Food colourings and food residue
 Salad dressings and butter.
Special care Items
Class Activity
Item To launder? To dry clean? Notes
Duvets
Polyester pillows
Feather pillows
Mattress protectors
Bed valance
Bedspreads
Blankets
Net curtains
Drapes
Cushion covers
Banquet table skirtings
Staff Uniforms
Pool towels
Shower curtains
Rubber bathmats
Massage room towels

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Item To launder? To dry clean? Notes
Banquet chair covers

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Precautions for the sorter
When sorting linen, the sorter must take some precautions for his or her own well being. These are
as follows:
 Protective clothing – Whilst hotel linen is not as potentially infectious as hospital linen,
protective clothing should always be worn. This may include a hospital style gown which ties at
the back or a rubber or plastic apron, rubber gloves and even a face mask. The face mask is
worn to protect the sorter from "lint dust" which becomes airborne. Soiled towels will always
come into contact with all parts of the human body when used by the guest and as such may be
contaminated with potentially infectious body fluids
 If the sorter has any cuts or abrasions on his hands, these must be covered by a protective
waterproof dressing at all times to prevent the entry of bacteria to the wound reducing the risk of
infection
 Food and drink should NEVER be consumed when sorting linen
 Hands should be washed regularly with an antimicrobial soap, and definitely before scheduled
rest breaks and before eating
 Uniforms should be changed and laundered daily to prevent cross contamination to the wearer
 It is important when sorting linen to be aware of potential hazards in the linen (razors, syringes,
bloody tissues etc.) and know the procedure for correct disposal of these items if found.
Other considerations in the sorting room:
 Soiled linen should NEVER be allowed to come into contact
with clean linen. Trolleys or linen bags used for
transporting soiled linen should be washed or
sterilised before being used to transport clean linen. In some
laundries, trolleys used for clean linen may be a
different colour to those used for soiled linen. In other
laundries, trolleys may be marked quite clearly as
CLEAN LINEN ONLY
 It may not be practicable to have separate trolleys for both
clean and soiled linen due to space and cost. In this case, trolleys MUST be sanitised and dried
before being used for clean linen. Where there are fabric liners in trolleys, these must be
replaced daily. (Hospital laundries have a special steam room for this function)
 As linen is sorted, it is placed into trolleys or slings for transporting to the washing section of the
laundry
 Some very large laundries may have an automatic trolley lifting device that will lift the trolleys
and empty the linen on to the conveyor belts for sorting thereby reducing manual handling and
risk to the employee
 Soiled linen should always be stored in a separate area to clean linen
 Soiled linen should be washed as soon as is practicable when received at the laundry. If damp
soiled linen is not washed for several days, it will form mildew, start to smell and may need to be
discarded
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 If soiled kitchen rags with traces of food on them are not washed promptly they will start to smell
and may even promote the growth of maggots. They will most certainly attract flies and vermin
 If wet coloured linens are stored in the same bags as white linen, dye transfer may occur. (The
coloured linen may bleed its colour on to the white linen).

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1.3 Error: Reference source not found
Introduction
In order to produce clean well laundered linen it is essential that washing machines not be
overloaded. It is preferable that washing machine loads be weighed prior to processing.
Why weigh wash loads?

In a commercial laundry, there are many different styles, brands and load capacities of washing
machines (sometimes called washer extractors). In order to produce clean well laundered linen, it is
important not to “underload” or “overload” a machine. To overload a machine will result in a higher
percentage of linen requiring to be rewashed due to stains not being removed. Overloading may
also cause undue wear on machine bearings.
Underloading a machine may cause too much water and wash chemicals to be used causing
premature ageing to the linen and possible high maintenance to the machine. Underloading will also
add cost to the operation as more wash cycles will be needed to complete the work. Costs will
increase for the use of water, electricity, sewage, chemicals and labour.
Use of weighing scales
In small laundries, platform scales are used. The weight
of trolleys used is known and then trolley loads of items
are weighed as appropriate for the particular
washing machines e.g. if the washing machine has a
capacity of 80 kg and the soiled linen trolley weighs
20 kg, then the total amount of linen pieces placed into the
trolley to be weighed should total 100 kg approx. It is
always better to SLIGHTLY underload a machine if
necessary.
This linen is then placed manually in to the washing machine for processing.
When there are no scales
Not all laundries have weighing scales, In this case it is vital to know the approximate individual
weight of all items e.g. If a bath towel weighs 1 kg, then approx 80 bath towels may be washed in an
80 kg machine. With bath towels, it is important to remember that there will always be some
moisture content when soiled which adds to the weight. This moisture is equivalent to an additional
5-8% so an allowance should be made when loading the machines.

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Manual sorting into weigh slings
A sling is a fabric bag which is open at one end and has a drawstring closer at the bottom of the
bag. The sling hangs attached to a set of scales. When linen arrives at the laundry, it is sorted by
hand. Trolleys and bags are emptied on to a sorting table or conveyor belt. Sorters sort the linen
and place all same items of linen pieces directly into the slings which also weighs the linen. When
the weight capacity is reached, the sling is then placed on a monorail and directed automatically to
the next available washing machine e.g. one sling will be filled manually completely with pillowcases
from which all foreign objects have been removed by the sorters.
Photo Electronic sorting
With this system of sorting, items of linen are again
emptied on to a conveyor belt and several sorters
manually sort through the linen. As they sort, all items are
thrown into a series of numbered bins according to the linen
type e.g. bin number 3, may be for bath towels and bin
number 5 may be for pillowcases. (Insert photo). These bins
have an electronic sensor light which also counts and weighs
the linen. This is recorded via a computer. When the slings
below these bins are full, the light will flash alerting the
operator and the slings are then automatically directed to the
next available washing machine. As linen is sorted all foreign
objects are moved along the conveyor belt and collected in a bin at the end.
Continuous batch washer scales
Where the laundry has a continuous batch washer, there may also be an automatic platform scale.
The sorters place the linen directly into a stainless steel container which records the weight and
when full is automatically elevated to be placed directly into the hopper of the washing machine for
the next wash cycle.
w.w.w.laundryconsulting.com/scales-computer tracking

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LEARNING OUTCOME # 3 PROCESS LAUNDERED ITEM
CONTENTS:
 Operate washer
 Operate dryer
 Complete finishing process
 Sort linen for re-wash
 Sort linens for repair
CONDITION:
10. EQUIPMENTS
 washing machine
 drying machine
 flat iron
 steam pressers
 ironing board
 sorting shelves

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11. TOOLS


ASSESSMENT METHOD:
 Observation
 Interview

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LEARNING OUTCOME # 4 RETURN LAUNDERED ITEM
CONTENTS:
 Complete required internal records
 Complete required external records
 Count /package the linens
CONDITION:
14. EQUIPMENTS
 washing machine
 drying machine
 flat iron
 steam pressers
 ironing board
 sorting shelves
15. TOOLS


ASSESSMENT METHOD:
 Observation
 Interview

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Learning Outcome 1: IDENTIFY TYPES OF FABRIC AND LAUNDRY

EQUIPMENT
Laundry Supplies/Chemicals
Classification and usage of stain
removing agents If you feel that you are now
Read the information sheet. After
reading the learner is encourage to
Types of Fabric Softeners
answer oral questioning 5.1-4
Compare your answer to the answer

key

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 Read the information sheets 5.1-5
Types of fibers and fabrics
 Answer Oral questioning 5.1-5
Reading textile label codes
Procedure in sorting laundry


activities
Laundering method (Washing
Machine)

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 Answer Self check 5.1-8


activities

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Learning Objectives: After reading this INFORMATION SHEET the trainees

should be able to:
2. Identify laundry equipment and their usage
3. Identify the parts of the washing machine
Different Laundry Equipment

1. Washing Machine – is an electronic machine that can be used for washing and
drying clothes.
Parts:
1. Wash timer 7. Valve selector
2. Wash inlet 8. Spin timer
9.Door spin outer
4. Wash cover or Top Cover 10.Door spin inner
11. Overflow filter

5. Tub Or Drum
12. Spin basket
6. Strainer
13. Side Cover Tub
7. Pulsator
17. Drain hose
15. Leg 14. Power cord
16. Cover safety

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Parts and Function
1. Wash timer – timer for time to wash fabric

2. Wash inlet – use to fill water into the machine
3. Wash cover or Top Cover – use to cover the tub.
4. Tub Or Drum – It served as a washing tub.
5. strainer – where water will be drain after washing
6. Pulsator- – is a rotating part inside the tub. Responsible in making the
water spin.
7. valve selector- to select whether wash or drain
8. spin timer
9. Door spin outer – the outer cover of the spinner
10. Door spin inner – opening of the spinner
11. Overflow filter -
12. Spin basket – where you put the clothes to be spin.
13. Side Cover Tub – It is the main housing of the unit.
14. power cord – electrical cord of the machine
15. leg – use to support the machine
16. Cover safety – cover of the spinner so that clothes will not come out when
spinning
17. Drain hose– It served as a passage of water way out.
2. Dry Cleaning Machine- for dry cleaning clothes and fabrics
3. Washer extractor – design for washing and extracting clothes, linen and fabrics

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4. Flat Work Ironer- for ironing flat sheets, linen, pillow cases and other flat
linens
5. Types of ironing table- for easy ironing clothes, linen and fabrics
6. Flat iron and fabric sprayer

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8. Steam Presser – for pressing delicate fabrics like wool, silk, etc.
8. Laundry Cart – Used for the delivery of guest laundry

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Self Check 5.1-1
I. Identify the parts of the washing machine
II. Identify the following:

1. It is an electronic machine that can be used for washing and drying
clothes.
2. It use for the delivery of guest laundry
3. This machine is for pressing delicate fabrics like wool, silk, etc
4. This is for ironing flat sheets, linen, pillow cases and other flat linens
5. It is design for washing and extracting clothes, linen and fabrics

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Answer Key 5.1-1
1. wash timer
2. Wash inlet
3. wash cover
4. tub
5. strainer
6. Pulsator
7. valve selector
8. spin timer
9. Door spin outer
10. Door spin inner
11. Overflow filter
12. spin basket
13. Base
14. power cord
15. leg
16. Cover safety
17. drain hose
II. Identification
1. Washing machine
2. Laundry cart
3. Steam presser
4. Flat work ironer
5. Washer extractor

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LAUNDRY SUPPLIES/CHEMICALS
Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet the trainees should be
able to:
1. Identify cleaning chemicals and their uses.
LUANDRY SUPPLIES includes laundry compounds, detergents with bacterial

properties, a bleaching agent – either bleaches, a bleach-based agent, or hydrogen
peroxide, water softening chemicals, and fabric softener. Special disinfectants also
may be required for laundry and chute areas.
When it comes to fabric softeners, less is usually the best. This is particularly true
for towels. Guest comment cards indicate guests prefer some roughness on towels
because they dry better. Towels are also easier to rinse without excess softeners.
Water quality and the type of equipment often affect the selection o laundry
chemicals.
The chemical makeup of laundry agents may also help determine which product or
products to buy. For example,
1. Antichlor removes chlorine, at least excessive chlorine from fabrics. A

substance used in removing the remaining traces of free chlorine or
hypochlorite not removed from a paper pulp by washing. Typical antichlors
include sodium bisulfite (NaHSO 3 ) and sodium thiosulfite (Na 2 S 2 O The
antichlor is usually added to the pulp stock near the end of the bleaching
stage, and is allowed to react until no blue coloration is obtained with a
potassium-starch indicator. This removes the last traces of hypochlorous
acid, hypochlorite ion, and free chlorine. The reaction products are then
washed out. Antichlors are seldom used in multistage bleaching operations,
as they are considered to be wasteful of bleaching agents

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2. Alkali, an abrasive can pump up the detergent’s cleaning power and is
especially useful for removing grease or oil stains. However, since alkali is
harsh, it has to be neutralized by an acid.
3. Sours are mild acids that can neutralize the alkalinity of detergents and
bleach. This can reduce the yellowing and fading that can result from alkali
residue. Some sours boost this effect by integrating bluer or whiteners in the
product.
4. Detergents that contain optical brighteners, chemicals that retain the

original color, even after many washing.
5. Mildewcides maybe required preventing mildew buildup.

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6. Fabric Softener (also called fabric conditioner) is used to prevent static
cling and make fabric softer. It is available as a liquid or as dryer sheets.
Popular brand names include Downy (Lenor), Snuggle, Bounce, Comfort and
Sta-Soft.
7. Bleaches- A bleach is a chemical that removes colors or whitens, often via

oxidation. Common chemical bleaches include household chlorine bleach, a
solution of approximately 3–6% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), and oxygen
bleach, which contains hydrogen peroxide or a peroxide-releasing compound
such as sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, sodium persulfate,
tetrasodium pyrophosphate, or urea peroxide together with catalysts and
activators, e.g. tetraacetylethylenediamine and/or sodium
nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate. To bleach something is to apply bleach,
sometimes as a preliminary step in the process of dyeing. Bleaching powder
is calcium hypochlorite.
Many bleaches have strong bactericidal properties, and are used for
disinfecting and sterilizing. Most bleaches are hazardous if ingested or inhaled,
and should be used with care.

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Bleaches
 Hydrogen peroxide
 Powdered all-fabric bleaches (sodium perborate)(Biz, Borateem, Clorox 2;
Purex, Snowy)
 Liquid all-fabric bleaches (Snowy, Vivid)
 Liquid chlorine bleach (sodium hypochlorite)(Clorox, Hi-lex,Purex)
 Liquid chlorine bleaches have a limited shelf-life. If your bleach is more than
six months old and has no effect on stains, it may need to be replaced with
fresh bleach.
 To test for colorfastness to liquid chlorine bleaches, mix I tablespoon of
bleach with 1/4 cup of water. Use an eyedropper to put a drop of this
solution on a hidden seam or pocket edge inside the garment. Let it stand
two minutes, then blot dry. If there is no color change it is safe to use the
product. Powdered bleach packages have directions for doing colorfastness
tests.
Dry cleaning operations require the proper fluids or dry cleaning solvents. The
type of machine determines what chemicals will be needed.

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Self Check 5.1-2
1. Identify the following laundry supplies:
1. Chemical that removes colors and stains or whitens clothes.

2. It used to prevent static cling and make fabric softer.
3. Are mild acids that can neutralize the alkalinity of detergents and
bleach
4. Chemicals that retain the original color, even after many washing.
5. Removes chlorine, at least excessive chlorine from fabrics
II. Explain why safety is very necessary in using bleaches.

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Answers key 5.1-2
I.
1. Bleaches
2. Fabric softeners
3. Sours
4. Detergent with optical brighteners
5. Antichlor
II. Explain why safety is very necessary in using bleaches.
Because most bleaches are hazardous if ingested or inhaled, and should be

used with care.

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Classifications and Usage of Stain Removing Agents
Learning Objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET, you must be able
to;
1. Classify stain removing agents
2. Identify the proper use of stain removing agents.
3. Follow safety precaution in using stain removing agents
INTRODUCTION:
STAIN - this can be easily removed if they are still fresh. Sometimes using hot
water and soap only makes the stain permanent, thus making it harder to remove.
Stains are easily removed from the wrong side of the garments.
Remove stain as soon as possible. If the garment has been stained, do not use
stain chemical remover because it might damage the garment. Never squeeze the
part with stain. Sometimes, laundering, ironing and airing of the clothes affect
different kinds of stains and how to remove them will lessen experimentation in
using stain remover.
KINDS OF STAIN REMOVER
1. Absorbent (talcum powder, chalk, cornstarch) example oil stains
2. Solvent (water, gasoline, chloroform, fenzly, alcohol) ex. Paint stains

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3. Bleaches (chlorox) fruit stains
4. Carbon tetra chloride (liquid detergent that is not flammable) ex. Lipstick
stain
Follow These Safety Precautions
While many stain removal, chemicals and bleaches are commonly used around the
home, they are still dangerous. Some are flammable; others are toxic. Here are
some rules to keep in mind regarding their use:
 Store stains removal materials out of the reach of children. Do not store with
food products.
 Read all label directions and warnings. Store chemicals in their original
containers so label directions are available in case of an accident.
 Use all chemicals and commercial stain removal product according to label
recommendations.
 Avoid getting the chemicals on your skin. Some are easily absorbed.
 Use dry cleaning solvents and other chemicals in a well-ventilated room.
Toxic fumes can cause illness.
 Do not use solvents near an open flame or electrical outlet.
 Seal containers so that fumes can't escape.
 Never mix stains removal materials together (bleach and ammonia together
form toxic fumes).
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Self-check 5.1-3
Direction:
Answer the following questions:
1. What are the different kinds of stain remover?
2. Will you give some safety precautions in dealing with stain
remover?
3. will you give an example of bleaches that you know
4. Is water can remove stains? How?

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Answer Key 5.1-3
1. What are the different kinds of stain remover?

1. Absorbent (talcum powder, chalk, cornstarch)
2. Solvent (water, gasoline, chloroform, fenzly, alcohol)
3. Bleaches (chlorox)
4. Carbon tetra chloride (liquid detergent that is not flammable)
2. Will you give some safety precautions in dealing with stain remover?
 Store stains removal materials out of the reach of children. Do not store with
food products.
recommendations.
 Use dry cleaning solvents and other chemicals in a well-ventilated room.
 Never mix stains removal materials together (bleach and ammonia together
form toxic fumes).
3. Will you give an example of bleaches that you know?
- Chlorox
4. Is water can remove stains? How?

- Yes, by soaking the affected area of the fabrics

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Types of Fabric Softener
Learning objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET. You must be able
to;
1. Identify the types of fabric softener and their uses
INTRODUCTION:
The softening agents in softeners reduce or eliminate static cling. Fabric softener
can also allow clothes to feel much softer than and not quite as stiff as with
laundry soap alone. Using fabric softener also cuts down on drying time.
Most modern washing machines have a dispenser which can add liquid fabric
softener to the load of laundry automatically on the final rinse; in launderettes one
may need to add it manually. Some brands of washing powder have fabric
conditioning built-in which is claimed to save money when compared to buying
ordinary washing powder and fabric softener separately. Some fabric softeners are
also claimed to make ironing easier or to make clothes dry faster. For best results,
un-diluted liquid fabric softener should not be poured directly onto clothes.
Fabric softeners may also come in the form of dryer sheets, which are added to
clothing in the tumble dryer to soften the fabrics and prevent static. Many
alternative uses of dryer sheets have been suggested by users.[1]
Fabric softeners work by coating the surface of the cloth fibers with a thin layer of
chemicals; these chemicals have lubricant properties and are electrically
conductive, thus making the fibers feel smoother and preventing buildup of static
electricity. Other functions are improvements of iron glide during ironing,
increased resistance to stains, and reduction of wrinkling.

