BIOLOGY

CHAPTER 6: LIFE PROCESSES

1. What are the differences between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition.

AUTROPHIC
NUTRITION
. Here the organisms prepare their own food
using raw material from outside source like
water and carbon dioxide
This is of two types – 1) chemoautotrophic
and 2) photoautotrophic
HETROTROPHIC
NUTRITION
In this nutrition organisms are depended
indirectly or directly on other organisms
It is of four typ 1) saprophyti2) parasitic 3)
3)symbiotic 4) holozoic

2. How does amoeba obtain nutrition? Explain with the help of diagram.

When amoeba comes near to the food particle, it extends its finger like
projection called pseudopodia and engulfs the food. This is how food vacuole is
formed. The process of digestion takes place inside the food vacuole. The food
which is not digested is egested out via the cell surface

3. What function is served by the following:

(i) Gastric sphincter (ii) Anal sphincter

Gastric Sphincter-Exit of food from the stomach is regulated by gastric

sphincter.
Anal Sphincter- Exit of undigested food from the body is regulated by large
intestine via the anal sphincter

4. Write down the functions of digestive enzyme.

Organ Enzyme/Secretion Function

Mouth Salivary amylase( Digestion of starch
Saliva)
Stomach Pepsin( Gastric Digestion of Protein
juice)

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 Pancreas Trypsin( Pancreatic Digestion of Protein
juice)
Pancreas Lipase(Pancreatic Digestion of Fats
juice)

5. Draw a neat and well labelled diagram of human digestive system

Ans NCERT Diagram

6.Why is diffusion being not enough to meet the oxygen requirements of all the
cells in multicellular organisms?

AnsSince all the body cells are not in direct contact with the environment

Q7 What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidized to provide energy in
various organisms?
Ans:There are three pathways by which glucose is broken down in the living
organisms:
1. In the first pathway ,glucose is broken down in presence of oxygen. The
end products are carbon-dioxide, water and energy. It takes place in the
mitochondria
2. In the second pathway, glucose breaks down in limited supply of
oxygen. The end products are lactic acid. It takes place inside the
muscle cell.
3. In the third pathway, glucose breaks down in the absence of oxygen.
The end products are carbon dioxide and ethanol. It takes place inside
yeast.

Q8 How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings?

Ans :Haemoglobin transports oxygen molecule to all the body cells for cellular
respiration. The haemoglobin pigment present in the blood gets attached to O2
molecules that are obtained from breathing and the blood becomes oxygenated.
This oxygenated blood is then distributed to all the body cells by the heart. After
giving awayO2 to the body cells, blood takes away CO2 which is the end product
of cellular respiration. Now the blood becomes de-oxygenated. Since
haemoglobin pigment has less affinity for CO2is mainly transported in the
dissolved form. This de-oxygenated blood gives CO2 to lung alveoli and takes O2
in return.

Q 9 . Draw a neat and labelled diagram of human respiratory system

Ans NCERT Diagram

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 Q10: Draw a neat and labelled diagram of human heart

Ans NCERT Diagram

Q11 “Lymph is another type of fluid involved in transportation.” Justify this

statement by explaining the process
There is another type of fluid also involved in transportation. This is called
lymph or tissue fluid. Through the pores present in the walls of capillaries some
amount of plasma, proteins and blood cells escape into intercellular spaces in
the tissues to form the tissue fluid or lymph.. Lymph carries digested and
absorbed fat from intestine and drains excess fluid from extra cellular space
back into the blood.Lymph contains lymphocytes so it also fights against
infection
Q12 Which mechanism plays an important role in transportation of water in plants?
(I)During daytime (ii)At night

During day time- transpiration pull

At night – root pressure

Q13 What is translocation? How it takes place in plants?

The transport of soluble products of photosynthesis is called translocation and it occurs
in the parts of the vascular tissue known as phloem. The translocation in phloem is
achieved by utilizing energy. Material like sucrose is transferred into phloem tissue
using energy from ATP. This increases the osmotic pressure of the tissue causing water
to move into it. This pressure moves the material in the phloem to tissues which have
less pressure

Q14.What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and
phloem?

XYLEM
Here materials like water and minerals
are transported
Transportation takes place through
forces like transpiration pull and root
pressure
The transpiration in xylem is the passive
process. Here the materials are
transported only in upward direction
PHLOEM
Here soluble products of photosynthesis,
amino acids and salts are transported
Transpiration takes place due to
difference in osmotic pressure utilizing
the energy from ATP molecules
Transportation in phloem is an active
process. Here the material is transported
in all direction

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15 Write any one function of an artificial kidney.

The dialysis machine plays the role of artificial kidney. For patients who suffer from
kidney disease where kidney doesn’t work properly. The hemodialysis machine helps to
filter the waste from the patient’s blood and helps the patient a normal life.

16 Major amount of water is selectively reabsorbed by the tubular part of nephron in

humans. What are the factors on which the amount of water reabsorbed depends?

Some substances in the initial filtrate such as glucose, amino acid, salts and a major
amount of water are selectively re-absorbed as the urine flows along the tube. The
amount of water reabsorbed depends on how much excess water there is in the body
and on how much of dissolved waste there is to be excreted

17.Draw a diagram of an excretory unit of a human kidney and label the following:
Bowman’s capsule, Glomerulus, Collecting Duct, Renal Artery.

Ans NCERT Diagram

18. Draw a neat diagram of human excretory system and label on it : urteter, kidney,
left renal artey and vena cava
Ans NCERT Diagram

19. List the different methods by which plant get rid of excretory waste products.
Ans: Many plants store waste materials in the vacuoles of mesophyll cells and
epidermal cells. When old leaves fall, the waste materials are excreted along with the
leaves.Plants get rid of excess water by the process of transpiration . Plants also excrete
some waste products into the soil around them.

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