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Cationic softeners bind by electrostatic attraction to the negatively charged groups
on the surface of the fibers and neutralizing their charge; the long aliphatic chains
are then oriented towards the outside of the fiber, imparting lubricity. Vinegar
works on some materials in a similar way, as the hydrogen ions bind to the
anionic groups on the fibers.
The disadvantage of coating fibers by hydrophobic layer is in decreasing the water

absorption properties of the fabric, which may be an undesirable in towels and
diapers. Therefore the cationic softeners are often combined with other chemicals
with lower affinity to the fibers. The use of fabric softener is contraindicated in
some articles, such as microfibre textiles.
Most good quality all-cotton towels do not need to be treated with fabric softener
and with repeated washings and dryings, they become softer naturally. Over time,
towels that have softened with fabric softener are less absorbant.
10 Uses for Fabric Softener

1. End clinging dust on your TV
Are you frustrated to see dust fly back onto your television screen, or other plastic
surfaces, right after cleaning them? To eliminate the static cling that attracts dust,
simply dampen your dust cloth with fabric softener straight from the bottle and
dust as usual.
2. Remove old wallpaper
Removing old wallpaper is a snap with fabric softener. Just stir 1 capful liquid
softener into 1 quart (1 liter) water and sponge the solution onto the wallpaper. Let
it soak in for 20 minutes, then scrape the paper from the wall. If the wallpaper has
a water-resistant coating, score it with a wire-bristle brush before treating with the
fabric softener solution.
3. Abolish carpet shock
To eliminate static shock when you walk across your carpet, spray the carpet with
a fabric softener solution. Dilute 1 cup softener with 2 1/2 quarts (2.5 liters)
water; fill a spray bottle and lightly spritz the carpet. Take care not to saturate it
and damage the carpet backing. Spray in the evening and let the carpet dry
overnight before walking on it. The effect should last for several weeks.
4. Remove hair-spray residue

Dried-on overspray from hair spray can be tough to remove from walls and
vanities, but even a buildup of residue is no match for a solution of 1 part liquid
fabric softener to 2 parts water. Stir to blend, pour into a spray bottle, spritz the
surface, and polish it with a dry cloth.
5. Clean now, not later
Clean glass tables, shower doors, and other hard surfaces, and repel dust with
liquid fabric softener. Mix 1 part softener into 4 parts water and store in a squirt

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bottle, such as an empty dishwashing liquid bottle. Apply a little solution to a
clean cloth, wipe the surface, and then polish with a dry cloth.
6. Float away baked-on grime
Forget scrubbing. Instead, soak burned-on foods from casseroles with liquid fabric
softener. Fill the casserole with water; add a squirt of liquid fabric softener, and
soak for an hour, or until residue wipes easily away.
7. Keep paintbrushes pliable
After using a paintbrush, clean the bristles thoroughly and rinse them in a coffee
can full of water with a drop of liquid fabric softener mixed in. After rinsing, wipe
the bristles dry and store the brush as usual.
8. Untangle and condition hair
Liquid fabric softener diluted in water and applied after shampooing can untangle
and condition fine, flyaway hair, as well as curly, coarse hair. Experiment with the
amount of conditioner to match it to the texture of your hair, using a weaker
solution for fine hair and a stronger solution for coarse, curly hair. Comb through
your hair and rinse.
9. Remove hard-water stains
Hard-water stains on windows can be difficult to remove. To speed up the
process, dab full-strength liquid fabric softener onto the stains and let it soak for
10 minutes. Then wipe the softener and stain off the glass with a damp cloth and
rinse.
10. Make your own fabric softener sheets
Fabric softener sheets are convenient to use, but they're no bargain when
compared to the price of liquid softeners. You can make your own dryer sheets
and save money. Just moisten an old wash-cloth with 1 teaspoon liquid softener
and toss it into the dryer with your next load.
How to use Fabric softeners
1. Buy a plastic spray bottle and measure its capacity by filling it with water
and pouring it into a measuring cup.
2. Divide the number of ounces by four. If your spray bottle holds sixteen
ounces, measure out four ounces and pour into the spray bottle. With a magic
marker, draw a line where the water comes up on the spray bottle. This
becomes your fill line for the liquid fabric softener. Dump out the water.
3. Fill the spray bottle with the liquid fabric softener up to the fill line. Add
water and fill the spray bottle to the top. Shake thoroughly. The mixture is
one fourth liquid fabric softener to three fourths water.
4. Use a dedicated washcloth and squirt the washcloth with the liquid fabric
softener and water mixture. Spray the washcloth until it is damp. Toss the
washcloth into the dryer with the wet clothes and your laundry will come out
smelling fresh and feeling soft.

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Self-check 5.1-4
Direction:
The candidate should answer the following questions:
1. What is the use of fabric softener?
2. Will you give some uses of fabric softener?
3. What other benefits you know in using fabric softeners?

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Answer Key 5.1-4
1. What is the use of fabric softener?
It softens or eliminates static cling, improves iron glide during ironing,

increased resistance to stains, and reduction of wrinkling.
2. Will you give some uses of fabric softener?

1. End clinging dust on your TV
2. Remove old wallpaper
3. Abolish carpet shock
4. Remove hair-spray residue
5. Clean now, not later
6. Float away baked-on grime
7. Keep paintbrushes pliable
8. Untangle and condition hair
9. Remove hard-water stains
3. What other benefits you know in using fabric softeners?
- It lessen time in ironing

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Information Sheet 5.1- 5
Types of Fibers and Fabrics
Learning objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able
to;
1. Identify types of fibers and fabrics.
TYPES OF FIBERS AND FABRICS
Antique Satin - a satin with horizontal (weft) slubs which imitates spun shantung
silk. It is 60% rayon (the face yarn fiber) and the 40% of acetate (the back yarn
fiber). Often the warp and weft yarns are dyed with different colors to give an
iridescent effect.
Batik - is a dyeing method where the cloth is covered with wax designs. It is
dipped into vegetable dye that dyes the uncovered cloth without melting the wax.
The wax is removed with hot water after the design is finished.
Brocade - a multi-use formal, Jacquard woven fabric with intricate raised woven
designs resembling embroidery. It is often made with variety of thread colors
depicting complex patterns and scenes with a shiny finish. Background weave is
often satin. To the back of the fabric, the threads are not tied-down and are
carried as "floaters".
Brocatelle - a specific type of medium weight brocade utilizing four or more sets of
threads, equally for warp and weft. It has large patterns in high relief to appear
embroidered or puffy. It is woven finely for formal, refined and sophisticated wear.
Calico - similar to broadcloth, made of cotton or cotton/polyester and usually
printed in small "country" all-over with multi-colored floral patterns.
Canvas - medium to heavy weight cotton fabric woven closely in plain or twill with
relatively large threads. Available in variety of colors, stripes and few printed
designs. It is also referred as "duck" or "sailcloth". It has many uses.
Casement - a fabric for drapery either loose or tight, open or closed, plain or
novelty weave. Given color, pattern and interesting texture through tyed complex-
yarn arrangements and variations in weave. Usually it is semi-sheer, translucent
or opaque.
Cashmere - a soft fabric made of the wool grown beneath the outer hair of the
Cashmere goat in Tibet and the Kashmir province in India. It is popular because of
its softness.
Chambray - made of cotton or linen, a lightweight fabric in plain, balanced weave
using white threads across a colored wrap. Pronounced "sham-bray".
Chevron - a regular and repeated zigzag pattern formed by reversing the twill
weave. It is also known as herringbone.
Crepe - a light soft thin fabric with a crinkled surface. It is made from silk, cotton,
wool, or another fiber either in plain or satin weave.
Damask - a formal satin base Jacquard fabric of linen, cotton, silk, or wool with
reversible patterns. It is medium weight with variety in colors and patterns. Used
in decorative fabric situation.

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Denim - a coarse twilled cloth, usually of cotton or cotton/polyester which is
practical and sturdy. Navy colored is used as jeans fabric and cream or white is
used as Drill.
Embroidery - a surface ornamentation made with a thread or set of threads sewn
onto a fabric.
Finish - a substance or the mixture of substances added to textile materials to
impart the desired properties.
Flannel - a fabric woven and then brushed to achieve a soft nap. It is made of
wool or a blend of wool and cotton or synthetics.
Flock - a material obtained by cutting or grinding textile fibers to fragments. There
are two types of flock, precision cut flock, all fiber lengths are approximately equal
and random cut flock, the fibers are ground or chopped to produce a broad range
of lengths.
Flocking - a method of ornamenting cloth with adhesive printed or coated on a
fabric. Finely chopped fibers are applied by dusting, air-blasting or electrostatic
attraction. The fibers adhere to the printed areas and it is removed manually from
the unprinted areas.
Herringbone - a regular zigzag pattern fabric with a novelty or complex twill
weave. It is woven or printed on light-weight to heavy-weight fabrics.
Houndstooth - a medium to heavy weight woven twill fabric designed with
continuous broken checks or four-pointed stars resembling projecting "tooth-like"
corners.
Jacquard - a weaving system which utilizes a versatile pattern mechanism to
permit the production of large and intricate patterns.
Lisserie - a fine Jacquard woven stripe which imitates silk and embroidery. The
different figures and colors in the pattern comes from the warp.
Matelasse' - a heavy-weight upholstery textile in Jacquard weave with double sets
of warps and wefts. The surface appears to be puffy or cushioned and is also
known as double cloth.
Mohair - a fabric obtained from yarn made from the silky hair of the Angora goat.
Nylon - a man-made fiber where the forming substance is a synthetic polyamide.

It exhibit excellent strength, flexibility, elasticity and abrasion resistance.
Ottoman - a heavy silk or rayon fabric with broad, round weft threads that
produce a horizontal rib. Used for coats and trimmings.
Peau de Soie - a soft and fine silk fabric of satin weave having ribbed or grained
appearance. It is a French term which literally means "skin of silk".
Pile fabric - a fabric with an extra warp or weft set, woven to produce a deep
surface texture like velvet, terry cloth, frieze or corduroy.
Pilling - fibers tendency to work loose from the fabric surface and form a balled or
matted particles attached to the surface of the fabric.
Plaid - a cloth having a crisscross design. The stripes in warp and weft directions
cross at intervals to form different colors in square or rectangular patterns. It may
be plain or twill weave.
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Plisse' - a blistered or puckered finish given to a sheer, thin or light-weight fabric
with a caustic soda.
Polyester - a man-made fiber where the forming substance is any synthetic
polymer. It has high strength and are resistant to shrinking and stretching. It is
also wrinkle resistant.
Rayon - a man-made fiber basically composed of regenerated cellulose.
Rep, Repp - rib woven fabric (horizontal or vertical ribs) between poplin and
ottoman in rib size and weight. It is durable and medium to heavy-weight, Woven
from cotton, wool, or silk.
Satin - a basic type of weave with up to eight weft threads are tied down with one
floating weft thread. It is light to medium-weight with glossy face and a dull back.
Scrim - a durable, open weave sheer cotton fabric used for curtains or upholstery
lining or in industry.
Shantung dupioni - originally a spun silk fabric with slubs and forms interesting
textures. Today, shantung may be of natural or synthetic fibers. Fabrics imitating
shantung are antique satin and antique taffeta.
Suede cloth - a light or medium-weight synthetic knit or woven textile with
brushed nap imitating suede leather.
Tapestry - a Jacquard woven with multiple warps and wefts creating various color
patterns or scenes. Used as wall hangings for decoration or somtimes to cover
furniture.
Toile - a sheer fabric similar to muslin or percale in plain or twill weave obtained
from cotton or linen.
Tufted fabric - a pile fabric formed by tufting a yarn into a woven background.
Example, some upholstery fabrics and all tufted carpets.
Tweed - a coarse, rugged, and often nubby woolen fabric in plain balanced or
variation (originally twill) weave. Used as casual suits and coats.
Velour - a closely napped fabric with a soft, velvet-like texture, used for clothing
and upholstery. It includes some velvet, and all plush-pile surface cloths.
Velvet - a pile woven cotton, silk, and/or rayon fabric with a soft yet sturdy face.
Very much like plush but with a shorter pile. The underside is plain.
Vinyl - extruded polyvinyl chloride synthetic fabric flowed onto a knitted, woven,
or non-woven base cloth imitating leather. It is medium to heavy-weight
upholstery fabric.
Voile - a light, plain-weave, sheer transparent fabric with tightly twisted yarns
often having a stiff finish. Available in novelty effects like pique stripes, printed
patterns and stripes. It is obtained from cotton, rayon, silk, or wool and used
especially for making dresses and curtains.
GUIDES TO FIBERS AND FABRICS
Use this chart as a general guide to choose the right cleaning method for your
garments. Care varies based on colorfastness, weight trimmings, lining, special
finishes, and fabric construction and always read and follow the manufacturer’s
care label recommendations first.
FIBERS AND FABRICS RIGHT CLEANING METHOD

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1. Acetate synthetic Dry clean.
fiber
2. Acrylic Synthetic Machine wash knits in warm water gentle setting.
Fiber Roll in towel to absorb extra moisture, and dry flat,
or dry at low setting in a dryer. Dry clean woven
acrylic fabrics.
3. Blends fabrics or Follow care guidelines for more delicate or most
combined fiber prominent fiber in the blend.
cotton/polyester,
cotton/linen,
silk/polyester.
4. Canvass, heavy firm, Machine wash in cold water and tumble dry on low
tightly woven fabrics, setting. Dry clean if not colorfast.
originally cotton or linen
now also made of
synthetics or blends
5. Cashmere undercoat treats as wool and follows the care label
or hair of Cashmere goat.
6. Sweaters Hand wash with care but it is best to dry clean both
knits and woven.
7. Chiffon thin, Hand wash as for silk.

transparent fabric,
usually silk, but can be
of synthetic fibers –
8. Corduroy Rigged-pile Turn inside out and use warm water dry normal
fabric that may be setting remove from dryer while slightly damp,
cotton, cotton polyester, smooth pockets and seams with hands. Hang until
or rayon dry.
9. Cotton Natural Woven and knitted into fabrics of many weight and
Vegetable Fiber texture. Hand wash warm water – use cold water for
bright color that may bleed. Dry at low setting.
Remove from dryer while damp. Iron damp with hot
iron.
10. Damask Jacquard- May be cotton, linen, silk, viscose weight fabrics, see
weave fabric, individual fiber listing – dry clean silk wool and all
heavier weight fabrics. Denim strong, heavy twill-
weave fabric, usually cotton, but can be a
cotton/synthetic blend- prone to shrinkage unless
purchased pre-shrunk. Machine-wash in warm
water. Traditional blue and other deep colors bleed
the first several washings, so wash separately, as
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necessary dry all low setting to avoid shrinkage. Iron
while damp with a hot iron as needed.
11. Denim A coarse twilled cloth, usually of cotton or
cotton/polyester which is practical and sturdy. Navy
colored is used as jeans fabric and cream or white is
used as Drill.
12. Flannel Napped In plain or twill weave. Cotton and synthetic may be
fabric machine-wash dry at low setting and remove while
damp line dry. Wool should be dry clean.
13. Gabardine Firm, Closely woven twill fabric, originally and often
worsted wool, also made of cotton and synthetic,
fibers. Follow label directions or dry clean.
14. Lace Open work textile, may be cotton linen or synthetic.
Hand washed using a soap or detergent for delicate
fabrics. Avoid rubbing squeeze out excess moisture,
do not twist or wring. Shape by hand and hang to air
dry or dry flat, do not tumble dry. Pin delicate lace to
a cloth before washing.
15. Line natural flax Hand wash or machine wash in warm water
fiber light to heavy
weight fabric.
16. For heavy linens use a hot iron, for lighten weight linen blends and
linens treated for crease resistance use a lower
temperature, can also dry clean
17. Nylon synthetic fiber, Used in fabrics of different weight, sometimes
blended with other fibers when used alone it is both
dry-cleanable and machine wash, use warm water.
Tumble dry on low setting but can hang on plastic
hanger and drip or air dry. To avoid permanent
yellowing, keep away from sunlight for direct heat.
18. Organdy Sheer, Hand wash starch so maintain characteristics crisp
lightweight, plain weave appearance from damp with hot iron. Can also dry-
cotton. clean.
19. Polyester strong Does not shrink or stretch. Wash in warm water.
synthetic fiber in fabrics Tumble dry and remove promptly to prevent wrinkles
of various weight and from at a low setting. If garment is pleated hand-
texture, or often blended washed and dip dry. If blended follow guidelines for
with cotton and wool. delicate fiber.
20. Ramie natural fiber Machine wash in warm water, tumble dry from damp
from ramie plant (similar with hot iron. Can also dry-clean. Avoid excessive
to linen). Used alone or twisting
blended often with
cotton.
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21. Rayon a generic term for a manmade fiber including viscose
and compramonium rayon. Some garment labels
identify the fabric as “rayon” some as “viscose”.
Follow label care instructions. Dry-clean for best
results.
22. Satin fabric with a Dry-clean silk and acetate. Wash cotton, nylon, and
lustrous finish, polyester satins following fiber guidelines.
traditionally silk, now
also acetate cotton,
nylon and polyester.
23. Seersucker fabric With puckered stripes woven in during the
manufacturing process. Usually cotton, but also
nylon, polyester and silk version. See fiber for
washing. Drip or tumble dry. Iron or low heat, if
24. Silk natural fiber If needed.
recommended, hand-washed plain weave crepe de
from silkworm chine, thin, lightweight, and medium-weight kinds in
lukewarm water with mild soap or detergent or in
cold water with special cold-water with special cold
detergent. Do not use chlorine bleach. Rinse several
times in cold water until no trace of suds remains
towel blot. Dry flat iron on wrong side at warm (silk)
setting if so labelled some silks can be machine-
washed. Follow label directions correctly. Dry-clean
heavier (suiting weight) silks pleated silks, and those
in dark colors, which may bleed
25. Spandex Generic name for stretch fibers often added to other
fibers to give them elasticity. Machine-wash in warm
water on the delicate cycle (if exercise wear, wash
after each wearing to remove body oils, which can
cause deterioration). Do not use chlorine bleach.
Line dry, do not use dryer. Do not iron
26. Terry cloth Toweling Fabric with looped pile made of cotton or
cotton/polyesters. Machine-wash in warm water.
Tumble dry or line dry.
27. Tweed - a coarse, rugged, and often nubby woolen fabric in
plain balanced or variation (originally twill) weave.
Used as casual suits and coats. Dry Clean.
28. Velour Napped Originally wool, now also cotton, silk and synthetics.
fabric, Dry-clean unless manufacturer’s label indicate it can
be washed. Velvet soft pile fabric, originally silk, now
usually rayon or cotton. Dry clean.
29. Vinyl –extruded polyvinyl chloride synthetic fabric flowed
onto knitted, woven, or non-woven base cloth
imitating leather. It is medium to heavy-weight
upholstery fabric. Follow instructions carefully in
washing.
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30. Voile - a light, plain-weave, sheer transparent fabric with
tightly twisted yarns often having a stiff finish.
Available in novelty effects like pique stripes, printed
patterns and stripes. It is obtained from cotton,
rayon, silk, or wool and used especially for making
dresses and curtains. Follow carefully wash
31. Wool Natural fiber made of sheep fleece. Hand-wash
sweaters and other knits in cold water with cold
water detergent. Rinse thoroughly squeeze, do not
wring. Towel blot and dry flat, machine washable
wools are so labeled, follow instructions carefully.
Dry clean woven wools and heavy sweaters.
Self-check 5.1-5

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Direction:
1. What are the fabrics that for dry cleaning?
2. What are fabrics that can be dry cleaning and for washing?
3. What is tumble dry?
4. What kind of fabric that cannot be process in extraction?
5. What is the importance of reading washing instruction of
every fabric?

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Answer Key 5.1-5
1. Fabrics for dry cleaning

a. Silk, rayon, ramie, canvass, etc.
2. For dry cleaning and washing
a. Wool, organdy, flax, lace, etc.
3. Tumble means to extract water from the fabric
4. Fabric that cannot be process in extraction
a. Spandex
5. Importance in reading instruction
a. To know how to wash the fabric and to avoid damage of the fabric

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Information Sheet 5.1- 6
Reading Textile label codes

Learning Objectives: After reading the information sheet, you must be able to;
1. Read and apply the textile label codes:
WASHING PROCESS
Very hot.
White cotton and linen
Maximum wash
articles. Without special finishes
Spin or wring.
Cotton articles with
Very Hot.
special finishes capable
Minimum wash
of being boiled but requiring drip-
Drip-dry.
drying
Cotton, linen or viscose articles
Hot. Maximum without special finishes where
wash. Spin or wring. colours are fast at 60°C
Hot. Medium wash. Cold White nylon, white polyester/cotton

rinse, short spin mixtures.
or drip-dry.
Hand-hot. Medium wash.

Coloured nylon, polyester, cotton
Cold rinse, short spin or
and viscose acrylic/cotton mixtures.
drip-dry.
Cotton, linen or viscose articles

Warm. Maximum wash. where colours are fast at 40°C but
Spin or wring. not at 60°C.
Acrylics, acetate and triacetate,

Warm. Minimum wash. including mixtures with wool,
Spin. Do not hand wring. polyester/wool blends.
Wool, including blankets and wool

Warm. Minimum wash. mixtures with cotton or viscose, silk.
Spin. Do not hand wring

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Cool. Minimum wash. Cold
Silk and printed acetate fabrics with
rinse, short spin. Do not
colours not fast at 40°C.
wring.
Articles which must not be machine-

HAND WASH
washed
If drycleanable steaming or
prespotting may cause problems of
Do not wash dye bleeding.
IRONING
HOT (200°C)
Cotton, Linen, Viscose
WARM (150°C)
Wool, Polyester mixtures.
COOL (110° C)
Acrylic, Nylon, Triacetate, Polyester.
Do not iron.

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DRY CLEANING
Normal textiles dry cleanable in all solvents. Normally used for
dry cleaning
Normal textiles dry cleanable in perchloroethylene, white spirit,

Solvent R 113, Solvent 11.
Textiles sensitive to dry cleaning which may be cleaned with the

same solvents shown for P but with a strict limitation. Examples:
acrylic, velvet, unlimited woolens.
Normal textiles dry cleanable in white spirit. HCS and Solvent R

113.
Textiles sensitive to dry cleaning which may be cleaned with the

same solvents shown for F but with a strict limitation. Examples
glitter fabric.
Do not dry clean, be careful with spot removal. Example, pvc

coating: rubberized fabrics
CHLORINE BLEACHING
Chlorine bleaching is allowed
Do not use chlorine bleach
DRYING
Tumble dry Do not tumble dry.
Self Check 5.1- 6

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Identify the following washing, ironing, drying, and bleaching process
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Answer Key 5.1- 6

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1. Do not tumble dry
2. Do not dry clean
3. Do not use chlorine bleach
4. Do not iron.
5. WARM (150°C)Wool, Polyester mixtures
6. Chlorine bleaching is allowed
7. Normal textiles dry cleanable in all solvents
8. HAND WASH
9. Do not wash
10. Hand-hot. Medium wash. Cold rinse, short spin or drip-dry.

Procedure in Sorting Laundry Items

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to;
1. Follow the procedure in sorting laundry items.
PROCEDURE:
Segregate Items by:
1. Color – separating white from colored items.
White clothes colored clothes

2. Classification – Segregate item by those dry-cleaning, for washing and
pressing, Wet from dry cleaning towels from bed sheets, etc. Laundry job will
be faster when items are pre-segregated before they are processed.
For pressing Linens towels wet washing dry cleaning

3. Extent of dirt separating the heavily soiled items from lightly soiled items
Heavily soiled clothes lightly soiled clothes
4. Check for damages and stains.

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5. Check for valuables inside the garment, be sure to turn over them to
your supervisor.
6. Check for the special instructions indicated in the fabric.

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Self-check 5.1-7
1. What is your basis in sorting clothes in laundry?

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Answer key 5.1-7
1. Color – separating white from colored items.

2. Classification – Segregate item by those dry-cleaning, for washing and
pressing, Wet from dry cleaning towels from bed sheets, etc. Laundry job
will be faster when items are pre-segregated before they are processed.
3. Extent of dirt separating the heavily soiled items from lightly soiled items
4. Damages and stains.
5. Check for the special instructions indicated in the fabric.

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Laundering Method (Washing Machine)
Learning objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET, you must be able
to;
1. Follow the procedure of laundering method of the different types of linen
and fabrics.
PROCEDURE:
1. Preparing to Wash
 Sort the clothes unto groups-whites, colourfast, none—colourfast,
delicate, lint free and wash according to the laundry guide.
 Clothes with worn patches or tears should first be mended. Empty
out all pockets and close all side fasteners. Treat bad stains prior
to washing.
2. Prior Washing
 Remove the plastic cover safety from spin basket.
 Check the wash timer knob in set to position “0” and that the drain
selector is set to “WASH RINSE.”
 Ensure that the drain hose is in its correct position (se illustration).
 Inlet power cord into power point and switch on
3. To Wash
 Place the wash load and detergent in the tub.
 Set the drain selector to “WASH RINSE”.
 Turn the water tap on fill the tub of the washing machine to the level
recommended in the Laundry Guide.
 Set the wash timer to the period recommended in the Laundry Guide.
Your machine will now wash for the period selected.
 When the wash period expires, set the drain selector to the drain
position to discharge the water.
Caution: Before rinsing, the wash load may be transferred to the spin basket.
To spin, dry for 1 min. (approx.) to remove excess suds (see Spin Drying).
4. To Rinse the Wash Tub
 Open the door spin inner of the spin basket, lift up the door spin
outer, then pull the catch forward and lift upward.
 Transfer either the pull wash load or portion to the spin basket
commencing with small articles. Ensure that the clothes are evenly
distributed.
 Place the removable cover safety over the load to be dried and push
lightly downward.

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Set the spin timer to the time recommended in Laundry Guide. The
spin basket will spin the time selected, and then stop (at Position “0”.
Caution: Ensure the spin basket completely stops before reaching in to
remove the wash load. Be especially careful of children.
 To remove or reposition clothes during spin dry cycle, open the outer
and the inner door spin. In case, the basket will automatically stop as a
brake is supplied when the door spin outer is opened. To restart, close
both lid. If required, reset the spin timer.
 If there is any abnormal vibrating during the spin drying, turn off the
spin timer and rearrange the clothes uniformly inside the spin basket.
5. Simultaneous Washing and Spin Drying
 Two motors are fitted to cover washing, spin drying. This arrangement
enables spin drying of previous wash load and wash of new load to be
simultaneously affected.
 To do this set the controls for both “WASH” and “SPIN” modes (see “To
Wash and Spin drying).
Laundry Guide
Type of Size of Water Degree of Water Wash Spin
Fabrics Wash Level Soiling Temp. Period Period
Load (Volume) Water cycle
Fast Full half High Heavy Hot 5-10 3-5 mins.
Coloured, and less mins.
(app. 33L) Normal 50 C (Max.)
Cotton (app. 26L)
and Low Light
Linens
Nylon Full half High Normal 4-5
and less mins.
(app. 33L) Warm 40 C
(app. 26L) 2-3
Low Light 2 mins.
mins
Delicate Half & High Normal to Warm 40 C 2-3 1-2 mins.
Less light mins.
(app. 33L)
6. Emptying
 Set the drain selector knob to “Drain”
 The machine will now empty.
 Set the drain selector knob to “WASH, RINSE”
 Switch off the electricity at the power point.

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JOB SHEET 5.1-1
Title: Laundering Method (Washing Machine)
Performance Objective: Given a wash load, you should be able to follow the
procedure of laundering method of the different types of linen and fabrics and
practice occupational health and safety in laundering.
Supplies and Materials: cleaning detergent, fabric conditioner, stain remover
Equipment: Washing machine with dryer or spinner
Steps and Procedures:
1. Sort the clothes unto groups-whites, colorfast, none—colorfast, delicate, lint
free and wash according to the laundry guide.
2. Clothes with worn or tears should first be mended.
3. Empty out all pockets and close all side fasteners.
4. Treat bad stains prior to washing.
5. Remove the plastic cover safety from spin basket.
6. Check the wash timer knob in set to position “0” and that the drain selector
is set to “WASH RINSE.”
7. Ensure that the drain hose is in its correct position (se illustration).
8. Inlet power cord into power point and switch on
9. Place the wash load and detergent in the tub.
10. Set the drain selector to “WASH RINSE”.
11. Turn the water tap to fill the tub of the washing machine to the level
recommended in the Laundry Guide.
12. Set the wash timer to the period recommended in the Laundry Guide.
13. Set the drain selector to the drain position to discharge the water.
14. Transfer either the full wash load or portion to the spin basket
commencing with small articles.
15. Ensure that the clothes are evenly distributed.
16. Place the removable cover safety over the load to be dried and push
lightly downward.
17. Set the spin timer to the time recommended in Laundry Guide. The spin
basket will spin the time selected, and then stop at Position “0”.
18. Open the outer and the inner door spin. Removed the clothes from the spinner
and dry.
Assessment Method: Performance Criteria

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PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST
JOB SHEET 5.1-8
Trainee’ Name: ______________________________________ Date: ____________________
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you………
1. Sort the clothes unto groups-whites, colorfast, none—colorfast,
delicate, lint free and wash according to the laundry guide.
2. Mend clothes with worn patches or tears?
3. Empty out all pockets and close all side fasteners?
4. Treat bad stains prior to washing?
5. Remove the plastic cover safety from spin basket?
6. Check the wash timer knob in set to position “0” and that the drain
selector is set to “WASH RINSE.”
7. Ensure that the drain hose is in its correct position?
8. Switch properly and safely the inlet power cord into outlet?
9. Place the wash load and detergent in the tub?
10. Set the drain selector to “WASH RINSE”.
11. Turn the water tap to fill the tub of the washing machine to the level
recommended in the Laundry Guide?
12. Set the wash timer to the period recommended in the Laundry
Guide?
13. Set the drain selector to the drain position to discharge
14. Transfer either the full wash load or portion to the spin basket
commencing with small articles?
15. Ensure that the clothes are evenly distributed?
16. Place the removable cover safety over the load to be dried and push
lightly downward?
17. Set the spin timer to the time recommended in Laundry Guide?
18. Open the outer and the inner door spin. Removed the clothes from
the spinner and dry?
Comments/Suggestions:
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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TASK SHEET 5.1-1
Title: Sorting Laundry Items
procedure sorting clothes, linen and fabrics following OHS.
Supplies and Materials: Laundry baskets, labelers, laundry bags, hangers.
Equipment: Laundry cart, sorting shelves
Procedure:
1. Separating white from colored items.

2. Segregate item by those dry-cleaning, for washing and pressing, Wet
from dry cleaning towels from bed sheets, etc. Laundry job will be faster
when items are pre-segregated before they are processed.
3. separating the heavily soiled items from lightly soiled items
4. Check for damages and stains.
5. Check for valuables inside the garment, be sure to turn over them to
your supervisor.
6. Check for the special instructions indicated in the fabric

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TASK SHEET 5.1-1
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you……..
1. Separate the white clothes from the colored items?
2. Segregate item by those dry-cleaning, for washing and pressing,
Wet from dry cleaning towels from bed sheets, etc.
3. Separate the heavily soiled items from lightly soiled items?
4. Check for damages and stains?
5. Check the valuables inside the garment, and turn over them to
the supervisor.
6. Check for the special instructions indicated in the fabric?
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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TASK SHEET 5.1-2
Title: Darning
Performance Objective: Given a wash load with worn patches, you should be
able to patch.
Supplies and Materials: sewing kit and patches.
Equipment: Laundry cart, sorting shelves
Procedure:
1. Prepare tools and materials in sewing.
2. Check the color of the fabric.
3. Hem the torn part of the fabric
4. Use the same color of thread.
5. Use running stitch.

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TASK SHEET 5.1-2
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you……
1. Prepare tools and materials in sewing.
2. Check the color of the fabric.
3. Hem the torn part of the fabric
4. Use the same color of thread
5. Use running stitch.
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________
LEARNING OUTCOME # 2 OBSERVE SAFETY PRACTICES IN HANDLING

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LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT AND CHEMICALS
CONTENTS:
1. Handling bleaching solutions and other laundry chemicals
2. Hygiene, health and safety issues of specific relevance to laundry operations
1. Items for laundering are checked for stains and stains are treated using the
correct process
2. Cleaning agents and chemicals are correctly used in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions and specific laundry equipment
CONDITION:
2. EQUIPMENTS
sorting shelves
3. TOOLS
fiber/ fabric samples
different linens and laundry items
 pen and paper
 bleaching agent
 stain removing agent
 fabric softeners
 sanitizing agent
 All purpose cleaning
agent
 detergents (liquid,
powder)
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
 Observation
 Interview

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Learning Outcome 2: OBSERVE SAFETY PRACTICES IN HANDLING LAUNDRY

EQUIPMENT AND CHEMICALS

Read information sheets 5.2-1 on If you have some problem on the
Health and safety to Laundry content of the information sheet, don’t
Answer self Check 5.2-1 Compare answer with the answer key
Read the information sheet 5.2-2 If you have some problem on the
on safe handling of laundry Chemicals content of the information sheet, don’t
Answer self check 5.2.2 Compare answer with the answer key

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HEALTH AND SAFETY TO LAUNDRY AREA

to;
1. Practice safety in the laundry area.
2. Practice safety in operating the machine
General Laundry Safety
Wherever you install your washer and dryer - whether it's in the basement or
another room - make sure you install a smoke alarm as well. Like all major
appliances, your washer and dryer should be properly grounded. Ensure you have
the proper sized fuse or breaker switch installed. Washing means water, of course,
and if not already in place, you should install an outlet with a ground fault circuit
interrupter.
If your laundry room shares the basement with the furnace, avoid hanging clothes,
or storing laundry products, such as bleach near the furnace where they can
create fire. Water, electrical appliances, tight spaces are all present dangers to
children, so make the laundry room off limits as a play area. Also, the iron should
also be kept out of reach of children - young tots can pull on the cord and pull a
heavy iron down on themselves causing injury. When finished ironing, unplug the
iron, and never leave a hot iron unattended.
And, watch your step while carrying laundry, especially if you have to take the
stairs. It's better to take two small loads so you can see where you're going over
the top of the laundry basket and avoid tripping. It's also not a good idea to locate
the laundry hamper or basket on the stairs.
Preventive Maintenance in the laundry area
The benefits of preventive maintenance are far too often overlooked. By creating a
preventive maintenance schedule and sticking with it, laundry managers can
increase their department's efficiency, reduce the risk of injury and illness,
minimize unscheduled interruptions, and prevent larger and more costly repairs.
Included on the dryer maintenance schedule should be steps to ensure that the
equipment has unrestricted airflow. Although workers may clean the lint screen
several times a day, it is equally important that the dryers' entire exhaust ducts be
inspected at least once a month. A restricted exhaust duct from lint reduces
airflow and increases the chances of creating an unsafe condition. Vacuuming
behind the tumbler every six months is also recommended.
As for washers, after every 200 hours of use the bearings and seals should be
lubricated with manufacturer-recommended grease. Washers should be examined
for leaks daily. Besides watching for the obvious puddle on the floor, someone
from the maintenance staff should inspect the hoses for water and chemical leaks.

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If leaks are found, the equipment shouldn't be used until a service technician
repairs them. At least every three months, maintenance should also check the
washers' belt condition, clean the water-inlet screens, and inspect anchor bolts.
In addition to implementing and posting a preventive maintenance checklist, clear
directions for operating conditions should be posted, such as proper start-up and
shutdown procedures.
Safe Operation of Equipment
To avoid injury while using laundry room equipment there are certain things to
look for and others to avoid. The following is a list of some general operating tips:
Carefully read safety labels and instructions on all laundry equipment. Post safety
instructions near each machine for easy reference.
Regularly run safety tests. For example, check the door interlock on washer-
extractors. When testing the door interlock, attempt to start the machine with the
door open, close the door and, without locking it, attempt to start the machine. If
the equipment starts during either of these tests, contact your service technician.
Also, try opening the door during the wash cycle. The door should stay locked. If it
doesn't, immediately disconnect the equipment from its power source so it cannot
be operated, and contact your service technician.
Safety first for on-premise laundries: following these good-sense safety

guidelines
Perform similar safety checks on tumblers. Try opening the door during the dry
cycle. The machine should stop when the door is opened.
Pay attention to your surroundings. Never, under any circumstance, operate your
washer-extractor if there is high water on the laundry room floor or if the machine
is not connected to a properly grounded circuit.
Examine the floor for cracking. The concrete foundation must be of sufficient
strength and thickness to handle the floor loads generated by the high extraction
speeds. If cracking is severe, the floor needs to be reinforced with new concrete.
Provide sufficient space to move between pieces of equipment and for the
performance of service procedures and routine preventive maintenance.
Use machines only for their intended purposes. For example, to reduce the risk of
fire, don't put plastics, articles containing foam rubber, rags contaminated with
gasoline or other flammable solvents, or mop heads into the dryer.

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Do not defeat machine safety features. Washer-extractors and tumblers are
constructed with numerous safety features, such as washer door lock protection
and a dryer airflow safety switch. By intentionally overriding these features, you
create an unsafe condition.
Cut off the power when there is a problem with a machine or a jam in a flatwork
finisher. Don't just turn off the machine, but turn off the power at the power
source.
Check emergency switches and devices weekly to ensure that they are working
properly.
Remove hot laundry from a tumbler immediately after cycle completion. Never
leave a hot load sitting in a tumbler or a laundry cart unattended.
Throw out rags. If you have rags that have been used to clean up or apply a
chemical, don't wash or dry them. For safety reasons it's best to throw them out.
Ergonomics and the Laundry Room
A large issue coming to light is the study of ergonomics. Defined as the science of
fitting the job to the worker, ergonomics is extremely important in the laundry
room. Because of the repetitive movements of bending and reaching, employees
can experience back strain if they are not properly trained in proper techniques.
And, in terms of the amount of lost work time, back strain comes in a close second
to the common cold for days missed.
To prevent physical injuries on the job, the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) suggests training employees on proper lifting; posting signs
that demonstrate proper lifting technique; reducing the size and weight of the
items being lifted; and installing mechanical aids when possible. It is also
recommended that equipment height be adjusted to proper levels. For example,
the work level of carts and bins should be raised to approximately workers' waist
level. If the stationary laundry equipment is too high, platforms should be
provided for employees to stand on for easier reaching.
When laundry staffs are washing large items, such as sheets, these items should
be loaded individually by bunching each sheet accordion style. This will prevent
the sheets from tangling and will make them easier to remove from the washer.

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Self Check 5.2.1
I. TRUE OR FALSE: Write true if the statement is true, and false if the
statement is wrong.
1. Ergonomics is the science of fitting the job to the worker.
2. Use machines only for their intended purposes
3. Do not read safety labels and instructions on all laundry
equipment.
4. Post safety instructions near each machine for easy reference.
5. Washer and dryer should not properly grounded.
6. Cut off the power when there is a problem with a machine or a jam
in a flatwork finisher.
7. Don't just turn off the machine, but turn off the power at the power
source.
8. Check emergency switches and devices weekly to ensure that they
are working properly.
9. Operate your washer-extractor if there is high water on the laundry
room floor.
10. If you have rags that have been used to clean up or apply a
chemical, wash or dry them for next use.

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Answer Key 5.2-1
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False
6. True
7. True
8. True
9. False
10. False

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Safe Handling of Laundry Chemicals
Learning Objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET you must be able
to;
1. Use laundry chemicals properly.
What Is Bleach and How Does It Work?
Bleach is a chemical that can remove or lighten color, usually via oxidation.
Types of Bleach
There are several types of bleach. Chlorine bleach usually contains sodium
hypochlorite. Oxygen bleach contains hydrogen peroxide or a peroxide-releasing
compound such as sodium perborate or sodium percarbonate. Bleaching powder
is calcium hypochlorite. Other bleaching agents include sodium persulfate,
sodium perphosphate, sodium persilicate, their ammonium, potassium and
lithium analogs, calcium peroxide, zinc peroxide, sodium peroxide, carbamide
peroxide, chlorine dioxide, bromate, and organic peroxides (e.g., benzoyl peroxide).
While most bleaches are oxidizing agents, other processes can be used to remove
color. For example, sodium dithionite is a powerful reducing agent that can be
used as a bleach.
How Bleach Works
An oxidizing bleach works by breaking the chemical bonds of a chromophore (part

of a molecule that has color). This changes the molecule so that it either has no
color or else reflects color outside the visible spectrum.
A reducing bleach works by changing the double bonds of a chromophore into
single bonds. This alters the optical properties of the molecule, making it colorless.
In addition to chemicals, energy can disrupt chemical bonds to bleach out color.
For example, the high energy photons in sunlight (e.g., ultraviolet rays) can
disrupt the bonds in chromophores to decolorize them.
One specific place where you should definitely avoid using bleach
If you bought decking or other outdoor wood products more than a few years ago
you should be aware that your purchase may contain CCA which is a dangerous
chemical which becomes even more dangerous when combined with bleach. CCA
is a type of arsenic and it combines with bleach to from highly toxic chromium and
arsenic compounds. Most of these CCA-treated products were taken off the market
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in the US by 2003 but of course many people still have such things in their
backyards.
If you have any concerns that you family may be exposed to such products then be
especially careful not to use bleach or deck brighteners on them.
Also, if toddlers and young children are to play on such decking always lay down
matting. Even without added bleach these products are hazardous!
Other places to avoid bleach
Avoid using bleach in close quarters such as cupboards and other small spaces
where the smell and fumes may be concentrated by lack of air movement. If you
feel that you must use it, wear a face mask and dilute the product adequately.
Air rooms well after bleach has been used to dispel fumes.
Never ever use bleach with other products in an experimental way! The risk of
hazardous fumes is too great. Use bleach in dilution according to the
manufacturer’s instructions.
People who have asthma or other breathing problems should be especially careful
about using bleach.
Be very careful of bleach splashes. Bleach is a powerful corrosive. If any should
get into your eye, irrigate it liberally with water for 15 minutes or so and get
medical help.
Get out in the fresh air after exposing yourself to bleach fumes and if you have any
doubt about effects upon your health consult a doctor.
Use bleach if you feel it is necessary. Dilute it 1 part in 10 parts water for a
reasonably safe cleaning agent. If you do use it undiluted, keep it at arms length
and irrigate it with plenty of water as soon as it has done its work. People who
have heart or lung conditions should be especially careful.
The real hazard of chlorine bleach
The real problem is the industrial use of chlorine bleach, as used in many, many
products. Manufacturers of conventional nappies, toilet paper and many other
paper and fabric products use industrial bleaching methods during production
which are very harmful to the environment. This is because large quantities of
bleach are acting in an acid environment.
The oxygen bleaches are chemically different from standard bleach and they are
generally safer, too.
Vinegar and bleach and other bleach safety facts
So how safe is vinegar and bleach? Is this potent combination a useful mix for
household use?
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Vinegar and bleach is not a safe mixture - in fact you really should not mix bleach
with anything (except water).
Here are a few key facts about bleach and safety, starting with the idea of mixing
vinegar with bleach to make a more powerful disinfectant.
Why would people want to mix vinegar and bleach?
There is evidence that vinegar lowers the acidity of diluted bleach, making it a
more potent bactericide. Diluted household bleach has a pH which is quite high
(i.e it is quite alkaline). Adding vinegar lowers it and makes the bleach a more
effective killer of bacteria.
Is this mixing of vinegar and bleach safe or necessary?
The short answer is "No!".

For domestic use the dangers are too great. When acids are mixed with bleach
chlorine gas is given off. This is quite toxic and can be a considerable health risk.
Vinegar is a fairly potent bactericide in its own right. If you feel the need to use
bleach too, then separate them out. Use bleach in small quantities, diluted in
water to top up your cleaning programme.
Vinegar and bleach is only an option in emergency situations and is best left to
professionals.
So how dangerous is bleach - for us and for the environment?
Chlorine bleach is mainly sodium hypochlorite. This is the common household

bleach with the classic smell of swimming pools! It's the kind you generally find in
liquid or gel form in supermarkets. You can also buy it as a dry powder.
It is a useful household cleaner as it dissolves and dirt and whitens and brightens
things too. It is not generally very suitable for fabrics as it may destroy them,
especially if the concentration is too strong.
A huge quantity of this stuff is flushed down sinks and toilets everyday which you
might think was a hazardous thing to do.
Some might say the jury is still out but the likely truth is that most chlorine
bleach products will break down harmlessly into salts and water.
For dangerous compounds such as dioxins to be produced you need a much more
acid environment.
The real hazard of chlorine bleach
The real problem is the industrial use of chlorine bleach, as used in many, many
products. Manufacturers of conventional nappies, toilet paper and many other
paper and fabric products use industrial bleaching methods during production

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which are very harmful to the environment. This is because large quantities of
bleach are acting in an acid environment.
The oxygen bleaches are chemically different from standard bleach and they are
generally safer, too.
What about the manufacture of chlorine bleach?
The making of chlorine bleach can pose a significant hazard. Chlorox, a chemical
company which makes a popular bleach product in the US experienced an
accidental spill in the 1970s which caused them to review their transportation
arrangements. Workers in chemical plants may also be adversely affected by the
continual exposure to fumes.
Chemical Safety Data: Sodium hypochlorite solution
Common
Clorox, liquid bleach
synonyms
Formula NaClO (in water)
Form: colourless liquid with a strong odour

Physical Stability: Unstable: light and heat sensitive; readily decomposes on
properties heating to around 40 C
Specific gravity: approximately 1.21
*** Sodium hypochlorite is corrosive and can cause burns to skin

and eyes.
*** The liquid is harmful if swallowed and in contact with the skin.
The fumes are harmful if inhaled.
*** If acid is added to sodium hypochlorite solution, chlorine gas
(poisonous!) is released. Since bleach may be deliberately or
inadvertently added to other cleaning agents in use - some of which
Principal are acidic - this is a common way in which people may be exposed
hazards to chlorine.
*** The solution is unstable, gradually decomposing over time to
release both dissolved and gaseous products. Consequently,
pressure may build up in sealed containers, so solutions in storage
should be allowed to vent the products of decomposition.
*** Sodium hypochlorite is a fairly strong oxidizing agent, so reacts
vigorously with many reducing agents. Products of the reaction
with amines and ammonia may be both toxic and explosive.

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Wear safety glasses. Work in a well ventilated area. Do not add the
Safe handling liquid to a known acid, or to any material which may possibly be
acidic.
Eye contact: Immediately flush the eye with water. If irritation

persists, call for medical help.
Emergency Skin contact: Wash off with soap and water. If the skin is left red or
inflamed, seek medical aid.
If swallowed: Call for medical help.
Small amounts of liquid may be disposed of down the sink unless

Disposal local rules prohibit this. When discarding down the sink, ensure
that plenty of water is used to thoroughly flush away this material.
Protective
Safety glasses, hand gloves, apron
equipment

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Self Check 5.2-2
I. TRUE OR FALSE. Write true if the statement is correct and

False if the statement is not correct.
1. Air rooms well before using bleach to dispel fumes

2. People who have asthma or other breathing problems should be especially
careful about using bleach.
3. Dilute it 10 parts in 1 parts water for a reasonably safe cleaning agent.
4. You can touch in bare hands the bleaches.
5. The oxygen bleaches are chemically different from standard bleach and
they are generally safer.
6. Sodium hypochlorite is corrosive and can cause burns to skin and eyes.
7. Work in a well ventilated area when using bleach
8. Small amounts of liquid may be disposed of down anywhere.
9. Not all bleaches are poisonous
10. Safety glasses is not a requirement when using bleach.

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Answer Key 5.2-2
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. True
7. True
8. False
9. False
10. False
LEARNING OUTCOME # 3 FOLLOW CORRECT PROCEDURE IN

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LAUNDERING PROCESS FOR GUEST’S
LAUNDRY ITEMS
CONTENTS:
1. Principles and procedures in laundering clothes and linens
2. Principles and procedures in treating stains based on nature of stain and
type of fabric and fiber
3. Principles in drying clothes and linens
4. Principles and procedures in ironing and pressing clothes and linens
5. Types of ironing equipment, tools and materials and their proper usage
6. Types of hangers and their uses
7. Folding methods and techniques
1. Laundry methods are correctly selected in accordance with textile labeling
codes and based on:
a. type of fabric and fiber
b. dye fastness
c. amount of soilage
d. washing instructions
2. Items for laundering are checked for stains and stains are treated using the
correct process
3. Cleaning agents and chemicals are correctly used in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions and specific laundry equipment
4. Laundry equipment is operated in accordance with manufacturer’s
instructions
5. Items are checked after laundering process to ensure quality cleaning
6. Any damage arising from laundering process is recorded and appropriate
person(s) is/are notified in accordance with establishment procedures
7. Pressing and finishing processes are correctly completed in accordance with
textile characteristics and client requirements
CONDITION:
2. EQUIPMENTS
washing machine
drying machine
dry-cleaning machine
flat iron
steam pressers
ironing board
sorting shelves
3. TOOLS
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labeller
hangers
laundry baskets
wash basin
bucket
water hose
Operating manuals
brochures
pen and paper
bleaching agent
stain removing agent
fabric softeners
sanitizing agent
All purpose cleaning agent
detergents (liquid, powder)
report forms
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
Observation
Interview
Written examination
Demonstration of practical skills

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Learning Outcome 3: FOLLOW CORRECT PROCEDURE IN LAUNDERING

PROCESS FOR GUEST’S LAUNDRY ITEMS
If you have some problem on the content of the
 Read information sheets
information sheet, don’t hesitate to approach
5.3-1
your trainer.
Principles and Procedures
If you feel that you are now knowledgeable on
in Laundering Clothes
the content of the information sheet, you can
Linen and Fabrics
now answer self check provided in the module.
 Answer self check 5.3.1
Evaluate your own work using the performance
 Perform job sheet 5.3-1
criteria
Keep a copy of your work for the next activities


Read the information If you have some problem on the content of the
sheet 5.3-2 information sheet, don’t hesitate to approach
Cleaning a Washing Machine your trainer.
If you feel that you are now knowledgeable on
the content of the information sheet, you can
now answer self check provided in the module.
 Compare answer with the answer key
criteria

Read the information sheet. After reading the
 Read the information
learner is encourage to answer self check 5.3-3
sheet 5.3-3
Kinds od Stains and How

to treat them
Compare your answer to the answer key
 Answer oral questioning
5.3-3
learner is encourage to perform job sheet 5.3-4
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sheet 5.3-4
Procedure in treating
stains
criteria
sheets 5.3-5
Principles and procedure
in Drying clothes
criteria
learner is encourage to answer the self check
5.3-6
5.3-6
Ironing and Pressing
Clothes
5.3-7
Ironing Clothes
criteria
5.3-8
Ironing Long Sleeves
criteria
5.3-9
How to Iron a Pair of
Pants
criteria
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learner is encourage to perform task sheet 5.3-
5.3-10
10
How to Iron Pleated Skirts
 Perform task sheet 5.3-10
criteria
5.3-11 How to Iron
11
Sequined Garments
criteria
learner is encourage to answer the self check
5.3-12 Types of Hangers
5.3-12
and their Uses
5.3-13 Folding Method
13
Techniques
criteria
5.3-14 How to fold Pants
14
criteria
5.3-15 How to Fold Shirts
15
criteria
5.3-16 Folding Short-
16
sleeved shirts

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criteria

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Principles and Procedures in Laundering Clothes Linen and
Fabrics
to;
1. Follow the principles and procedures in laundering clothes linen and
fabrics.
Procedure:
1. Select load size – based on item size
 Large Load – large item
 Medium load – medium items
 Small load – small items
2. Add washing detergent following the recommended quantity for specific load
size
 Detergent
 Alkali
 Bleach
 Softener
3. Adjust machine to the appropriate water temperature.
 Hot for white and heavily soiled items
 Warm for bright colors and lightly soiled items
 Cold for permanent press items.
4. Place the soiled linen based on classification and selected load size
 Heavily soiled
 Bath towel to bath towel
 Flat sheet to flat sheet
 lightly soiled
 Hand towel to hand towel
 others
5. Select the right washes cycle on time.
a. Select super wash cycle for heavily soiled items
b. Regular wash cycle for lightly soiled ones.
6. Follow manual instructions for precautionary measures.
7. Clean the machine after washing.

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HEALTH AND SAFETY TO LAUNDRY AREA
General Laundry Safety
Wherever you install your washer and dryer - whether it's in the basement or
another room - make sure you install a smoke alarm as well. Like all major
appliances, your washer and dryer should be properly grounded. Ensure you have
the proper sized fuse or breaker switch installed. Washing means water, of course,
and if not already in place, you should install an outlet with a ground fault circuit
interrupter.
If your laundry room shares the basement with the furnace, avoid hanging clothes,
or storing laundry products, such as bleach near the furnace where they can
create fire. Water, electrical appliances, tight spaces are all present dangers to
children, so make the laundry room off limits as a play area. Also, the iron should
also be kept out of reach of children - young tots can pull on the cord and pull a
heavy iron down on themselves causing injury. When finished ironing, unplug the
iron, and never leave a hot iron unattended.
And, watch your step while carrying laundry, especially if you have to take the
stairs. It's better to take two small loads so you can see where you're going over
the top of the laundry basket and avoid tripping. It's also not a good idea to locate
the laundry hamper or basket on the stairs.

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Self-check 5.3-1
1. How many pieces of clothes/fabric in one spinning?

2. Why did you segregate white items from the colored ones?
3. What is the wash cycle for heavily wash load?

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Answer key 5.3-1
1. It depends upon the capacity of the washing machine.

2. To avoid color contamination.
3. Select super wash cycle.

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JOB SHEET 5.3-1
Title: Principles and Procedures in Laundering Clothes Linen and Fabrics
procedure of laundering method of the different types of linen and fabrics and
practice occupational health and safety in laundering.
Supplies and Materials: cleaning detergent, fabric conditioner, stain remover
1. Select load size – based on item size
2. Add washing detergent following the recommended quantity for specific load
size
3. Adjust machine to the appropriate water temperature.
4. Place the soiled linen based on classification and selected load size
5. Select the right washes cycle on time.
6. Follow manual instructions for precautionary measures.
7. Clean the machine after washing.

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OPERATION SHEET 5.3-1
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you……….
1. Select load size – based on item size?
2. Add washing detergent following the recommended quantity
for specific load size?
3. Adjust machine to the appropriate water temperature?
4. Place the soiled linen based on classification and selected load

size?
5. Select the right washes cycle on time?
6. Follow manual instructions for precautionary measures?
7. Clean the machine after washing?
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Cleaning a Washing Machine
Learning Objective: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET, you must be able
to;
1. Follow the procedure in cleaning the washing machine.
What You Will Need

* Lemon Juice, Lime Juice or Vinegar
* Borax
* Spray Cleaner
* Paper Towels
* Q-tips
* Bucket
* Vacuum with hose attachment
Important Safety Tip: Before attempting to clean your washing machine, it is

important to UNPLUG YOUR MACHINE. NEVER attempt to clean your washing
machine when it is still plugged in as you run the risk of electrocution!
Cleaning the Washing Machine:
Procedure:
1. Start by using the spray cleaner and paper towels to wipe down the top, front,
and sides of the washing machine. This step alone makes a big difference in the
appearance of your machine.
2. Next, we will work on cleaning out the inside of the machine.
3. Spray some cleaner onto a couple of paper towels and use it to wipe down the
underside of the lid, and under the lip of the washer.
4. Now it’s time to clean the basin of the washer. Fortunately, the machine will
do most of the work for you. You will need to run several cycles to get the
machine completely clean.
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5. Begin by filling the washing machine using the hot water and largest load
setting.
6. Add 2 cups of lemon or lime juice if you have rust problems or 2 cups of
vinegar for odor problems. If you have both problems, run a cycle of each.
7. Allow the washing machine to run through a complete wash and rinse cycle.
8. Fill the washer a second time with hot water on the largest load setting.
9. Add 2 cups of bleach to the water. This will aid in stain removal.
11. If all of the stains are removed, run an additional cycle without adding
anything to the water. This will allow any remaining residue to be rinsed
away thoroughly.
12. Remove the bleach dispenser and fabric softener dispenser and soak them in
a bucket of warm water.
13. When they have soaked long enough to loosen most of the build-up, remove
them from the water and lay them on a paper towel.
14. Spray them with the spray cleaner and wipe away any dirt using the paper
towels. Use Q-tips to remove dirt from corners and tight areas.
15. Dry the dispensers and return them to their original places in the machine.
16. Use the vacuum with the hose attachment to vacuum all around and under
the washing machine. A large amount of dust tends to accumulate behind
the washer and dryer, so take extra care in vacuuming all the dirt away,
especially from cords and electrical outlet areas. This not only makes it
cleaner, it helps to alleviate a possible fire hazard.
17. This is a good time to check the hoses and make sure they are securely
attached. If not, you may be mopping the floor soon too!
Additional Tips and Advice:

* If you have stubborn stains on the inside of your machine, there are cleaning
products designed for washing machines that are available at most
hardware and home improvement stores.
* If your clothes have picked up the odor from your machine, wash them with a
cup of borax.
* Front loading washers tend get a build-up over time that leads to unpleasant
odors. There are natural cleaners available to remove the fungus and get rid
of the odor. However, to keep it away, you may need to change your
detergent and/or fabric softener.

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TASK SHEET 5.3-2
Title: Cleaning a Washing Machine
Performance Objective: Given a washing machine you must be able to clean the
machine following safety procedures.
Supplies and Materials: Lemon Juice, Lime Juice or Vinegar, Borax, Spray
Cleaner, Paper Towels
1. Start by using the spray cleaner and paper towels to wipe down the top, front,
and sides of the washing machine.
2. Next, Spray some cleaner onto a couple of paper towels and use it to wipe
down the underside of the lid, and under the lip of the washer.
4. Fill the washing machine with hot water.
6. Add 2 cups of lemon or lime juice if you have rust problems or 2 cups of
vinegar for odor problems. If you have both problems, run a cycle of each.
8. Fill the washer a second time with hot water on the largest load setting.
9. Add 2 cups of bleach to the water. This will aid in stain removal.
11. Remove the bleach dispenser and fabric softener dispenser and soak them in
a bucket of warm water.
13. Remove them from the water and lay them on a paper towel.
14. Spray them with the spray cleaner and wipe away any dirt using the paper
towels.
15. Dry the dispensers and return them to their original places in the machine.
16. Check the hoses and make sure they are securely attached.

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TASK SHEET 5.3-2
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you……
1. Clean the machine and free from stains, odor, and rusts?
2. Follow the procedure in cleaning the washing machine.
3. Practice occupational health and safety in cleaning the

washing machine.
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Kinds of Stains and how to treat them
Learning Objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEETS, you must be able
to;
1. Identify kinds of stains.
2. Discuss the correct process in treating different kinds of stains.
STAIN THAT NEEDS SPECIAL PROCEDURE IN REMOVING
Acids Act quickly so that acid cannot damage the cloth. Sprinkle the stain with
baking soda, dampen with water and allow to stand till bubbling stops. Rinse well
in warm water. Alternatively, hold the dampened stain over an open bottle of
household ammonia so that the fumes can neutralize the acid. Rinse well.
Adhesive Tape Sponge or soak the dry fabric stain with a suitable laundry pre-
soak (spot stain remover) or in a grease solvent or kerosene. Kerosene will make
the cloth oily, so if used, must be followed by washing in warm soapy water.
Alcohol Always treat these as soon as possible. Often stains are almost colourless
at first, but turn brown on standing, washing and ironing. Fresh stains can be
removed by sponging several times with warm water. If there is any mark left, pour
glycerine on the dampened stain, rub lightly between the hands and leave for half
an hour. Rinse in warm water.
More stubborn stains may be sponged on dry fabric with equal quantities of
methylated spirits (wood alcohol) and ammonia (test on colours first) or laundry
pre-soak (spot stain remover). Rinse well in warm water. If any stain is left on
white material, a laundry bleach may be used. Choose and use your bleach
according to instructions given earlier.
Alkalis Alkalis, such as washing soda and ammonia, or cuticle remover, may
destroy colour and rot material. Rinse at once in equal quantities of vinegar and
water. Rinse well in warm water. If colour has been affected this cannot be
corrected.
Baby Oil Rub some dishwash liquid into the stain, leave for 10-15 minutes, then
hot wash (60-65°C) using your normal laundry detergent. If any stain remains,
repeat the process. For unwashable fabrics or articles, see under Butter.
Bleach Treat immediately in copious amounts of cold water. For chlorine bleach,
add 1 Tbsp. vinegar in each 600 mls water. If the colour has been removed by the
bleach, it cannot readily be restored, but try holding in fumes from an open bottle
of ammonia.

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Blood
If fresh, sponge with cool salted water (1tsp : 600 ml water) and rinse with clear
water.
Should stain persist, soak in a diaper wash/sanitiser from the supermarket that
contains sodium percarbonate - read the diaper wash/sanitiser label for the
chemical make-up of the product (may state sodium carbonate peroxohydrate or
oxygenated bleach). Sodium percarbonate is derived from a manufacturing process
of concentrated solutions of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide (sodium
carbonate peroxohydrate) therefore you could try using the hydrogen peroxide
suggestion first. Or you can try any of the following suggestions, and they are in
no particular order...
o Dilute hydrogen peroxide (1 part : 9 parts water). Purchase the
strongest solution available from a pharmacy - usually "20 Volume".
Rinse well.
o Sponge with a 10% solution of Oxalic Acid, warmed to about 45°C.
Rinse well.
o Sponge with dilute ammonia (1 Tsp. : 600 ml). Rinse well.
o For thick or unwashable articles, e.g. mattresses, carpets, sprinkle
with pepsin powder (from your pharmacy), or spread with a thick
paste of raw starch and water, leave to dry, then brush off. Repeat if
necessary.
Blue Rinse fresh marks in cold water. Soak any more difficult stains in a solution
1 Tbsp. vinegar in 1,200 ml of warm water. Wash as usual.
Boot Polish Sponge with a laundry pre-soak (spot stain remover) or with dry
cleaning fluid.
Butter, Cream & Fatty Stains Wash in warm sudsy water if a washable fabric. If
not, sponge dry fabric with a grease solvent, e.g. laundry pre-soak (spot stain
remover) or dry cleaning fluid.
On upholstery and carpets, use the absorbent powder treatment, followed by a
shampoo with liquid detergent, such as a Carpet/Rug Shampoo, a good quality
laundry liquid or Quilt/Wool Wash. Avoid wetting backing of carpet or fabric, or
discoloration occurs. Do not use grease solvents, e.g. dry cleaning fluid, on carpets
or fabrics with rubberized backing.
On wallpaper, scrape off as much as possible, then use warm iron and absorbent
paper. Treat remaining stain with paste of corn flour and a grease solvent. Allow to
dry, brush off, and repeat if necessary.
Crayons Treat as for Candle wax. If on wallpaper, after scraping cover with
blotting or brown paper, iron with warm iron, shifting paper repeatedly. Final
traces may be covered with a paste of cornflour and cleaning fluid. Allow to dry,
brush off and repeat if necessary.
Candle Wax Candle wax and chewing gum can be effectively removed by placing
the object that has been stained into a freezer until the staining agent is quite
hard, and brittle, then the material can be literally shattered off the object that
has been stained.
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...then treat any residue as follows: place the stain between clean, white blotters
and press with a warm iron, changing the blotter as it becomes soiled. Then
sponge with dry cleaning fluid or a laundry pre-soak (spot stain remover).
In the case of coloured wax there may still be a colour stain. Sponge with a liquid
made by adding ½ c of methylated spirits (wood alcohol) to ½ c water.
Carbon Paper & Transfers On washable fabrics heavy suds of soap and water
are usually successful. Otherwise, sponge over a pad with methylated spirits
(wood alcohol), following with a cold water sponge.
Chewing Gum Scrape away as much as possible first. Rubbing the stain with ice
will harden the gum and make this easier, especially on rugs and other heavy
materials.
If the material is washable, soak in kerosene and wash in hot soapy water. For
unwashable articles, use dry cleaning fluid. Several applications may be
necessary.
Chocolate & Cocoa First scrape off as much as possible with a dull knife. Hot
soapy water will then remove fresh stains from washable articles. If a brown stain
remains, soak in a solution of a diaper wash/sanitiser container sodium
percarbonate followed by a good rinse in warm water.
For unwashable materials, sponge with dry cleaning fluid. Allow to dry. Repeat as
necessary with a clean portion of pad beneath. If any mark remains, sponge with
equal quantities of methylated spirits (wood alcohol) and household ammonia (test
on colours first). Follow with warm water. A spray-on dry cleaner may be used.
Cod Liver Oil Fresh cod liver oil stains can be removed successfully, but old
stains set by washing and ironing are almost impossible to remove, even with
bleach. Wash very fresh stains in warm water and a good quality laundry liquid or
any one of the concentrated Laundry Powders available, applying a little neat
liquid detergent to the stain.
Stubborn stains on all fabrics respond to soaking in a diaper wash/sanitiser
container sodium percarbonate. Wash as usual.
Coffee & Tea Remove fresh stains from cotton and linen materials by first rinsing
in warm water then pouring boiling water from a height of 2 - 3 feet onto the stain.
Follow by washing in soapy water. If a trace remains, bleach in the sun, or with a
diaper wash/sanitiser container sodium percarbonate. Tea stains on cottons and
linens can also be removed by soaking in borax and water (1 Tbsp. borax in 1 c of
warm water).
Stains on wool and silk or any fabric may be sponged with lukewarm water, then
apply glycerine, rubbing lightly between the hands. Let stand for half an hour.
Rinse with warm water. If a grease spot remains from cream, sponge with dry
cleaning fluid.
Correction Fluid Purchase some Spray & Wipe from your supermarket, and use
concentrated on the stain. Most Spray & Wipe formula’s contain a solvent which
will dissolve the liquid paper. OR Try a little gasoline on the stain, with some good
absorbent paper or old cloth behind it. Then use some dishwash liquid or a good
quality laundry liquid to wash out the gasoline. OR Purchase some xylene, or
toluene, these are some of the solvents used in making the stuff. Use as if using
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the gasoline. These are stocked by gasoline companies and you may be able to
request a small sample. Always test an inconspicuous piece of material before
proceeding.
Deodorants & Antiperspirants Sponge dry fabric stain thoroughly with a
laundry pre-soak (spot stain remover) and warm water. Rinse. If some stain
remains, use a chlorinated laundry bleach or a diaper wash/sanitiser container
sodium percarbonate. Antiperspirants may cause fabric damage and colour
damage in some dyes. Colour may be restored by sponging with ammonia. Dilute
ammonia with an equal volume of water for use on wool or silk. Rinse well.
Dyes & Running Colours These are difficult to remove and no one treatment is
successful in all cases. Immediate copious rinsing in tepid water, forcing the water
through the stain, is sometimes effective.
Washing and sunning will gradually bring results in some cases. Equal parts of
methylated spirits (wood alcohol) and ammonia may also succeed. White fabrics
may be bleached. Use chlorinated laundry bleach or a diaper wash/sanitizer
container sodium per carbonate for linens and untreated cottons, hydrogen
peroxide for silk, wool and delicate fabrics.
Dye – Setting Common household salt can be used to "Set Dyes" at a rate of
quarter to half a cup per wash tub load. Leave to soak half an hour, rinse, then
hang to dry. Salt is a common additive to Laundry Powder formulations. Among
it's many uses, salt minimizes the risk of "running dyes" when laundering
garments.
Egg Scrape away as much as possible. Sponge with lukewarm water. Never use
hot water, as heat hardens the stain. If this does not succeed, spread the stain
with a paste of cream of tartar and water, adding a crushed aspirin to the paste.
Leave for 20 - 30 minutes. Rinse well in warm water. OR use a diaper
wash/sanitizer container sodium percarbonate.
Fruit Juices & Berries Fresh stains are easy to remove, but once dry, they are
very obstinate. Treat with cool water first and follow up, if necessary, by soaking in
a chlorinated laundry bleach or a diaper wash/sanitizer container sodium
percarbonate. Rinse.
White cottons and linens may be stretched over a basin and boiling water poured
through from a height. Any remaining stain may be removed with chlorinated
laundry bleach.
Coloured fabrics or washable silk, etc., may be soaked in a diaper wash/sanitiser
container sodium percarbonate or a warm borax solution (1 Tbsp. : 1 c water), or
covered with a paste of cream of tartar and warm water. Leave half and hour or
until stain goes, then rinse well.
For persistent stains apply equal quantities of methylated spirits (wood alcohol)
and ammonia. Rinse well after treatment. This method is safe for all fabrics,
except triacetate (e.g. Tricel). Dilute mixture with an equal quantity of water for
fabrics with fugitive dyes. Old stains may be softened in glycerine before
treatment. Damp stain, apply glycerine, leave 1 - 2 hours, then add a few drops of
vinegar, leave 5 - 10 minutes and rinse well.

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Glues, Gums & Cellulose Adhesives Soaking in cool water will remove water-
soluble glues, e.g. casein glue. For waterproof varieties, use spirit solvent, e.g.
methylated spirits (wood alcohol) or amyl acetate (test before using on synthetic
fabrics). Artificial Nail glue can be removed used acetone (test on an inconspicuous
area first). Acetone evaporates quickly, so hold a wad of absorbant paper or soft
cloth against the glue, and soak the acetate through from the other side. (The glue
soaks on to the wad of absorbant)
Grass & Other Garden Foliage Soak in a solution of a chlorinated laundry
bleach or a diaper wash/sanitiser container sodium percarbonate. OR sponge with
methylated spirits (wood alcohol). Remove this with warm water and where
possible wash the article using Laundry powder or Liquid.
Ice Cream, Milk & Cream For washable materials, first sponge with lukewarm
water, then wash as usual. If the material is not washable, sponge with dry
cleaning fluid then with cold water.
Indelible Pencil Do not use water as this spreads the stain. Sponge over a pad of
soft cloth, using equal quantities of methylated spirits (wood alcohol) and
household ammonia (test coloured fabrics first). Should the colours run, try
methylated spirits (wood alcohol) alone. Rinse or sponge with warm water.
Ink Because INKS differ in composition it is impossible to find removers that are
equally effective for all types of ink spots. The following is a range of suggestions
from which you can choose. The best treatment we have discovered is using a
D'limonene based product. (read our notes on each product HERE), however,
General Instructions using D'Limonene are:-Dry the stained area. Mix together
3 parts dishwash liquid with 1 part of D'limonene. Soak the stained area in this
solution for 10-15 minutes. After the soak time, rinse in water as hot as is suitable
for the fabric, then wash as usual, but preferrably with a Laundry Liquid. This
treatment may require repeating. Other treatments you can try include the
following...
Ballpoint Pen Ink: First, saturate material with an alcohol-based hair spray (this
seems to be a very popular method). The alcohol content in the hair spray will
break up the ink. Be sure to place an absorbent paper towel or rag under the stain
to catch the excess. You then need to blot the stain with a rag. Repeat the process
until the stain is removed, then launder as usual. A word of caution before trying
this method: some fabrics may be damaged by the hair spray solution. If in doubt,
test on an inconspicuous area first, or consult with a professional dry cleaner.
Water Based Inks: Try an all-purpose cleaner instead of hair spray. Be sure to
place an absorbent paper towel or rag under the stain to catch the excess. You
then need to blot the stain with a rag. Repeat the process until the stain is
removed, then launder as usual. A word of caution before trying this method:
some fabrics may be damaged by the cleaning solution. If in doubt, test on an
inconspicuous area first, or consult with a professional dry cleaner.
NOTE: If the stain is still wet, apply an absorbent - french chalk, talcum powder,
starch or salt - to absorb excess ink and stop it from spreading. Continue this
treatment, removing the discoloured powder and applying fresh, until there no
further change is achieved. Alternatively, take up excess ink with blotting paper,
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pressing fresh patches of blotter into the stain until it no longer discolours. Then
treat as required.
These suggestions are also suitable for dried writing ink, ball point pen, or
marking ink. Soak the stain in "sour" milk - this is an old fashioned, but effective
method. Fresh milk also works, but sour milk is faster. Sponge or dip the stain in
equal quantities of methylated spirits (wood alcohol) and household ammonia (test
on coloured fabrics first). Rinse in warm water. Rinse again in warm water
containing a little ammonia, then finally in fresh water. Sponge with pure Dettol. If
not effective, try iso-propyl alcohol or dry cleaning fluid (from chemist).

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Self Check 5.3-3
I. How will you treat the following stains?
1. Deodorants & Antiperspirants

2. Ballpoint Pen Ink
3. Fruit Juices & Berries
4. Ice Cream, Milk & Cream
5. Coffee & Tea
6. Blood
7. Candle Wax
8. Chewing Gum
9. Glues, Gums & Cellulose Adhesives
10. Correction Fluid

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Answers Key 5.3-3
1. Deodorants & Antiperspirants- sponge dry fabric stain thoroughly with a
laundry pre-soak (spot stain remover) and warm water. Rinse. If some stain
remains, use a chlorinated laundry bleach or a diaper wash/sanitizer
container sodium percarbonate.
2. Ballpoint Pen Ink- First, saturate material with an alcohol-based hair spray
The alcohol content in the hair spray will break up the ink. Be sure to place
an absorbent paper towel or rag under the stain to catch the excess. You
then need to blot the stain with a rag. Repeat the process until the stain is
removed, then launder as usual.
3. Fruit Juices & Berries- Treat with cool water first and follow up, if
necessary, by soaking in a chlorinated laundry bleach or a diaper
wash/sanitizer container sodium percarbonate. Rinse.
4. Ice Cream, Milk & Cream- For washable materials, first sponge with
lukewarm water, then wash as usual. If the material is not washable,
sponge with dry cleaning fluid then with cold water.
5. Coffee & Tea-Remove fresh stains from cotton and linen materials by first
rinsing in warm water then pouring boiling water onto the stain. Follow by
washing in soapy water. If a trace remains, bleach in the sun.
6. Blood- If fresh, sponge with cool salted water and rinse with clear water.
Should stain persist, soak in a diaper wash/sanitiser from the supermarket
that contains sodium percarbonate - read the diaper wash/sanitiser label
for the chemical make-up of the product (may state sodium carbonate
peroxohydrate or oxygenated bleach).
7. Candle Wax- Candle wax and chewing gum can be effectively removed by
placing the object that has been stained into a freezer until the staining
agent is quite hard, and brittle, then the material can be literally shattered
off the object that has been stained.
8. Chewing Gum- Scrape away as much as possible first. Rubbing the stain
with ice will harden the gum and make this easier, especially on rugs and
other heavy materials. Refer further under
9. Glues, Gums & Cellulose Adhesives- Soaking in cool water will remove
water-soluble glues, e.g. casein glue. For waterproof varieties, use spirit
solvent, e.g. methylated spirits (wood alcohol) or amyl acetate (test before
using on synthetic fabrics). Artificial Nail glue can be removed used acetone
(test on an inconspicuous area first). Acetone evaporates quickly, so hold a
wad of absorbent paper or soft cloth against the glue, and soak the acetate
through from the other side. (The glue soaks on to the wad of absorbent)
10. Correction Fluid- Try a little gasoline on the stain, with some good
absorbent paper or old cloth behind it. Then use some dishwashing liquid or
a good quality laundry liquid to wash out the gasoline.

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Follow These Safety Precautions in handling Stain removal
While many stain removal, chemicals and bleaches are commonly used around the
home, they are still dangerous. Some are flammable; others are toxic. Here are
some rules to keep in mind regarding their use:
 Store stain removal materials out of the reach of children. Do not store with
food products.
recommendations.
 Use drycleaning solvents and other chemicals in a well-ventilated room.
 Never mix stain removal materials together (bleach and ammonia together
form toxic fumes).

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TASK SHEET 5.3-4
Title: Treating Stains
Performance Objective: Given a wash load with stain, you should be able to
follow the procedure in treating stains and practice occupational health and safety
in removing stains.
Supplies and Materials: stain remover
1. Blot up any excess liquid with a clean white cloth, paper, or other towels.
Remove excess solids by gentle scraping or chipping with a dull knife or
metal spatula. With some solids such as heavy amounts of surface mud
removal may be easier after the stain has dried. Excess can be brushed off
before the clothing is submerged for washing.
2. Avoid rubbing the stained area with a linty terry towel or a dark-colored
cloth. You may complicate the problem.
3. Never rub a fresh stain with bar soap. Soap sets many stains.
4. Decide if the fabric is washable or drycleanable. If drycleanable, take to the
cleaners as soon as possible (within 24 to 48 hours).
5. Do not try to treat suede, leather, or fur. Professional cleaners are needed
for these items, and even some professionals do not offer this service.
6. Avoid using hot water on stains of unknown origin. Hot water can set
protein stains such as milk, egg, or blood.
7. Test stains removal agents on a seam or hidden area of the garment to be
sure it does not affect the color or finish of the fabric before starting on the
stain.
8. Avoid excessive rubbing unless fabric is tough and durable. Rubbing can
spread the stain and damage the fiber, finish, or color.
9. Do not iron or press stained fabrics. Heat will set most stains.
10. Check laundry for stains before washing. Many stains need
pretreatment.
11. Inspect wet laundry before drying to be sure stain has been removed.
If a stain is still evident, do not dryer dry. The heat of drying will tend to
make the stain more permanent.
12. Wash heavily soiled items separately. During laundering soil is broken
into smaller particles and can be redeposited on cleaner clothing if
insufficient detergent is used, water temperature is too,low, washing time
too long, or washer is overloaded with too many clothes.

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TASK SHEET 5.3-4
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you……….
1. Blot up any excess liquid with a clean white cloth, paper, or

other towels?
2. Avoid rubbing the stained area with a linty terry towel or a
dark-colored cloth?
3. Not rub a fresh stain with bar soap?
4. Avoid using hot water on stains of unknown origin.
5. Test stain removal agents on a seam or hidden area of the

garment to be sure it does not affect the color or finish of the
fabric before starting on the stain?
6. Avoid excessive rubbing unless fabric is tough and durable?
7. Check wet laundry before drying to be sure stain has been

removed?
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Principles and Procedure in Drying Clothes
to;
1. Follow the principles and procedure in drying clothes.
PROCEDURE:
Drying with Dryers:

Supplies and Materials needed: Drying Machine
1. Check the condition of the washing machine before using. Test whether it is
in working condition. Keep clean the lint screen and drier drum.
2. Put into machine just enough quantity of linen such that it will not occupy
the whole drier drum.
Over loading causes uneven drying and wrinkling and can damage the
machine.
3. Select the right drying cycle and setting
 Automatic for towels and linens which do not require pressing or are
not hard to press.
 Damp Dry for flat sheets, pillow cases, items which requires hard
pressing.
 Fluff Air Cycles to prevent shrinkage, especially for bed pads,
comforters and blankets.
4. Strictly follow manual instructions of the machine.
5. Clean the machine after using and proper storage is required.
Principles in Sun drying Clothes, linen and Fabrics
1. Separate clothes, linen and fabrics which are sundry or machine dry.
2. Sundry items to the clothesline; hanger for clothes, clothesline for linens.
3. Fluff towels and linens to prevent shrinkage.
4. Always refer to the clothes, linen and fabric’s specification in drying.

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Self Check 5.3-5
TRUE OR FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the
statement is wrong
4. Never refer to the clothes, linen and fabric’s specification in drying.

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Answer Key 5.3-5
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE

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JOB SHEET 5.3-5
Title: Principles and Procedure in drying clothes
Follow the principles and procedure in drying clothes.
Supplies and Materials: Clothes, linen and fabrics, clothesline
1. Check the condition of the washing machine before using. Test whether it is
in working condition. Keep clean the lint screen and drier drum.
2. Put into machine just enough quantity of linen such that it will not occupy
the whole drier drum.
a. Over loading causes uneven drying and wrinkling and can damage the
machine.
 Automatic for towels and linens which do not require pressing or are
not hard to press.
 Damp Dry for flat sheets, pillow cases, items which requires hard
pressing.
 Fluff Air Cycles to prevent shrinkage, especially for bed pads,
comforters and blankets.

4. Always refer to the clothes, linen and fabric’s specification in drying.

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OPERATION SHEET 5.3-5
CRITERIA YES NO
1. The condition of the washing machine was check before using.
2. Enough quantity of linen was put into machine
3. Didn’t over load the machine that causes uneven drying and
wrinkling and can damage the machine.

1. Separate clothes, linen and fabrics which are sundry
2. Sundry items to the clothesline; hanger for clothes,

clothesline for linens.
4. Refer to the clothes, linen and fabric’s specification in

drying.
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Tips in Ironing and Pressing Clothes
Learning Objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET you must be able
to;
1. Discuss reminders in ironing and pressing clothes linen and fabrics.
Ironing Clothes - The Easy Way

After you have chosen the right iron for yourself, it is now time to learn ironing the
easy way. Most people do not enjoy ironing clothes. However, the reluctance of
many to iron clothes is simply caused by a failure of understanding how to iron
clothes properly. Here are a few steps just for you:
 Always ensure that you use an ironing board to iron your clothes.
 Before you ever begin to iron, always follow the instructions that are given in
the garment. And adjust the settings in the iron appropriately.
 Use high heat for cotton and linen. Cotton mixes and wool are ironed on a
medium level. Use a low setting for silk, nylon, polyester, and other like
fabrics.
 If you are using a steam iron, make sure there is the proper amount of water
inside.
 When you actually begin to iron, take your time to ensure the garment has
been stretched flat across the ironing board. This will save you some time in
terms of re-ironing wrinkles that you put in.
 Always remember to keep the iron moving. Stopping at any point could burn
your clothing.
 When ironing shirts always pay special attention to collars and the sleeves.
 If you plan to iron pants, then put the pants legs parallel to the board, with
both of them headed in the same direction. Iron each leg without damaging
the current creases.
 Spray some perfume to make you clothes smell good before ironing.
Ironing clothes is really a delicate process. But you can make it enjoyable by
learning the right tricks.

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Tips for crease free clothes for office
Keeping oneself neat and good looking especially to office is very important. Most
offices today have formal dress codes during the weekdays. Ironing of clothes is an
important task here. Clothes look untidy and old if not ironed, especially cotton,
linen and other similar fabrics. Here are examples of a few fabrics and how to
manage them:
Cotton: Cotton fabrics should be dried flat and not wrung to retain its original
shape. Iron cotton clothes in high temperature.
Linen: Linen is a natural material and can easily get misshapen when wet. To
restore the garment to its original shape, iron it with a hot steam iron. To keep its
sheen, iron the garment on the reverse side.
Viscose: Viscose is a natural material and can easily get misshapen when wet. To
restore the garment easily to its original shape, iron it with a steam iron.
Silk: Silk is a very delicate material and should be treated with care. Use a
detergent for delicates when washing silk and do not stretch the garment while
wet. Use the lowest temperature to iron silk fabrics.
Wool: Often, airing woolen garments is enough. Use a detergent for delicates when
you do wash them. Iron after washing to restore the natural sheen.

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Self Check 5.3-6
I. Indicate the temperature of the flat iron of the following clothes, linen and
fabrics in pressing or ironing.
1. Cotton -
2. Linen -
3. Viscose -
4. Silk-
5. Wool -

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Answer key 5.2-6
1. Cotton: high temperature.

2. Linen: hot steam iron
3. Viscose: iron it with a steam iron.
4. Silk: lowest temperature
5. Wool Iron in medium level

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Ironing Clothes
to;
1. Follow the procedure in ironing clothes (Dress/Polo shirts)
PROPER WAY OF IRONING:
Dresses/Shirts
 Iron the decoration collar, belt and sleeves first before ironing the body of
the dress, these parts may be ironed again to smooth out the wrinkles
which may have formed when the other parts of the dress were being
ironed. You may spray with ironing aid for easy ironing the clothes.
PROCEDURE:
1. Iron the collar from the pointed end to the center.
2. Sleeves are ironed starting from the seam to the lower portion and upward.

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3. Insert the shoulder of the dress at the end portion of the ironing board and
iron it. Press also the arm hole of the garment.
4. Insert the whole dress into the ironing board and iron the wrist line. Press
first the front part before the back part of the garment.
5. Pull the garment downward and press the skirt, iron the hem of the dress
carefully.
6. Go over the parts which are wrinkled. 7. Place garment on hanger; close
only one button.

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TASK SHEET 5.3-5
Title: Ironing clothes
Performance Objective: Given a clothes (Dress or polo shirts), you should be able
to follow the procedure in ironing clothes.
Supplies and Materials: Clothes, linen and fabrics, clothesline
Equipment: Flat iron, ironing board, sprayer
1. Iron the collar from the pointed end to the center.
2. Sleeves are ironed starting from the seam to the lower portion and upward.
3. Insert the shoulder of the dress at the end portion of the ironing board and
iron it. Press also the arm hole of the garment.
4. Insert the whole dress into the ironing board and iron the wrist line. Press
first the front part before the back part of the garment.
5. Pull the garment downward and press the skirt, iron the hem of the dress
carefully.
6. Go over the parts which are wrinkled.
7. Place garment on hanger; close only one button.

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TASK SHEET 5.3-5
CRITERIA YES NO
1. Collar was ironed from the pointed end to the center.
2. Sleeves are ironed starting from the seam to the lower

portion and upward.
3. Shoulder of the dress is inserted at the end portion of the

ironing board and iron including the arm hole of the
garment.
4. Pressed first the front part before the back part of the
garment.
5. The skirt and hem was ironed carefully.
6. Checked the clothes if there are still wrinkled.
7. The garment was hang on a hanger one button closed
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Ironing Long Sleeves
Learning Objective: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET, you must be able
to;
1. Follow the procedure in ironing long sleeves
Procedure:
1. Iron the collar

Start with the underside of the collar, working from the center out to the points to
avoid creasing. Flip the shirt over, and repeat on the outside of the collar.
Tip: Always put your iron on the recommended setting for the shirt's material
(cotton, linen, poly-blend). When in doubt, use the lowest setting.
2. Iron the shoulders

Secure one shoulder over the narrow end of the board and iron from the yoke (the
point where the collar meets the arm and the body of the shirt) to the center of the
back. Repeat on the other shoulder.
Tip: Spray hard-to-smooth wrinkles with a little water, then iron over the area
again.

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3. Iron the cuffs and sleeves
Lay one sleeve flat on the board with buttons or cuff-link holes facing up. Iron the
inside of the cuff first, then flip the sleeve over to iron the outside of the cuff. Next,
iron the sleeve, beginning with the front side. Repeat with the other sleeve.
4. Iron the front and back

Iron both front panels, then flip the shirt over and iron the back. Use a spritz of
water for any stubborn wrinkles.
5. Iron between the buttons
Next, tackle the placket (the panel where the buttons are). Take care to iron
between the buttons; ironing over them can break buttons or scratch your iron's
plate.
Tip: Hang the shirt immediately after ironing to keep new wrinkles from forming (and
don't forget to unplug your iron).

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TASK SHEET 5.3-6
Title: Ironing long sleeves
Performance Objective: Given a clothes (Long sleeves ), you should be able to
follow the procedure in ironing long sleeves
Supplies and Materials: Long sleeves, hanger
1. Iron the collar
2. Iron the shoulders
3. Iron the cuffs and sleeves
4. Iron the front and back
5. Iron between the buttons

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TASK SHEET 5.3-6
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you….
1. Follow the procedure in ironing the collar?
2. Follow the procedure ironing the shoulders?
3. Follow the procedure in ironing the cuffs and sleeves?
4. Follow the procedure in ironing the front and back?
5. Follow the procedure in ironing between the buttons?
6. Hang the clothes with one button closed?

Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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HOW TO IRON A PAIR OF PANTS

STEP 1:
Iron pockets
Turn pants wrong side out. Place or
hold pockets over tapered end of
ironing board and iron.
STEP 2:
Iron Top Sections
Iron wrong side out. Position top of pants
around tapered end of ironing board.
Start by ironing the placket as shown in
photo. Rotate pants around the board
toward you as you iron (top section,
waistband, top section, waistband, etc.)
Iron in the direction of the waistband,
pressing each dart in the direction it is
sewn down at the waistband (normally
toward center of back / front).
STEP 3:
Iron Pant Legs. ***No Crease***
Seam Definitions
Photo at left is an overlock seam. It has
a margin that you can grab.
Directly below the overlock seam is a
flat-fell seam. These are sewn flat with
no margin to grab. It is common to see
an overlock seam on an outside pant
leg and a flat-fell seam on the inner leg.

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If one of the seams is a flat fell seam, iron next
to it first. Lay pant leg on ironing board so that
the flat fell seam is two or three inches from the
edge of the pant leg as shown. This is so that it
is not laying directly over the seam underneath.
Iron a couple inches of fabric on both sides of
the seam, nestling the iron up to the seam, but
not on top of it. Be careful not to crease the
edge, but if you cannot avoid this, you can iron
it out when you iron the other seam.
For an overlock seam, position pants leg on

ironing board with the overlock seam closest to
you. Because pants are fuller in the back, it is
necessary to smooth the extra fabric away from
this seam so that you have a smooth surface to
iron. Make sure there are no wrinkles
underneath. Allow opposite leg to hang over the
side. Iron as much fabric as possible without
creasing opposite edge. If the other seam is also
an overlock seam, flip pants over and repeat
this step.
Inspect seams for twisting and iron flat in the

directions that they are sewn down at hem.
This step is optional; however pants will hang
better.
STEP 4:
Iron Pant Legs - *** Crease ***

In the construction of garments, many times
several layers of sections are stacked and cut
together. There can be a variance from the top
piece and the bottom if matched together.
When purchasing a quality pair of pants, they
should measure the same amount across each
leg. You can inspect this by folding legs
together and then smoothing the fabric from
one seam to the other. Any difference will

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cause problems in getting a nice center crease.
Pants which are purchased can also sometimes

be improperly aligned at the time of setting that
factory crease. When purchasing a quality pair
of pants, align the seams at the hem and
determine if the crease is symmetrical, that it
leads to either a pleat, belt loop, or center back.
There is no set guide because different styles
have varying fullness. You likely will notice
anything obviously wrong. Certain treatments
are given to purchase clothing to give garments
that crisp look. After a few washings, these
properties can diminish. To make the most of
your investment, follow care labels when
laundering. Sizing and starches offer a great
benefit. Follow their manufacturer directions.
While holding the hem so that the seams stay

aligned, grab the top of the pant either at a pleat
for pleated pants, belt loops or center back for
plain front pants. Place one leg on the ironing
board with the other leg resting over Extension
Arm as shown.
Feel the pant leg along seam line making sure

that the two seams are directly on top of each
other. It is often necessary to pinch one
thickness of the fabric at opposite sides and
opposite layers and shift it until the seams
match. Press using a burst of steam feature if
your iron has one. Start at the hem and work
toward the seat. When finished with one leg,
place other on top, remove, reverse, and repeat
for other leg. Hang on pant hanger that has
enough roundness to minimize a crosswise

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crease OR hang from hem.

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TASK SHEET 5.3-7
Title: Ironing Pair of pants

Performance Objective: Given a a pair of pants, you should be able to follow
the procedure in ironing pants.
Supplies and Materials: Pair of pants, hanger
1. Iron pockets Turn pants wrong side out. Place or hold pockets over
tapered end of ironing board and iron.
2. Iron Top Sections. Iron wrong side out. Position top of pants around
tapered end of ironing board. Start by ironing the placket.
3. Rotate pants around the board toward you as you iron (top section,
waistband, top section, waistband, etc.) Iron in the direction of the
waistband, pressing each dart in the direction it is sewn down at the
waistband
4. Iron Pant Legs. Lay pant leg on ironing board so that the flat fell seam
is two or three inches from the edge of the pant leg. Iron a couple
inches of fabric on both sides of the seam, nestling the iron up to the
seam, but not on top of it. Be careful not to crease the edge, but if you
cannot avoid this, you can iron it out when you iron the other seam.
5. While holding the hem so that the seams stay aligned, grab the top of
the pant either at a pleat for pleated pants, belt loops or center back for
plain front pants. Place one leg on the ironing board with the other leg
resting over Extension Arm.
6. Feel the pant leg along seam line making sure that the two seams are
directly on top of each other. It is often necessary to pinch one
thickness of the fabric at opposite sides and opposite layers and shift it
until the seams match. Press using a burst of steam feature if your iron
has one.
7. Start at the hem and work toward the seat. When finished with one leg,
place other on top, remove, reverse, and repeat for other leg. Hang on
pant hanger that has enough roundness to minimize a crosswise crease
or hang from hem.

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TASK SHEET 5.3-9
CRITERIA YES NO
 Pockets and waist band are properly ironed
 Ironed seams correctly
 Seams are stay aligned
 No double creases on legs

Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Ironing Pleated Skirts
to;
1. Follow the procedure in Ironing pleated skirts
Procedure:
1. Slide the skirt onto the ironing board with the waist at the narrow
end. Arrange group of pleats and hold in place or pin to the board as
you iron in long strokes from top to bottom. Don’t iron over pins. Start
by ironing the waistband and work down to where the pleats begin.
Rotate the skirt around the ironing board until you come full circle.
2. Straighten the pleats flat against the ironing board, stretching the
material taut with your hand. If they are too wrinkled or unruly, use
straight pins to secure several pleats at a time directly to the board.

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3. Starting at the hemline of the skirt, slide the iron upward toward the
waistband, one pleat at a time.
4. Raise the iron a few inches above each pleat and shoot a burst of
steam. Allow each pleat to cool on the board before continuing on to
next pleat. This will ensure that the previously ironed pleat is not re-
wrinkled.
5. Hang the skirt on a pants hanger by the waistline in a dry area. Allow
it to completely dry from the ironing and steaming before wearing.

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TASK SHEET 5.3-8
Title: Ironing pleated skirts
Performance Objective: Given a pleated skirts, you should be able to follow the
procedure in ironing pleated skirts
Supplies and Materials: Pleated skirts, hanger
1. Slide the skirt onto the ironing board with the waist at the narrow end.
Arrange group of pleats and hold in place or pin to the board as you iron in
long strokes from top to bottom. Don’t iron over pins. Start by ironing the
waistband and work down to where the pleats begin. Rotate the skirt
around the ironing board until you come full circle.
2. Straighten the pleats flat against the ironing board, stretching the material
taut with your hand. If they are too wrinkled or unruly, use straight pins to
secure several pleats at a time directly to the board.
3. Starting at the hemline of the skirt, slide the iron upward toward the
waistband, one pleat at a time.
4. Raise the iron a few inches above each pleat and shoot a burst of steam.
Allow each pleat to cool on the board before continuing on to next pleat.
This will ensure that the previously ironed pleat is not re-wrinkled.
5. Hang the skirt on a pants hanger by the waistline in a dry area. Allow it to
completely dry from the ironing and steaming before wearing.

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TASK SHEET 5.3-8
CRITERIA YES NO
 Pleats are in original position
 No double creases
 Hanged carefully
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Ironing Sequined Garments
to;
1. Follow the procedure in ironing sequined garments.
PROCEDURE:
1. Turn the item inside out and place it carefully on the ironing board with the
sequins (beads) faced down on the towel. Put a pressing cloth on top and
press with the iron on gentle setting.
Ironing a Gown
1. Empty all water from the iron. Any water that leaks out could leave a mark
on the gown.
2. Set iron to a medium heat with no steam.
3. Lay a thick towel on the ironing board if your dress has any decoration on it
such as beading or lace.
4. Turn the gown inside out and lay it on the ironing board. Or, you can leave
the gown right-side out and lay a clean piece of white cloth between the
gown and the iron.
5. Press the bodice.
6. Press the sleeves. Wear a pressing mitt and slide your hand into the sleeve.
Iron the sleeve against the mitt. If you don't have a pressing mitt, you can
use a clean hot pad instead.
7. Stuff tissue paper into the sleeves to help them remain wrinkle-free if you
don't plan on wearing it soon.
8. Press the skirt.
9. Hang the gown in a doorway a safe place to keep it wrinkle-free. If you need
to transport the gown, place it in a garment bag.

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Ironing Velvet
1. Hang the gown inside out.
2. Use a steamer or the steam setting on an iron.
3. Test a small area first using the following steps.
4. Hold the iron or steamer about half an inch from the fabric. Remember, you
will be steaming the back of the velvet.
5. Wave the iron or steamer over the fabric slowly.
6. Inspect both sides of the fabric. If there is no damage, continue steaming
small sections of the velvet.

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TASK SHEET 5.3-9
Title: Ironing beaded or sequined garments
Performance Objective: Given a beaded garments , you should be able to follow
the procedure in ironing beaded/sequined garments
Supplies and Materials: sequined garments, hanger
1. Turn the item inside out and place it carefully on the ironing board with
the sequins (beads) faced down on the towel.
2. Put a pressing cloth on top and press with the iron on gentle setting.

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TASK SHEET 5.3-9
CRITERIA YES NO
 Ironed dress with beads correctly
 Used towel to iron beaded part
 No damage on beads
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Types of Hangers and Their Uses
to;
1. Identify types of hangers and their uses.
Hangers are great for keeping clothing off the floor, but they can protect your
clothes from damage as well. Different types are used for different purposes.
Hangers with wire hooks and wooden bodies are usually used for hanging more
substantial items such as pants, jackets, or suits. Some are even curved to keep
the lines of sports coats, blazers, and jackets smooth. There are hangers that come
with a clip on each end that are perfect for hanging skirts or slacks. This style can
also be used for hanging strapless items.
Padded hangers are perfect for hanging delicate clothing or lingerie. Usually
covered in satin or velvet, padded hangers are also available in scented varieties.
They are a practical, pretty way to replace sachets in your closet and keep clothing
smelling fresh.
There are even specially designed hangers for ties, scarves, belts and other
accessories. Tie hangers are usually constructed from wood with several clips
lined up across the lower rung so ties can be hung up easily. Belt hangers are
similar in design, with hooks instead of clips, to help keep belts in place. Scarf
hangers are often made from wood with several holes drilled through the body of
the hanger; scarves are simply slipped through the holes.
Mini hangers are available in metal and wire, coated wire, wood, or plastic, and
they are designed especially for hanging children's clothing. They come in many
colors, and using different colors is a great way to help children learn how to sort
their clothes. For example, red can be used for short-sleeved shorts, while blue
might indicate long sleeves or sweaters.

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Top 7 Styles of Hangers and Their Uses
1. Plastic Hangers Commercial plastic hangers are generally available in white,

black or clear plastic. The quality will run from lightweight, almost flimsy, plastic
to the super heavyweight. It use for clothing that are to be put in the dresser.
3. Metal or wire hangers are great for everyday use, but you should not use metal
or wire hangers to hang damp clothing up to dry. The wire can rust and leave
stains on your clothing. Instead, you would probably choose plastic, or coated
wire hangers, which are treated with a vinyl coating to protect your garments;
some even have a non-slip surface to keep delicate items from sliding off the
hanger. For dry garments.
4. Wooden HangersClassic wood hangers are available in a natural finish with

chrome hardware or the higher end teak wood with brass hardware. Wood
hanger styles include coat hangers with or without wooden bars, hangers with
metal rods or lock bars on a spring to prevent pants from sliding.
5. Tubular Hangers All-purpose tubular molded hangers are the type also
available to consumers and found in many homes. They come in a large variety of
colors. Using colored hangers may increase sales appeal.
6. Padded Hangers
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Not only does a cloth covered hanger protect delicate garments, the padded hanger
is usually covered with satin and therefore a pretty way to display lingerie or other
clothing. The padding helps to prevent slipping and assists in preserving the
shape of the garment.
7. Specialty Hangers
Notched hangers are perfect for items with straps. Skirt/slacks hangers have
metal or plastic clips on a metal rod which prevent sliding. Another type of
specialty hanger is the salesman’s hanger. These strong, chrome hangers feature a
space-saving style and are ideal for trade-shows or salespeople transporting
garments.
7. Hanger Accessories
Hanger markers, cardboard tubes and other hanger accessories help retailers keep
their merchandise neat and tidy while creating an appealing display. Instead of
purchasing different types of specialty hangers, piggyback connectors can be used
on most any hanger to allow two garments to be displayed together. Soft plastic
clips can attach easily to most hangers with notched tops. Also, foam hanger
covers or strips can be placed on most any plastic or wooden hanger to prevent
items from slipping
Self Check 5.3-12

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State what kind of hanger and their uses in the picture below:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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Answer key 5.3-12
1. Padded hanger for lingerie

2. Plastic hanger for dresses
3. Specialty hanger for pants and linens
4. Specialty hanger or notch for straps for women
5. Metal hanger for skirts or pants

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Folding Long Sleeves
Learning Objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET, you must be able to;
1. Follow the procedure in folding long sleeve shirts.
Shirt folding board method for long sleeve shirts:
1. Button shirt. Spread shirt face 2. Fold left sleeve across the board. Use
down on a smooth surface. Center the Folding Board's edge as the fold
folding board below the shirt's back guide.
collar.
3 Angle left sleeve fold along shirt’s 4. Fold right sleeve across the board.
body.
5. Angle right sleeve along shirt’s 6. Fold tail upward, below the
body. shoulders.
7. Remove the shirt folding board 8. Flip shirt over. Bingo! A crisp fold,
from the fold. every time.
Self –Check 5.3-10
TRUE or FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the
statement is incorrect.
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1. Spread shirt face down on a smooth surface.
2. Fold tail downward, below the shoulders.
3. Fold right sleeve across the board.
4. You can fold shirt unbuttoned

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Answer Key 5.3-10
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE

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TASK SHEET 5.3-10
Title: Folding long sleeves shirts
Performance Objective: Given a long sleeves shirts , you should be able to follow
the procedure in folding long sleeves shirts
Supplies and Materials: long sleeves shirts, hanger, sprayer
Equipment: Flat iron, ironing board
1. Button shirt. Spread shirt face down on a smooth surface. Center folding
board below the shirt's back collar.
2. Fold left sleeve across the board. Use the Folding Board's edge as the fold
guide.
3. Angle left sleeve fold along shirt’s body.
5. Angle right sleeve along shirt’s body.
6. Fold tail upward, below the shoulders.
7. Remove the shirt folding board from the fold.
8. Flip shirt over.

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TASK SHEET 5.3-10
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you……
1. Button shirt?
2. Spread shirt face down on a smooth surface?
3. Fold left sleeve across the board?
4. Angle left sleeve fold along shirt’s body?

5. Fold right sleeve across the board?
6. Angle right sleeve along shirt’s body?

7. Fold tail upward, below the shoulders?
8. Remove the shirt folding board from the fold?
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Folding a Shirt
Learning Objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able
to;
1. Follow the procedure in folding a shirt.
Fold a shirt in the same manner as a professional laundry. This will keep your
shirt in great condition and makes it easy to place on the shelves for storage
before wearing.
STEPS
1. Button the top button and the third button.

2. Lay the shirt face-down on the folding surface. You should be looking at the
back of your shirt.
3. Smooth out any puckers or wrinkles, so the shirt is flat front and back.
4. The first fold is the right side. Fold about one-third of the body toward the
center of the shirt. The fold line starts at the center of the shoulder and ends at
the tail. You should see the back of your shirt with about one-third of the front
folded to the back.
5. Neatly fold the sleeve forward, creating an angled fold at the shoulder. The
sleeve should line up with the edge of the first body fold.
6. Fold the left side in the same manner.
7. Make a fold of several inches of the shirt tail.
8. Fold up the bottom half of the partially folded shirt. The tail should be just
behind the collar of the shirt now.
9. Turn the entire shirt over. You should have a neatly folded shirt as you
typically see at a professional laundry or clothing store.

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Self Check 5.3-15
1. If you fold the sleeve of the shirt you should line up with the edge of
the first body fold.
2. You should be looking at the back of your shirt if you fold it.
3. In folding a shirt you should first fold the left side.
4. The fold line starts at the center of the shoulder and ends at the tail.

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Answer Key 5.3-15
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE

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TASK SHEET 5.3-12
Title: Folding a shirt
Performance Objective: Given a shirt, you should be able to follow the
procedure in folding a shirt
Supplies and Materials: shirts, hanger, sprayer
Equipment:
1. Lay the shirt face-down on the folding surface. You should be looking at the
back of your shirt.
2. Smooth out any puckers or wrinkles, so the shirt is flat front and back.
3. The first fold is the right side. Fold about one-third of the body toward the
center of the shirt. The fold line starts at the center of the shoulder and ends
at the tail. You should see the back of your shirt with about one-third of the
front folded to the back.
4. Neatly fold the sleeve forward, creating an angled fold at the shoulder. The
sleeve should line up with the edge of the first body fold.
5. Fold the left side in the same manner.
6. Make a fold of several inches of the shirt tail.
7. Fold up the bottom half of the partially folded shirt. The tail should be just
behind the collar of the shirt now.
8. Turn the entire shirt over. You should have a neatly folded shirt as you
typically see at a professional laundry or clothing store.

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TASK SHEET 5.3-12
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you…..
1. Lay the shirt face-down on the folding surface. You should be
looking at the back of your shirt?
2. Smooth out any puckers or wrinkles, so the shirt is flat front
and back?
3. Fold the right side at about one-third of the body toward the
center of the shirt?
4. Neatly fold the sleeve forward, creating an angled fold at the
shoulder?
5. Fold the left side in the same manner?

6. Make a fold of several inches of the shirt tail?
7. Fold up the bottom half of the partially folded shirt?
8. Turn the entire shirt over and a neatly folded shirt?
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

Folding a Pair of Pants
Learning Objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET YOU MUST, be

able to;
1. Follow the procedure in folding a pair of pants.
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To store pants neatly in drawers - without all the wrinkles - line up the seams and
stack pants neatly.
Instructions
1. Lay pants face-up on flat
surface.
2. Fold lengthwise so that

outer and inner seams and
cuffs are lined up.
3. Fold up bottom of cuff up to

top of back pocket.
4. Fold up once more, bringing

the bottom of the fold to the
top of that back pocket
Self Check 5.3-14
1. Give the procedure in folding a pair of pants.

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Answer Key 5.3-14
1. Lay pants face-up on flat surface.

2. Fold lengthwise so that outer and inner seams and cuffs are lined up.
3. Fold up bottom of cuff up to top of back pocket.
4. Fold up once more, bringing the bottom of the fold to the top of that back
pocket

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TASK SHEET 5.3-11
Title: Folding a pair of pants
Performance Objective: Given a a pair of pants , you should be able to follow the
procedure in folding pants
Supplies and Materials: ladies pants or men’s pants, hanger, sprayer
Equipment:
1. Lay pants face-up on flat surface.
2. Fold lengthwise so that outer and inner seams and cuffs are lined up.
3. Fold up bottom of cuff up to top of back pocket.
4. Fold up once more, bringing the bottom of the fold to the top of that back
pocket

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TASK SHEET 5.3-14
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you…….
1. Lay pants face-up on flat surface?
2. Fold lengthwise so that outer and inner seams and cuffs
are lined up?
3. Fold up bottom of cuff up to top of back pocket?
4. Fold up once more, bringing the bottom of the fold to the
top of that back pocket?
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________
LEARNING OUTCOME # 4 PACKAGE AND STORE LAUNDRY ITEMS

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CONTENTS:
1. Procedures in packaging and presenting guest laundry
2. Procedures in storing guest laundry in accordance with establishment
standards or guest request
3. Delivery of laundry items
4. Basic housekeeping phraseologies
1. Guest laundry is packaged and presented in accordance with
establishment standards and procedures
2. Finished items are returned to guest in accordance with required
timeframes
3. Processed guest laundry is stored where required, according to guest
requests or where return to guest is not possible
CONDITION:
2. EQUIPMENTS
flat iron
steam pressers
ironing board
sorting shelves
3. TOOLS
labeller
hangers
laundry baskets
pen and paper
report forms
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
Observation
Interview
Written examination
Demonstration of practical skills
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Learning Outcome 3: PACKAGE AND STORE LAUNDRY ITEMS
Special Instructions
 Read information sheets 5.4-1 If you have some problem on the
on content of the information sheet, don’t
Packaging and presenting guest
laundry If you feel that you are now
Answer self check 5.4-1 Compare answer with the answer key

activities
 Read the information sheet 5.4-2 If you have some problem on the
on content of the information sheet, don’t
Delivery of laundry items If you feel that you are now
Answer self check 5.4-2 Compare answer with the answer key

activities
Procedure in storing guest laundry
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 Answer Self check 5.4-3 Compare answer with the answer key

activities

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Packaging and presenting guest laundry
Learning objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET, you must be

able to;
1. Follow the procedure in packaging and presenting guest laundry.
Procedure:
1. Fold all processed laundry Items. Hang those that need to be hanged.
Cover it with plastic cover
2. Record all finished items for delivery and note down damages if any
3. Deliver all items and have the records acknowledged by the guard on
duty at the laundry area.

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Self Check 5.4-1
1. Why do you cover plastic the processed laundry items?
2. Why do we need to note damages if any?

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Answer key 5.4-1
1. To prevent dust that will contaminate the item.

2. To avoid complaints of guest

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TASK SHEET 5.4-1
Title: Procedure in Packaging and presenting guest laundry
Performance Objective: Given a guest laundry you must be able to follow the
procedure in packaging and presenting guest laundry.
Supplies and Materials: Several dresses
Equipment: Laundry cart
1. Fold all processed laundry Items. Hang those that need to be hanged. Cover
it with plastic cover
2. Record all finished items for delivery and note down damages if any
3. Deliver all items and have the records acknowledged by the guard on duty at
the laundry area.

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JOB SHEET 5.3-2
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you…..
1. Neatly folded delivery items?
2. Hang items properly before presenting to the guest?
3. Record finished items and damages, if any?
4. Follow safety procedures in delivering guest laundry?
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Delivery of laundry items
to;
1. Follow the procedure in delivering laundry items.
Procedure:
1. Delivery of the laundry items is depends on cash or to be charge in the
hotel bills. If the guest is on cash basis, laundry clerk prepares a voucher to be
attached to the item for billing. Refer to Laundry voucher form. Payment must be
made upon delivery of the items. If it is charge to hotel bills, the voucher will be
attached to his hotel folder bills to be settled later.
MIT MINI HOTEL
LAUNDRY VOUCHER
Voucher No. 1
(Partial list of items only)
Name Guest: Room No. Date/Time:
Mr. Juan Dela Cruz 203 September 30, 2006. 8:30 AM
Guest Hotel Articles Price Total Damages if any
Count Count Amount
FOR PRESSING (partial list)
2 2 Suit 35.00 70.00
2 2 Trousers 40.00 80.00
1 1 Jacket 35.00 35.00
2 2 Barong Tagalog 50.00 100.00
3 3 Shirt Long Sleeves 50.00 150.00
2 2 Sport Shirt 45.00 90.00
1 1 Vest 25.00 25.00
1 1 Necktie 5.00 5.00
FOR WASHING OR DRY CLEANING
2 2 Suit 35.00 70.00
2 2 Trousers 35.00 70.00
1 1 Jacket 25.00 25.00
2 2 Barong Tagalog 20.00 40.00
2 2 Sport shirt 20.00 20.00
1 1 Vest 10.00 10.00
1 1 Necktie 5.00 5.00
Remarks or instructions Total P _795.00
from guest Extra charge ________
Suit (Dry Cleaning) Sub Total ________
Trousers (Dry Cleaning Sales tax ________
Barong Tagalog (Hand Service charge 10 % __79.50
wash) Total Charge P 874.50
The rest are for machine
wash.
Legend: Yellow colored- Filled up by Guest

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2. The processed items will be delivered to the guest. If the guest is around, he
is asked to sign in the delivery logbook for acknowledgment. Then the bill
will be presented to him for settlement.
3. If the guest is not around, the housekeeping supervisor acknowledged by

signing in the logbook.
4. If the room is on “Do not Disturb” sign (DND) and said item is on special
service, a notification is placed in the guest’s room through the door,
(another copy to the front office) notifying him that an attempt to deliver his
laundry was made while he is on DND.
5. Undelivered items are brought back to the laundry area to be redelivered

upon arrival of the guest.

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Self Check 5.4-2
1. Payment of laundered items can be paid in cash or check upon delivery.

3. Undelivered items are kept at the front desk.
4. If the room is on DND sign the said item is on special service

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Answer Key 5.4-2
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE

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JOB SHEET 5.4-2
Title: Delivery of laundry items
procedure in delivery of laundry items.
Equipment: Laundry cart
1. Prepare voucher to be attached to the item for billing, if the guest is on cash
basis.
2. If it is charge to hotel bills, the voucher will be attached to his hotel folder
bills to be settled later.
3. The processed items will be delivered to the guest. If the guest is around, he
is asked to sign in the delivery logbook for acknowledgment. Then the bill
will be presented to him for settlement

5. If the room is on “Do not Disturb” sign (DND) and said item is on special
service, a notification is placed in the guest’s room through the door,
(another copy to the front office) notifying him that an attempt to deliver his
laundry was made while he is on DND.
6. Undelivered items are brought back to the laundry area to be redelivered

upon arrival of the guest.

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JOB SHEET 5.4-2
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you……
 Checked delivery items if cash basis or not?
 Asked the guest to sign in the delivery logbook for
acknowledgment, if the guest is around?
 Returned finish items to guest in accordance with required
timeframes?
 Stored processed guest laundries according to guest requests?
 Filled the guest laundry voucher.
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Laundry Voucher Form
MIT MINI HOTEL

LAUNDRY VOUCHER
Voucher No. 1
(Partial list of items only)
Name Guest: Room No. Date/Time:
Guest Hotel Articles Price Total Damages if any

Count Count Amount
FOR PRESSING (partial list)
FOR WASHING OR DRY CLEANING
Remarks or Total P ________

instructions from Extra charge ________
guest Sub Total ________
Sales tax ________
(Dry Cleaning) Service charge 10 % ________
(Dry Cleaning Total Charge P ________
_________ (Hand wash)
.
Legend: Yellow colored- Filled up by Guest

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Storing Guest Laundry
Learning Objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET, you must be

able to;
1. Follow the procedure in storing guest laundry.
Procedure
1. Hang like Items Together- Pants should hang in their own respective
section, as should tops. Likewise, women should group skirts together
and hang dresses in a section closest to the wall. For both men and
women, suit pieces should hang together in a section for suits. Use
sturdy hangers designed specifically to hang both pieces of a suit.
2. Organize Accessories- Hang scarves and handbags if female guest,

hang on the side of closet wall the neckties and belts and caps

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3. Shoes- keep the shoes neatly sorted by placing them on shelves along the
floor of the closet.
4. Further Organization- In addition to hanging like items together, within

the sections you can also group clothing by color or by function. Depending
on what works best for the guest, keep all the dressy tops together, the casual
tops together and so forth. If the guest prefer, sort your black tops, your red
tops, your white tops and your light-colored tops, then do the same for your
bottoms.
5. The Under wears- Put all together in the drawer of the closet. Depends on the
instruction of the guest

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JOB SHEET 5.4-3
Title: Storing Guest Laundry
procedure in storing guest laundry.
Equipment: Laundry cart, laundry basket
1. Hang like Items Together. Pants should hang in their own respective
section, as should tops. Likewise, women should group skirts together
and hang dresses in a section closest to the wall. For both men and
women, suit pieces should hang together in a section for suits. Use
sturdy hangers designed specifically to hang both pieces of a suit.
2. Organize Accessories Organize Accessories- Hang scarves and

handbags if female guest, hang on the side of closet wall the neckties and
belts and caps
3. Shoes- keep the shoes neatly sorted by placing them on shelves along the
floor of the closet.
4. Further Organization- In addition to hanging like items together, within

the sections you can also group clothing by color or by function.
Depending on what works best for the guest, keep all the dressy tops
together, the casual tops together and so forth. If the guest prefer, sort
your black tops, your red tops, your white tops and your light-colored
tops, then do the same for your bottoms.
5. The Under wears- Put all together in the drawer of the closet. Depends
on the instruction of the guest

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JOB SHEET 5.4-3
CRITERIA YES NO
 Items are correctly stored according to the guest instruction
 Items that to be hanged are properly hanged
 Items are correctly stored in the guest closet.
 Follow safety procedures in storing guest laundry
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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EVIDENCE PLAN/EVALUATION PLAN
TRAINEES NAME
FACILATATOR’S NAME
QUALIFICATION HOUSEKEEPING NC II
UNIT OF COMPETENCY LAUNDER LINEN AND GUEST CLOTHES
COVERED
Ways in which evidence will be collected:
Oral
Demonstration
[tick the column]
Questioning
Witten Test
Interview
with
The evidence must show that the candidate……
2. Items are correctly sorted according to the
cleaning process required and the urgency of the X x
item. ***
3. Laundry methods are correctly selected in X
accordance with textile labeling codes
4. Laundry equipment is properly operated in X x
accordance with manufacturer’s instructions
5. Items for laundering are checked for stains and X
stains are treated using the correct process
6. Cleaning agents and chemicals are correctly used
in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions X x
and specific laundry equipment
7. Laundry equipment is operated in accordance X
with manufacturer’s instructions
8. Items are checked after laundering process to X x
ensure quality cleaning
9. Any damage arising from laundering process is
recorded and appropriate person(s) is/are notified X
in accordance with establishment procedures
10. Pressing and finishing processes are
correctly completed in accordance with textile X x
characteristics and client requirements
11. Guest laundry is packaged and presented in
accordance with establishment standards and X
procedures

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12. Finished items are returned to guest in X
accordance with required timeframes
13. Processed guest laundry is stored where

required, according to guest requests or where x
return to guest is not possible
NOTE: *Critical aspects of competency

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Rating Sheet for Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Candidates Name:
Instructor Name:
Unit of Competency: Laundry Linen and Guest Clothes
Qualification: Housekeeping NC II
Date of Assessment
Time of Assessment
Instruction for Demonstration:
The equipment, supplies and materials needed are provided. The
candidate must be able to launder linen and guest clothes.
Observation Checklist Check (/) to show if
evidence is demonstrated
During the demonstration of skills, the candidate: YES NO N/A
 Sort items according to the cleaning process
whether they will be washed or dry clean. ***
 Select laundry process according to degree
of soilage, colored or white, and type of
fabrics
 Check items with stains and treats them
accordingly
 Use cleaning agents and chemical in
accordance with manufacturer’s instruction
and safety precautions
 Keep record of any damage cause by
cleaning process
 Pack and present laundry
 Return finished items within time frame
 Pack and store laundry accordingly?
The candidate’s demonstration was:
Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

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Oral Questioning
Questions: Satisfactory
Response
The candidate should answer the following YES NO
questions:
1. How can you determine if the clothes can be
laundered or not?
2. Why did you segregate the white clothes from the
colored ones?
3. What is your basis for the number of linens that
could be loaded into the laundry machine?
4. What is your basis in sorting clothes in laundry?
5. Differentiate the different laundry supplies?
6. What part of the blouse/polo shirts should you
iron first?
7. What is the procedure in washing and ironing of
a blouse or polo?
8. What is the procedure in folding long sleeves?
9. What is the proper procedure for laundry?
10. What is the proper way of process of ironing?
11. What will be your basis for the choice of the
method of laundry to be used?
12. Why is it necessary to conduct post laundry
activity?
13. How will you bill and deliver the guest laundry?
14. What is the proper way of operating a washing
machine?
15. How will you do the post laundry cleaning
activity and explain why?
16. How do you are for laundry equipment and
supplies?
17. Prepare/fill-up a comprehensive laundry report
and billing of laundry services.
The candidate underpinning knowledge was:
Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Feedback to candidate:
Candidate’s Date:
Signature:
Instructor’s Date:
Signature:
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COMPETENCY EVALUATION RESULT SUMMARY
TRAINEE’S NAME
FACILITATOR’S NAME
QUALIFICATION HOUSEKEEPING NC II
DATE OF EVALUATION
TIME OF EVALUATION
THE PERFORMANCE OF THE TRAINEE IN SATISFACTORY NOT
THE FOLLOWING ASSESSMENT METHODS SATISFA
CTORY
[PLEASE TICK APPROPRIATE BOX]
D. WRITTEN EXAM.
E. INTERVIEW
F. DEMONSTRATION
DID THE TRAINEE’S OVERALL

PERFORMANCE MEET THE REQUIRED
EVIDENCES/STANDARDS?
RECOMMENDATION FOR RE-EVALUATION _______________________________
QUALIFIED TO TAKE THE NEXT COMPETENCY ---------------------
 GENERAL COMMENTS [STRENGTHS/IMPROVEMENT NEEDED]:
TRAINEE’S SIGNATURE: DATE:
FACILITATOR’S SIGNATURE: DATE:

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WRITTEN TEST
I. Identify the following:
1. It is an electronic machine that can be used for washing and drying
clothes.
2. It use for the delivery of guest laundry
3. This machine is for pressing delicate fabrics like wool, silk, etc
4. This is for ironing flat sheets, linen, pillow cases and other flat linens
5. It is design for washing and extracting clothes, linen and fabrics
6. Chemical that removes colors and stains or whitens clothes.
7. It used to prevent static cling and make fabric softer.
8. Are mild acids that can neutralize the alkalinity of detergents and bleach
9. Chemicals that retain the original color, even after many washing.
10. Removes chlorine, at least excessive chlorine from fabrics
11. TRUE OR FALSE. Write true if the statement is correct and False if
the statement is not correct.
1. Air rooms well before using bleach to dispel fumes
2. People who have asthma or other breathing problems should be
especially careful about using bleach.
3. Dilute it 10 parts in 1 parts water for a reasonably safe cleaning agent.
4. You can touch in bare hands the bleaches.
5. The oxygen bleaches are chemically different from standard bleach and
they are generally safer.
6. Sodium hypochlorite is corrosive and can cause burns to skin and eyes.
7. Work in a well ventilated area when using bleach
8. Small amounts of liquid may be disposed of down anywhere.
9. Not all bleaches are poisonous
10. Safety glasses is not a requirement when using bleach.
12. Sundry items to the clothesline; hanger for clothes, clothesline for
linens.
14. Never refer to the clothes, linen and fabric’s specification in drying.
15. Spread shirt face down on a smooth surface.
16. Fold tail downward, below the shoulders.
18. You can fold shirt unbuttoned
19. If you fold the sleeve of the shirt you should line up with the edge of
the first body fold.
20. You should be looking at the back of your shirt if you fold it.

HOUSEKEEPING 203
Revised by:
CHARITO AIZEL N.
SAGUN Revision #
ANSWER KEY
I. Identification
1. Washing machine
2. Laundry cart
3. Steam presser
4. Flat work ironer
5. Washer extractor
6. Bleaches
7. Fabric softeners
8. Sours
9. Detergent with optical brighteners
10. Antichlor
Answer Key 5.2-2
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. True
7. True
8. False
9. False
10. False
11. TRUE
12. TRUE
13. TRUE
14. FALSE
15. TRUE
16. FALSE
17. TRUE
18. FALSE
19. TRUE
20. TRUE

HOUSEKEEPING 203
Revised by:
CHARITO AIZEL N.
SAGUN Revision #
REFERENCES
Crespo, Amelia M. and Roldan, Amelia S. HOUSEKEEPING MANAGEMENT
Roldan, Amelia S. FRONT OFFICE PROCEDURES & GUEST RELATIONS
Roldan, Amelia S. OPERATING A HOTEL & RESTAURANT BUSINESS
INTERNET:
www.made-in-china.com
www.cw-usa.com
www.shopwynns.com
www.kabodle.com
www.ukwellborn.com
www.suwanneereptiles.com
www.nsclub.net
www.fotosearch.com
www.greenerhomecleaners.com
www.e-how.com

HOUSEKEEPING 203
Revised by:
CHARITO AIZEL N.
SAGUN Revision #

2020 CBLM 5 Laudry Linen Guest Clothes

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COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

TECHNICAL EDUCATION SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

Welcome to the Module in Laundering Linen and Guest

Date revised: Document No.

Date revised: Document No.

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Provide Housekeeping Services Providing Housekeeping

Clean and Prepare Rooms for Cleaning and Preparing

Laundry Linen & Guest Laundering Linen &

Cleaning Public Areas,

6 Deal With/ Handle Intoxicated Dealing With/ Handling

Date revised: Document No.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Launder Linen and Guest Clothes

MODULE TITLE : Laundering Linen and Guest Clothes

MODULE DESCRIPTOR: This module covers basic knowledge, skills and

NOMINAL DURATION : _____ hours

LO 1. Collect laundry for laundering functions

Date revised: Document No.

1. Identify the role of an on-premise laundry in accordance with the enterprise

Date revised: Document No.

Date revised: Document No.

Date revised: Document No.

Learning Outcome 1: COLLECT LAUNDRY FOR LAUNDERING FUNCTIONS

Compare your answer to the answer

Date revised: Document No.

Evaluate your own work using the

Keep a copy of your work for the next

Date revised: Document No.

Keep a copy of your work for the next

Date revised: Document No.

Receive soiled linen

Learning Objectives: After reading this INFORMATION SHEET the trainees

One of the most important functions of a successful hospitality operation is

Date revised: Document No.

Date revised: Document No.

Receiving linen by client

Date revised: Document No.

Queen sheets 200 1000

Pillow cases 400 2000

Bath towels 200 1000

Hand towels 200 1000

Face washers 200 1000

Bathrobes 200 1000

Date revised: Document No.

Bathmats 100 500

Date revised: Document No.

Date revised: Document No.

PERFORM LAUNDERING FUNCTIONS

Error: Reference source not found

Date revised: Document No.

How is linen sorted?

Date revised: Document No.

Date revised: Document No.

Date revised: Document No.

Date revised: Document No.

Special care Items

Banquet table skirtings

Massage room towels

Date revised: Document No.

Banquet chair covers

Date revised: Document No.

Date revised: Document No.

Why weigh wash loads?